• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.199-206
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• 2019

This study aims to identify whether the action-observation training impacts on the improvement of stroke patient's cognitive functioning. When it comes to the research methods, Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA) conducted to assess samples between 23 April and 18 May 2018. Samples are seven patients who are hospitalized in Kyung-In region. In the meantime, seven tasks such as the range of joint motion (ROM) dance, arrangement of pullover clothes, lacing-ups of a pair, folding up a facecloth and socks, the origami and tying a necktie implemented as the action-observation programme. In order to analyse collected data, descriptive statistics analysis, paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were carried out via SPSS version 20 (a statistics programme). The change in value from MMSE-K showed its statistical significant as 3.29 (±1.38, p<.001) as well as value from LICA in recollective powers was 12.16 (±6.73), therefore, the statistic is said to be statistically significant. In conclusion, action-observation training most influenced recollective powers amongst stroke patient's cognitive functioning areas. Even though development of cognitive functioning discovered in other areas, its values were possibly statistically insignificant. Hence, future research ought to demonstrate which areas action-observation training is effective according to brain lesion site.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

This study examines the relationship between population growth and carbon dioxide emissions in the context of Africa perspective. Population growth and carbon dioxide emissions helped identify the key driving forces of environmental impacts by including other predictors in all the different income levels of all sampled countries in Africa. To explore the role of population growth in the emissions of carbon dioxide, this research employed a panel data set of 52 Africa countries from 1960 to 2012 using fixed effects, random effects and GLS/FGLS estimators to estimate the modified STIRPAT model. The results found that a 1% increase in population growth suggests an increase in carbon dioxide emission loads by about 0.33%, 1.08%, 0.57% and 2.32% on the average, controlling for all other anthropogenic driving forces, for LICA, LMICA, UICA and HICA respectively. There is a significant relationship between population growth and carbon dioxide emissions in all the national income levels in Africa.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2003

LICA technique evolved as a basic fabrication process fur micro-structure. The present report deals with the basic technological features in the sequence of the LIGA technique such as deep x-ray lithography(DXRL), electroplating, and moulding processes at Pohang Light Source (PLS). We designed 3-D structured master for fabrication of polymeric optical wavegude and manufactured polymeric optical wavegude with the same using hot embossing process. Polymeric optical waveguide could be produced with ${\pm}$ 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ accuracy and good surface roughness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.1043-1046
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• 2000

By combination of X-ray lithography, electroplating and molding process, various microstructures have been produced. Specially, the alignment grooves for multi-fibers with submicron accuracy have been produced. This paper described a fabrication process of LICA molds and micro molding technique by using LIGA molds. The accuracy of the fabricated LIGA molds was less than 0.4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The injection molded alignment grooves were very precise and had me surface roughness so that they could be successfully applicable to optical systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2450-2456
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• 2002

Microlenses and microlens arrays are fabricated using a novel fabrication technology based on the exposure of a resist (usually PMMA) to deep X-rays and subsequent thermal treatment. The fabrication technology is very simple and produces microlenses and microlens arrays with good surface roughness (less than 1 nm). The molecular weight and glass transition temperature of PMMA is reduced when it is irradiated with deep X-rays. The microlenses is produced through the effects of volume change, surface tension, and reflow during thermal treatment of irradiated PMMA. The geometry of the microlens is determined by parameters such as the X-ray dose applied to the PMMA, the diameter of the microlens, along with the heating temperature, heating time, and cooling rate in the thermal treatment. Microlenses are produced with diameters ranging from 30 to 1500 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The modified LIGA process is used not only to construct hemispherical microlenses but also structures that are rectangular-shaped, star-shaped, etc.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1976-1978
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• 2002

micro CPL 제작을 위한 LICA 및 MEMS 공정을 개발하였으며 양산화를 위한 새로운 방법으로 ${\mu}$MIM(micro Metal Injection Molding) 기술을 제안하였다. 먼저 LIGA 기술을 이용하여 Cu 도금 구조물로 이루어진 micro CPL 구조물을 제작하였다. 각각 상판과 하판 구조물로 나누어 제작하였으며 상, 하판 Cu 구조물을 brazing 방법을 이용하여 접합하였다. 또한 micro CPL 내부에서 일어나는 냉매의 흐름 및 상변화(liquid ${\leftrightarrow}$ vapor) 거동을 관찰할 수 있는 새로운 개념의 Si/glass 투명 micro CPL을 제작하였다. 상기 공정을 이용하여 냉각 능력이 10w/$cm^2$ 이상인 micro CPL을 제작하였다. 상기 연구 결과를 바탕으로 양산화를 위한 새로운 정밀복제기술인 ${\mu}$MIM(Micro Metal Injection Molding) 공정을 개발하였다. LISA 공정으로 제작된 정밀 금형을 core금형으로 사용하였고 $1{\mu}m$ 이하의 W-Cu(10%) powder와 binder가 혼합된 흔합분말을 이용하여 micro channel 구조물(선폭 $100{\mu}m$)의 성형 복제에 성공함으로서 양산화를 향한 기반기술을 확립하였다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 1999

The desilica~ilalioc~h~ar .~ctcrisocs or conveutcu dust for molten pg iron has bee11 sludled for the pulposc of converter dust reuse. Desiloconizalir~ne ff~c~encwya s observed 10 be increased with increasing feeding rate of dust, and there was 110 cffccl to Lhe des~lica~~iratiearlfli cio~cyfo r the addtioolI CaO Ln dust. In ~noslc ases, the dcs~l~conizaliornea ction was ucconlpl~shed wrthin 10 minutes regadless of thc dust cornpasilim In addition lo the desil~comzat~oenfl ect, the rzmow~lc hal-i~cteristo~fs M u, P. C, and S from mallen iron by convcrtcr dust also have been in\~esligataled. CuO m thc converlel. dust was observed to ~educc the demanganizi~tion eflect and slag laming phenomenon and make thc dephosphoriralion pn,ce*s easler.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.457-468
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• 2007

Analytical and experimental investigation on dynamic properties of extra lightweight concrete sandwich beams reinforced with various lay ups of carbon reinforced epoxy polymer composites (CFRP) are discussed. The lightweight concrete used in the core of the sandwich beams was made up of extra lightweight aggregate, Lica. The density of concrete was half of that of the ordinary concrete and its compressive strength was about $100Kg/cm^2$. Two extra lightweight unreinforced (control) beams and six extra lightweight sandwich beams with various lay ups of CFRP were clamped in one end and tested under an impact load. The dimension of the beams without considering any reinforcement was 20 cm ${\times}$ 10 cm ${\times}$ 1.4 m. These were selected to ensure that the effect of shear during the bending test would be minimized. Three other beams, made up of ordinary concrete reinforced with steel bars, were tested in the same conditions. For measuring the damping capacity of sandwich beams three methods, Logarithmic Decrement Analysis (LDA), Hilbert Transform Analysis (HTA) and Moving Block Analysis (MBA) were applied. The first two methods are in time domain and the last one is in frequency domain. A comparison between the damping capacity of the beams obtained from all three methods, shows that the damping capacity of the extra lightweight concrete decreases by adding the composite reinforced layers to the upper and lower sides of the beams, and becomes most similar to the damping of the ordinary beams. Also the results show that the stiffness of the extra lightweight concrete beams increases by adding the composite reinforced layer to their both sides and become similar to the ordinary beams.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.705-715
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• 2010

The adoption of carbon foot print system is being activated mostly in the developed countries as one of the long-term response towards tightened up regulations and standards on carbon emission in the agricultural sector. The Korean Ministry of Environment excluded the primary agricultural products from the carbon foot print system due to lack of LCI (life cycle inventory) database in agriculture. Therefore, the research on and establishment of LCI database in the agriculture for adoption of carbon foot print system is urgent. Development of LCA (life cycle assessment) methodology for application of LCA to agricultural environment in Korea is also very important. Application of LCA methodology to agricultural environment in Korea is an early stage. Therefore, this study was carried out to find out the effect of lettuce cultivation on agricultural environment by establishing LCA methodology. Data collection of agricultural input and output for establishing LCI was carried out by collecting statistical data and documents on income from agro and livestock products prepared by RDA. LCA methodology for agriculture was reviewed by investigating LCA methodology and LCA applications of foreign countries. Results based on 1 kg of lettuce production showed that inputs including N, P, organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers and crop protectants were the main sources of major emission factor during lettuce cropping process. The amount of inputs considering the amount of active ingredients was required to estimate the actual quantity of the inputs used. Major emissions due to agricultural activities were $N_2O$ (emission to air) and ${NO_3}^-$/${PO_4}^-$ (emission to water) from fertilizers, organic compounds from pesticides and air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion in using agricultural machines. The softwares for LCIA (life cycle impact assessment) and LCA used in Korea are 'PASS' and 'TOTAL' which have been developed by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and the Ministry of Environment. However, the models used for the softwares are the ones developed in foreign countries. In the future, development of models and optimization of factors for characterization, normalization and weighting suitable to Korean agricultural environment need to be done for more precise LCA analysis in the agricultural area.