• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.459-465
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• 1993

SOG박막 밑에 층간 절연박으로 사용하는 PECVD산화막을 Si rich산화막으로 만들어 줌으로써 실리콘 dangling bond가 수소원자나 수분과 결합하여 SOG박막으로 부터 침투되는 수소원자나 수분의 확산을 억제하므로서 소작 열화되는 것을 방지한다. 이러한 Si rich산화막의 기본 특성을 알아보기 위하여 LF/HF power비와 $SiH_4/N_2O$ gas유량비를 변화시켜서 박막 특성을 조사하였다. 저주파 power만 변화시킨 경우, 증착속도가 감소하고 굴절율과 압축응력에 증가하며 FTIR에서 3300$\textrm{cm}^{-1}$~3800$\textrm{cm}^{-1}$영역의 수분에 의한 peak이 감소하는 것으로 보아 박막이 치밀해짐을 알 수 있고, $SiH_{4}$기체유량을 증가시킨 경우엔 증착속도, 굴절율, 식각속도는 증가하나 압축응력은 감소한다. FTIR에서 Si-O-Si peak의 세기가 감소하고 낮은 파수영역으로 이동하며, AES분석 결과에서 일반적인 oxide(Si:0=1:1.98)에서 보다 Si:O비가 1:1.23으로 낮아 PECVD산화 막내의 Si danling bond가 증가했음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze basic data for cold hypersensitivity patients with a questionnaire and investigate correlation between cold hypersensitivity and Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods : 49 patients who complain of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet in ambulatory care were investigated in Oriental Gynecology, Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and Women medical center, Kangnam Koreana hospital from May 1, 2006 to October 20, 2006. All patients were asked to answer a questionnaire. After careful I examination to rule out other disease which may affect Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and HRV data, patients were taken thermography for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity Based on the result of thermography, the patients were divided into two groups(Objective cold hypersensitivity and Subjective cold hypersensitivity). Then, these two groups were compared using HRV data which was measured in the supine position for 5 minutes. Results: 1. For most patients, cold hypersensitivity first developed during puberty. 2. The parts of the body that felt cold first time were hands and feet. 3. The cold sensation was increased in winter or at bedtime Showing that the sensation can be changed according to the level of coldness. 4. Among women who sufferfrom cold hypersensitivity, very few of them were treated. 5. More than half of cold hypersensitivity patients's family member also had a cold hypersensitivity. 6. The decrease in mean values of LF/HF ratio was observed in objective cold hypersensitivity group than subjective cold hypersensitivity group and the decrease was significant(P=0.014) when examined by Student t-test. Conclusions : It is necessary that the cold hypersensitivity patients should be treated carefully considering the facts mentioned above. And it can be suggested that dysautinomia be related with cold hypersensitivity and be evaluated by HRV.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1120-1128
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• 2001

한국형 찐빵 품질에 적합한 시중 밀가루 품질과 발효 시간 (0~60분) 및 첨가 재료(베이킹파우더, 쇼트닝)가 찐빵 품질에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 박력분(LF), 중력분(MF), 강력 분(HF)과. 박력분과 강력분(HLF) 혹은 박력분과 중력분 (HMF)을 각각 동량 혼합한 것을 포함한 5종의 밀가루를 사용하여 밀가루 반죽 물성과 빵 품질을 비교하였다. 사용된 밀가루의 단백질 함량은 8.17.~12.52%, 회분은 0.38 ~ 0.41% 범위에 있으며 찐빵은 오븐에서 굽는 roll bread와는 다르게 1차 발효 과정을 생략한 제조 조건에서 찐빵 품질이 가장 우수하였고, 찐빵 제조에 요구되는 밀가루는 반죽 강도가 강한 강력분에 가까운 밀가루보다 단백질 함량이 9.5 ~ 10.9%, 범위의 반죽 강도가 중간 정도인 시중 밀가루가 찐빵 제조에 적합하였다. 찐빵 제조에 베이킹파우더 1.0~1.5%, 쇼트닝 5 ~ 7% 첨가로 빵 부피, 빵 모양, bread score, 조직감 등이 향상되었다. 전반적인 기호도가 가장 높았던 찐빵은 강력분과 박력분을 동량 혼합한 혼합분(단백질 10.53%)으로 만든 것으로 빵 껍질이 매끄럽고, 광택이 있고 희었으며, 촉감은 촉촉하고 부드러웠다. 시중 밀가루 품질과 빵 품질과의 상관성은 ro11 bread와 찐빵에서 다르게 나타났는데 roll bread의 빵 부피나 total bread score는 단백질 함량과 farinograph 반죽 물성이 모두 관련이 있었으나 찐빵의 경우 단백질 함량은 빵 부피에 영향을 미치지 않았고 새심 bread score는 단백질 보다 반죽 안정도와 상관성이 더 높았으며 빵 표면 특성은 반죽 형성 시간과 호화 점도에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.467-477
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) and other clinical characteristics of dyspeptic patients who have been diagnosed with Stomach Qi Deficiency (SQD) using the Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency (SSQD). Methods: This study reviewed the clinical records of 38 patients with dyspepsia who were evaluated with SSQD and EGG at the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital in Seoul, Korea from November 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020. We evaluated the EGG and other clinical characteristics of the SQD patients to determine if there was an association between the SSQD scores and the EGG. Results: In terms of the EGG, the SQD patients showed no significant increase in the percentage of normal slow wave after a meal and a slightly decreased power ratio at Channel 1 and Channel 2. We also found an association between the SSQD scores and the EGG parameters at Channel 1 and Channel 3. The average Ryodoraku score of the patients was 33.00±14.90 (μA). In the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) test, the average Total Power (TP) and Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF)) ratio was 1356.60±13 6.41(ms²) and 1.68±2.25, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that clinicians can use Electrogastrography to enhance accuracy when diagnosing the SQD pattern.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2015

Objectives: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a diagnostic tool for assessing the function of the autonomic nervous system. Although studies on the HRV characteristics of the cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet have been done, no study has compared HRV characteristics of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients to that of normal Korean women. For this reason, this study compared the HRV characteristics of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients and normal Korean women. Methods: We studied 130 cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 01 March 2011 to 11 August 2013. We measured HRV of Each patient. Patients are divided into under 29 years old, 30~39 years old, 40~49 years old and over 50 years old with age. Patient's HRV results are compared to that of normal Korean women in each age group. Results: In each age group, cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients' LF/HF was statistically lower than that of normal Korean women. Conclusions: HRV characteristics and symptoms of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet is similar to that of cold induced vasodilation (CIVD). So, cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet can be considered as abnormal condition that CIVD is continued. More studies on measuring of blood flow of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet patients are necessary.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.86-103
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyse the domestic trends of Traditional Korean Medicine on Hot flush in menopausal women. Methods: We searched six databases and selected relevant papers according to the criteria. Results: 12 papers included case report, literature review, randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), Non-RCTs, and retrospective chart analysis study design. 1. The daily diary, Kupperman's Index, Menopause Rating Scale, Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging were used as a measure of the symptoms of hot flush. 2. There were significant correlations between Thermographic images, Pulse energy, Lifestyle Habits, Low frequency power/High frequency power (LF/HF) ratio and certain items of Menopausal Symptoms Measurement. 3. The case report using Er-Xian decoction and Hwangryunhaedoktang-Gamibang showed significant effect. 4. Domestic RCT studies using herbal or acupuncture treatments showed a significant value of 3.4 on average in the quality assessment conducted in the study. However, the number of domestic studies included was five, which is not enough compared to foreign countries. Conclusions: This study examined domestic research trends on hot flushes of menopausal women and found that various evaluation tools and diagnostic methods were applied. It is necessary to conduct various RCT studies in Korea, where the number of studies is insufficient compared to overseas.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.400-404
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• 2007

본 연구는 밭 토양에 계분, 돈분, 우분 및 톱밥을 혼용하여 부숙시킨 계분톱밥,돈분톱밥 및 우분톱밥퇴비 등 성상이 상이한 가축분퇴비 6종을 각각 매 년 $3ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$를 4년간 연용한 토양에서 탄소 분획 변화를 파악하고자 실시하였다. 가축분퇴비 4년 연용 후 토양 탄소함량의 증가율은 톱밥을 혼용하지 않은 계분, 돈분 및 우분퇴비 시용구는 25-30% 증가 한 반면, 우분톱밥퇴비구(COMS)를 비롯한 톱밥혼용퇴비 처리구 증가율은 40%를 상회하였다. Light Fraction(LF)의 탄소함량 변화는 모든 처리구에서 2년차 이후 급격히 증가하는 추세를 보였으며, 반면, Heavy Fraction(HF)의 탄소함량은 톱밥 혼용퇴비보다 순수 가축분퇴비를 연용한 처리구가 증가량이 많았다. 이러한 결과는 톱밥이 혼용된 가축분 퇴비보다 톱밥을 혼용하지 않은 순수가축분 퇴비가 분해보다 빠름으로 인해 비교적 안정된 탄소형태로의 전환도 많아졌다고 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

Parkinson's disease is one of the typical neurodegenerative disease and it is caused by the destruction of substantia nigra in brain leading to lack of dopamine secretion, and it presents 4 major motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness, postural instability. Furthermore, it causes many non-motor symptoms such as anosmia, REM sleep conduct disorder, orthostatic hypotension, dementia and autonomic ataxia such as lack of adjusting blood pressure, hyperhydrosis, constipation. Dopaminergic therapy is the most commonly used strategy, but long term treatment of levodopa induce various adverse effects. Thus, many people are focusing on new therapies other than established therapies, and there are many tries and approaches with paradigm shift. Our medical team was able to get 4 cases of PD patients who are hospitalized in our hospital, treated by Whole Body Gi-Hyeol Therapy consisting of acupuncture therapy, herbal therapy, and mental therapy, and their conditions improved in perspective of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and Quality of life. Among all 4 cases, UPDRS score and quality of life score is gotton better, and among 2 cases SDNN, RMS-SD, TP, LF, HF scores are finely increased. And PDQ-39 score which shows quality of life is also improved. However, in spite of these improvements and positive results, there were no meaningful improvement in a hurt from a fall which is important to the aged, muscular atrophy which causes bone fracture and SMI(Skeletal Muscle Mass Index) which is indicator of osteoporosis. Thus, supplementary treatment about Whole Body Gi-Hyeol Therapy such as more active nutrition intervention, safe and effective kinesitherapy is needed, and from now on continuous case reports and systematic clinical research which has control group must be carried out.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.582-596
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• 2019

Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze the deficiency-excess pattern identification (虛實辨證) and compare it to the sputum cytokines of asthma patients. Method: 50 asthma patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: deficiency and excess syndrome groups. Sputum examinations were performed including $TNF-{\alpha}$, Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA), the Visual Analog Scale(VAS), and heart rate variability (HRV) were also measured. We also conducted laboratory tests, including the hematological indexes. Results: Based on the pattern identification, 50 asthma patients can be divided into two categories of groups: the deficiency syndrome group (N=24) and the excess syndrome group (N=26). In the analysis of sputum cytokines, although the $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and IL-13 were at a higher level in the deficient pattern group than in the excess pattern group, it was insignificantly different. There was a negative correlation in the analysis of QLQAKA and VAS. In the analysis of HRV, although the mean value of VLF, LF, and HF in the deficiency syndrome group was higher than in the excess syndrome group, it was insignificantly different. There was no significant difference in the hematological tests between the deficiency and the excess syndrome group. The mean value of the IgE in the blood tests was five times greater than the reference value. Conclusion: The cytokines of sputum including $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were indifferent statistically. Reinforcing the healthy and eliminating the pathogenic factors should be considered.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

Objective : This empirical research is performed to recognize diagnostic concept, pattern identification, and clinical features of Hwa-byung. In other words, the aims of this research are to examine the differences of the diagnosis between Hwa-Byung and the other psychiatric disorders, and to find out pattern identification, and clinical characteristics of Hwa-Byung for prescriptions of this syndrome. Method : In the experiment, there were participated 30 patients who were met for our criterions according to HBDIS (Hwa-Byung Diagnostic interview Schedule). These patients were diagnosed as Axis1 according to criterions of DSM-IV with administering SCID-I. OMS-prime was utilized for finding out pattern identification of oriental medicine. Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), Hemilton rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and Digital Infrared Thermographic imaging(D.I.T.I.) were also utilized to discover clinical characteristics of Hwa-Byung Patients. Results : 1. Regarding Sex-ratio, male subjects were 3(10%), and female subjects are 27(90%). The age of subjects ranged from 22 year old to 75 $(51.87{\pm}11.04;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$ 2. In the results of diagnosis on the basis of DSM-IV, the 17(56.67%) patients were MOD (Major Depressive Disorder), the 5(16.67%) patients were USD (Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder), the 4(13.33%) patients were Dysthymic Disorder, the 3(10%) patients were GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), and the 1(3.33%) was Panic Disorder. Two of the patients who diagnosed as MOD were diagnosed as Panic Disorder too, and one of them was diagnosed as Pain Disorder too. 3. Regarding pattern identification, Hwa-Byung is positively correlated to deficiency of Heart(心). and then to stagnancy of Liver-Gall bladder. Hwa-Byung is correlated deficiency symptom-complex rather than excessiveness symptom-complex. That is also correlated positively to Pathological heat and fire. 4. In SCL90-R, the mean of PSDI was $(75.3{\pm}10.7;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$. The each mean of the other 11 factors was distributed between50-70. 5. The mean of HRSD was $(17.9{\pm}5.6;\:Mean{\pm}SD)$ in the entire subject's group. Then the group of MDD was $20.9{\pm}4.4$ and the group of USD was $12.0{\pm}4.8$ 6. In the results of HRV. the mean of TP is $972.4{\pm}1174(Mean{\pm}SD)$, this is lower than normal range 1000-200. The other factors were within normal range. Then, there were no significant differences between them (p<0.05). 7. The temperatures of each acupoint have significant differences between HNl(印堂) and PC6(內關), between CV17(顫中) and PC6(內關), between HN1(印堂) and CV8(神闕), between CV17(顫中) and CV8(神闕) in comparison with the average of body temperature in the use of D.I.T.I. (p<0.01) 8. In the analysis of correlation between SCL-90-R, HRSD, HRV. and D.I.T.I. there were no significant results. According to results that the correlation was analyzed with only the MDD group as subjects, there was negative correlation between RMSSD of HRV and HRSD, between LF of HRV and PDSIof SCL-90-R, and between LF/HF of HRV and ANX, PSY, and PDSI of SCL-90-R. Conclusion : In the observation of clinical features of 30 cases of Hwa-Byung patients by using diverse structured tests, there could make diverse diagnosis as depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and Somatoform Disorder. Particularly. MDD was highly distributed. Considering oriental medicine's pattern identification of Hwa-Byung, this syndrome is related strongly to Heart, and there were demonstrated deficiency symptom-complex, and Pathological heat and fire. One of the limits of this study is lack of control subject's group, therefore, in the future study, it requires reexamination through a comparative research with these data to complete this study.