• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was accomplished to investigate the effects of moxibustion at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) on the heart rate variability(HRV) in healthy adults. And based on that, we tried to find out how moxibustion at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) effects on the activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system Methods : We investigated on 50 healthy volunteers consisted of 24 subjects in moxibustion group and 24 subjects in control group. On the other hand, two volunteers were ruled out by standard of elimination. The study was established by randomized trial. Moxibustion was applied at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) and rested during 10 minutes in moxibustion group. No treatment was executed in control group. We measured HRV 3 times : baseline measurement and after treatment in moxibustion group(after rest in control group) twice. The SPSS 12.0 for windows was used to analyze the data by paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test(in group) and Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test (between the groups). Results : 1. In moxibustion group, mean HRT decreased significantly. Ln(VLF) increased significantly. Ln(TP) decreased significantly at $2^{nd}$ time and increased significantly at $3^{rd}$ time. SDNN, RMSSD, PSI, Ln(LF), Ln(HF), Normalized LF, Normalized HF and LF/HF ratio were not affected. 2. In control group, PSI and normalized HF decreased significantly. SDNN, Ln(TP), Ln(VLF), normalized LF and LF/HF ratio increased significantly. Mean HRT, RMSSD, Ln(LF) and Ln(HF) were not affected. Conclusions : This study suggest that moxibustion at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) makes no effects on the balance of the autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was accomplished to investigate the effects of acupuncture at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) on the heart rate variability(HRV) in healthy adults. And based on that, we tried to find out how acupuncture at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) effects on the activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 74 healthy volunteers consisted of 24 subjects in acupuncture group, 24 subjects in sham acupuncture group and 24 subjects in control group. On the other hand, two volunteers were ruled out by standard of elimination. The study was established by randomized trial. Acupuncture was applied at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) during 10 minutes in acupuncture group and minimal acupuncture was applied at the same area in sham acupuncture group. No treatment was executed in control group. We measured HRV 3 times : baseline measurement and after treatment in acupuncture group and sham acupuncture group (after rest in control group) twise. The SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data by paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test (in group) and One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test (between the groups). Results: 1. In acupuncture group, Mean HRT, PSI, Normalized HF decreased significantly. SDNN, Ln (TP), Ln (LF), Ln (VLF), Normalized LF and LF/HF ratio increased significantly. RMSSD, Ln(HF) were not affected. 2. In sham acupuncture group, all indicators were not affected. 3. In control group, mean HRT, Ln(TP) decreased significantly. SDNN, RMSSD, PSI, Ln(LF), Ln(HF), Ln(VLF), normalized LF, normalized HF and LF/HF ratio were not affected. Conclusions : We suggest that acupuncture at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) increases the activity of autonomic nervous system and makes effects on the balance of the autonomic nervous system.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2018

본 연구는 일회성 호흡훈련 피드백이 중년여성의 HRV-자율신경시스템 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 중년여성(40-60세) 총 24명을 호흡군 12명, 통제군 12명으로 무선할당하여 일회성 호흡 훈련을 실시하였다. 호흡군의 피드백 훈련은 총 15분 동안 실시되었으며, 10분 간 전문가 지도에 따른 호흡 자각 훈련 후 5분 간 자율호흡 훈련을 실시하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS WIN 20.0으로 반복측정 변량분석(Repeated Measures ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 이를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 중년여성들은 일회성 호흡 훈련 후 SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF가 유의하게 높아졌으며, 호흡군이 통제군보다 SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF이 유의하게 높아진 것으로 나타났고, Mean HR과 LF/HF는 집단과 시기의 주효과, 집단과 시기의 상호작용효과 모두 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 일회성 호흡훈련 피드백은 중년여성들의 SDNN, RMSSD, 교감활성, 부교감활성에 효과적이며, 이러한 호흡 훈련 프로그램은 자율신경계 균형 능력을 향상시켜 중년여성들의 스트레스 완화 및 자율신경실조증을 회복할 수 있는 운동중재의 효용 가치를 기대할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was accomplished to investigate the effects of venesection with cupping therapy at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) on the heart rate variability(HRV) in healthy adults. And based on that, we tried to find out how venesection with cupping therapy at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) affects the activity and the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 60 healthy volunteers consisted of 30 subjects in venesection with cupping therapy group and 30 subjects in control group. The study was established by randomized trial. venesection with cupping therapy was applied at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) for 10 minutes in venesection with cupping therapy group. No treatment was executed in control group. We measured HRV 3 times : First, baseline measurement and two more times after treatment in venesection with cupping therapy group(after rest in control group). The SPSS 12.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data by paired t-test(in both group), independent-test(between the groups) and Chi-square test(between the sexs). Results : 1. In venesection with cupping therapy group, SDNN, Ln(TP), Ln(LF), Normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio increased significantly. Normalized HF decreased significantly. Mean HRT, RMSSD, PSI, Ln(HF), and Ln(VLF) were not affected. 2. In control group, Ln(HF) decreased significantly. Mean HRT, SDNN, RMSSD, PSI, Ln(TP), Ln(LF), Ln(VLF), Normalized LF, Normalized HF, and LF/HF ratio were not affected. Conclusions : This study suggests that venesection with cupping therapy at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) increases the activity of the autonomic nervous system and has effects on the balance of the autonomic nervous system.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2019

본 연구는 아로마의 흡입법을 적용한 아로마테라피가 자율신경계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 진행되었다. 연구 대상자는 모집공고에 의해 만 20세 이상~만 59세 이하의 남,여 64명을 대상으로 하였고, 실험군 32명, 대조군 32명을 무작위배정하였다. 실험군에게는 6가지 아로마블렌딩오일(Lavender, Bergamot, Mandarin, Lemon, Cedarwood, Roman Chamomile)을 적용하였으며, 대조군에게는 조조바오일을 적용하여 흡입법을 실시하였다. 실험처치 전과 30분 후에 PPG측정을 위하여 유비오 맥파측정기(uBioClip v70)를 이용해, 실험군과 대조군의 HRV(TP, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF)를 비교 분석하였다. 통계분석은 측정치의 사전점수를 통제한 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 사용하였으며, 연구결과 분석된 5개 항목 중 3개 항목인 TP(p<.05), LF(p<.05), HF(p<.01)에서 실험군과 대조군 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 아로마테라피가 TP를 향상시켜 자율신경계의 전체 활성도를 증가시키고, 교감과 부교감신경의 활성도를 높여 적당한 긴장과 이완을 통한 심장활동의 촉진에 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있다. 일상생활에서 아로마테라피를 꾸준히 활용한다면 자율신경계 반응에 긍정적인 영향을 줌으로써, 건강한 생활을 영위할 수 있게 해줄 것이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.216-231
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• 2007

배경 : 자율 신경의 영향력을 반영하는 심박동의 가속 또는 감속은 발작성 심방세동의 시작전 관찰된다. 본 연구의 목적은 심방세동 시작 전에 선행하는 두 다른 형태의 심박동의 변화가 자율 신경에 상호작용하는 차이를 평가하기 위함이다. 재료 및 방법 : 발작성 심방 세동이 기록된 105개의 홀터 결과 중에 5분 이상의 발작성 심방세동이 발생하기 전에 최소 한 시간 이상동안 정상 동율동을 보인 55개의 홀터 결과를 선택하여 심박동의 다양성에 대한 시간-우선 및 빈도-우선 분석을 시행하였다. 55개의 홀터 결과를 두 그룹으로 나누었는데, 발작성 심방 세동이 발생하기 전 마지막 2분 동안 심박동의 가속이 있었던 결과들을 그룹 A(n=30)로 분류하였고, 심박동의 감소가 있었던 결과들은 그룹 B(n=25)로 분류하였다. 결과 : 그룹 A에서 저명하게 비교적 균일한 평균 RR 간격의 감소($924{\pm}30$ to $835{\pm}28ms$, $P$=0.001)가 관찰되었고, 그룹 B에서는 평균 RR 간격의 증가($831{\pm}32$ to $866{\pm}31ms$, $P$=0.046)가 관찰되었다. 그룹 A는 빈도-우선 분석에서 LF/HF 비가 점진적으로 비교적 균일하게 증가하였다($P$=0.005). 그룹 A에서 HF normalized units ($HF_{nu}$)값은 $30.8{\pm}4.0$에서 $16.1{\pm}1.8$으로 감소하였고($P$=0.003), natural logarithm-transformed HF ($In$HF) 값은 $4.49{\pm}0.25$에서 $4.07{\pm}0.22$로 감소하였다($P$=0.001). 그룹 A와는 정반대로 그룹 B에서 $HF_{nu}$ 값은 $22.6{\pm}3.2$에서 $30.2{\pm}4.0$으로 증가하였고 ($P$=0.005), $In$HF 값도 $4.27{\pm}0.27$에서 $4.75{\pm}0.33$으로 증가하였다($P$=0.001). LF/HF 비도 그룹 B에서 결과적으로 감소하였다. 두 그룹 사이에 LF 구성요소의 저명한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : 발작성 심방세동이 시작되기 전에 선행하는 심박동의 가속과 감속을 유발하는 자율신경의 구동은 부교감 신경의 가감조절 때문이다. 부교감 신경의 가감조절이 발작성 심방세동의 시작에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.284-297
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate characteristic indice of heart rate variability (HRV) according to presence of metabolic syndrome (MS), pattern identification. Methods : We analyzed 167 subjects who participated in a stroke check-up. We classified the subjects into two groups as MS (n=48) and non-MS (n=119) based on NCEP ATP III. First, we investigated pattern identification of all subjects based on Korean Standard Pattern Identifications for Stroke-III. Second, we surveyed significance of HRV indices between MS and non-MS groups. Third, we investigated significance of HRV indices between classified DP of MS and classified DP of non-MS. Fourth, we investigated significance of HRV indices between classified DP of MS and non-MS. Fifth, we investigated significance between components of MS and HRV indices. Results : 1. SDNN, RMS-SD, HF, Ln(HF), and HF (NORM) were significantly lower in the MS than non-MS group. LN (TP), LF/HF were significantly higher in the MS than non-MS. 2. Ln (HF), Ln (TP), and LF/HF were statistically significant in the classified DP of MS group. 3. RMS-SD, and Ln (HF) were significantly lower in the abdominal obesity group than in the non-abdominal obesity group. SDNN, RMS-SD, TP, Ln (TP), VLF, Ln (VLF), and Ln (LF) were significantly lower in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group. RMS-SD was significantly lower in the diabetes group than in the non-diabetes group. Mean HRT,LF/HF were significantly higher in the hypertriglyceridemia than non-hypertriglyceridemia group, but Ln (HF), RMS-SD, and HF (NORM) were significantly lower in the hypertriglyceridemia than non-hypertriglyceridemia group. Conclusions : We found a few significant relationships between classified DP of MS and HRV indices. The resluts demonstrate that MS has potentially negative effects on the cardiovascular system, and these effects could be detected by HRV.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2009

Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the relation between hair tissue mineral elements(HTME) and Heart rate variability(HRV) of the metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods 89 persons(41-69 ages) who visited Oriental hospital for medical examination were divided MS group(n=22) and control group(n=67). HTME and HRV were compared, and were analyzed correlation with five contents of the MS. Results (1) In total subjects, waist circumference had a positive correlation with Pb. Blood pressure had a negative correlation with Mg. High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-chol) had a negative correlation with Pb, Sb and K, while positive correlation with Ca/K. Triglyceride(TG) had a negative correlation with Mg and Na/K, while positive correlation with K and Ca/Mg. (2) In total subjects, TG and fasting blood sugar(FBS) had negative correlation with high frequency(HF), while positive correlation with low frequency/high frequency ratio(LF/HF). (3) In MS group, most of the level of toxic minerals were higher, and the level of major nutritional minerals were lower, but there were no statistical signficance. In two groups, there is no contrast between the correlations of the MS contents and HTME. (4) In MS group, HF was significantly lower and LF/HF was higher than normal group. LF/HF had a negative correlation with waist circumference in MS group, while positive correlation in normal group. (5) In total subjects, TP had a positive correlation with Mg. In two groups, there is no contrast between the correlations of the MS contents and HRV. However LF/HF had a positive correlation with Na in MS group, TP and LF had negative correlation with Ca, while RMSSD and HF had negative correlation with Cu in normal group. Conclusion These results may suggest that HTME and HRV are useful in diagnosing and preventing the metabolic syndrome.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.143-169
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• 2008

Objective: This study was to investigate the relation of what insomnia patients' symptoms with Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Questionaire(IQ). Methods: For this study, we carried out HRV, PSQI and IQ of 43 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from September 2007 to May 2008. We studied the relationship HRV with PSQI and IQ. For every symptom, this study classified the patients as none-symptom, symptom groups and analyzed each group's HRV, PSQI and IQ. Result : 1. The rate of xerostomia in female group is significantly higher than male group. 2. P1 (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), LF has negative correlation with age. The score of PI (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), P4(time of recoverable sleep) in the group whose age is more than 50 are higher than the group whose age is lesser than 50. 3. The frequency of using hypnotics(P6) in the group whose duration of onset are over 1 year was significantly higher than the score in the group whose duration of onset were below 1 year. 4. The accompanied symptoms in the group who started sleep disorder after stressor are higher than the number in the group whose duration of onset were poor-defined. 5. The drinking group have lower rate of anorexia, higher score of P1 (hypnagogic time) and TP than non-drinking group. 6. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep) have negative correlation with NNSO, HF, TP and positive correlation with LF/HF. 7. The score of P1(hypnagogic time) have negative correlation with LF. 8. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue) have positive correlation with LF/HF. 9. The score of P5e(frequency of cough or snoring) have negative correlation with RMSSD. 10. The score of I1a(degree of onset insomnia), I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia) have negative correlation with NN50, pNN50, HF. 11. The score of I1c(degree of termination insomnia) have negative correlation with RMSSD, NN50, pNN50, HF, TP and positive correlation with MHR, LF/HF. 12.. The score of P5i(frequency of night pain), LF/HF in the group with headache are higher than the group without headache. 13. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue), P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool) in the group with xerostomia are higher than the group without xerostomia. 14. The score of P9(degree of unrecoverable sleep) and I5a(degree of onset insomnia) in the group with chest discomfort are lower than the group without chest discomfort. 15. The score of P7(frequency of drowsiness for daytime) in the group with palpitation are lower than the group without palpitation. 16. The score of P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool), P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), I1c(degree of termination insomnia) in the group with burning sensation of upper trunk are higher than the group without burning sensation. 17. The score of NN50, pNN50, LF, TP in the group with anorexia are lower than the group without anorexia. 18. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep), P2(duration for sleep start) in the group with constipation are higher than the group without constipation. 19. The score of P4(recoverable sleep time) in the group with depression are higher than the group without depression. 20. In the group with anxiety, the score of P1(time of hypnagogue), P5a(frequency of onset insomnia) are lower and the score of I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia), I4(objective degree of impairment by insomnia) are higher than the group without anxiety. 21. The score of NN50, pNN50, HF, TP in the group with inertia are lower than the group without inertia. 22. The accompanied symptoms haver posirive correlation with P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), P5i(frequency of night pain) and LF/HF. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the complicated relations of the pattern of sleep disorder with many symptoms such as headache, chest discomfort, depression and any others. And this study showed that autonomic nervous system have important function in the regulation of sleep.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of acupuncture applied at PC6 and SP4 points on heart rate variability (HRV) in normal subjects under mental stress Methods: 24 healthy male subjects were recruited and randomized to a treatment group (12 subjects) or a control group (12 subjects). Both groups performed a mental arithmetic stress test and then acupuncture needles were inserted on PC6 and SP4 for the study group. In the control group, they took sham acupuncture as a control. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured during the whole study period by FM-150 (digital Holter ECG recorder). Results: In the both groups, low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) was significantly increased after mental stress. Acupuncture induced significant decrease in low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) which were increased after mental stress test. But sham acupuncture induced no changes. Results: In both groups, low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) significantly increased after mental stress. Acupuncture induced significant decrease in low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) which increased after mental stress test. In contrast, sham acupuncture induced no changes. Conclusions: Acupuncture on PC6 and SP4 could be useful to decrease sympathetic activity and balance autonomic nervous system for those who are under stress.