• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2013

Maintenance Access Hatches are used to ensure urban safety and aesthetics while facilitating the management of power lines, telecommunication lines, and gas pipes. Such facilities necessitate affordable and effective surveillance. In this paper, we propose a FiCHS (Fixed Cluster head centralized Hierarchical Static clustering) routing protocol that is suitable for underground maintenance hatches using WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technology. FiCHS is compared with three other protocols, LEACH, LEACH-C, and a simplified LEACH, based on an ns-2 simulation. FiCHS was observed to exhibit the highest levels of power and data transfer efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1647-1652
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• 2008

The PEGASIS protocol is more effective about energy consumption more than LEACH in USN environment. However, PEGASIS is weakness enemy in change of sensor network net composition because It changes BS node frequently. Therefore, we propose new routing protocol that use Sub-Cluster Chaining to solve this problem in this paper. It can reduce overhead that happen in election of middle node doing so and reduce energy consumption. Also, It can supplement limitation that PEGASIS has. This is treatise shows that new protocol that propose than existent PEGASIS through simulation is superior.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical issue because batteries are used for operation and communication. In terms of scalability, energy efficiency, data integration, and resilience, WSN-cluster-based routing algorithms often outperform routing algorithms without clustering. Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a cluster-based routing protocol with a high transmission efficiency to the base station. In this paper, we propose an energy consumption model for LEACH and compare it with the existing LEACH, advanced LEACH (ALEACH), and power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) algorithms in terms of network lifetime. The energy consumption model comprises energy-sensitive cluster formation and a cluster head selection technique. The setup and steady-state phases of the proposed model are discussed based on the cluster head selection. The simulation results demonstrated that a low-energy-consumption network was introduced, modeled, and validated for LEACH.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.62-70
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• 2015

The energy of a sensor in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) puts a limit on the lifetime of the network. To prolong the lifetime, a clustering plan is used. Clustering technology gets its energy efficiency through reducing the number of communication occurrences between the sensors and the base station (BS). In the distributed clustering protocol, LEACH-like (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy - like), the number of sensor's cluster head (CH) roles is different depending on the sensor's residual energy, which prolongs the time at which half of nodes die (HNA) and network lifetime. The position of the CH in each cluster tends to be at the center of the side close to BS, which forces cluster members to consume more energy to send data to the CH. In this paper, a protocol, pseudo-LEACH, is proposed, in which a cluster with a CH placed at the center of the cluster is formed. The scheme used allows the network to consume less energy. As a result, the timing of the HNA is extended and the stable network period increases at about 10% as shown by the simulation using MATLAB.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

Recently, lot of researches for the multi-level protocol have been done to balance the sensor node energy consumption of WSN and improve the node efficiency to extend the life of the entire network. Especially in multi-hop protocol, a variety of models have been proposed to improve energy efficiency and apply it to WSN protocol. In this paper, we analyze LEACH algorithm and propose new method based on center of local clustering routing algorithm in wireless sensor networks. We also perform NS-2 simulation to show the performance of our model.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1728-1742
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• 2023

In this paper, we extended a hierarchical clustering technique, which is the most researched in the sensor network field, and studied a dynamic differential clustering technique to minimize energy consumption and ensure equal lifespan of all sensor nodes while considering the mobility of sinks. In a sensor network environment with mobile sinks, clusters close to the sinks tend to consume more forwarding energy. Therefore, clustering that considers forwarding energy consumption is desired. Since all clusters form a hierarchical tree, the number of levels of the tree must be considered based on the size of the cluster so that the cluster size is not growing abnormally, and the energy consumption is not concentrated within specific clusters. To verify that the proposed DDC protocol satisfies these requirements, a simulation using Matlab was performed. The FND (First Node Dead), LND (Last Node Dead), and residual energy characteristics of the proposed DDC protocol were compared with the popular clustering protocols such as LEACH and EEUC. As a result, it was shown that FND appears the latest and the point at which the dead node count increases is delayed in the DDC protocol. The proposed DDC protocol presents 66.3% improvement in FND and 13.8% improvement in LND compared to LEACH protocol. Furthermore, FND improved 79.9%, but LND declined 33.2% when compared to the EEUC. This verifies that the proposed DDC protocol can last for longer time with more number of surviving nodes.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and written below the author information. Use th In Wide-area Wireless Sensor Networks, network lifetime is short due to energy consumption due to transmission distance. To improve this, we divide the sensor field into layers and reduce transmission distance through multi-hop transmission. However, there is a problem in that the transmission rate drops because there is no Cluster Head in the layer, or the transmission distance increases due to the layer, and energy is wasted. There are DL-LEACH and EDL-LEACH as Protocols to improve this. DL-LEACH uses either single-hop transmission or multi-hop transmission depending on the situation. As a result, the transmission distance is optimized, thereby reducing energy consumption. In case of EDL-LEACH, it is proposed to improve the data rate in DL-LEACH. It is the same as DL-LEACH, but the Cluster Head is mandatory for all layers to improve the transmission rate. Although there is no Cluster Head for each layer, the transmission rate is improved, but the network life is shortened. In this paper, we try to improve the network lifetime while maintaining the EDL-LEACH transmission rate. The shortened network lifetime is due to Cluster Head overload near the base station. To improve this, the Cluster Head distribution method is improved and the network lifetime is improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06d
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• pp.310-312
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• 2006

일반적인 센서 네트워크 환경과 달리 이동성을 중시하는 환경에서의 무선 센서 네트워크는 에너지 효율성, 동적 자기구성, 이동성에 적합하도록 개발되어야 한다. 이러한 환경에서의 센서 네트워크 응용은 고정 노드와 이동 노드가 혼재되어 있는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 이동 노드 지원을 위한 'LEACH-Mobile' 프로토콜을 제안한다. LEACH-Mobile프로토콜은 노드의 움직임에 따라 토폴로지가 변화할 때, 이동하는 노드가TDMA 스케줄에 따른 시간 슬롯에서 특정 클러스터 헤드 노드와 통신이 가능한지의 여부로서 클러스터의 멤버가 될 노드를 결정하고 클러스터를 재구성한다. LEACH-Mobile 프로토콜의 시뮬레이션 결과는 이동 노드가 증가함에 따라 이동성을 지원하지 않는 기존의 LEACH 프로토콜에 비해 데이터 전송 성공률 면에서 명확한 성능 향상을 가져오는 것을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1295-1298
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• 2006

일반적인 센서 네트워크 환경과 달리 이동성을 중시하는 환경에서의 무선 센서 네트워크는 에너지 효율성, 동적 자기구성, 이동성에 적합하도록 개발되어야 한다. 이러한 환경에서의 센서 네트워크 응용은 고정 노드와 이동 노드가 혼재되어 있는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 이동 노드 지원을 위한 'LEACH-Mobile' 프로토콜을 제안한다. LEACH-Mobile프로토콜은 노드의 움직임에 따라 토폴로지가 변화할 때, 이동하는 노드가TDMA 스케줄에 따른 시간 슬롯에서 특정 클러스터 헤드 노드와 통신이 가능한지의 여부로서 클러스터의 멤버가 될 노드를 결정하고 클러스터를 재구성한다. LEACH-Mobile 프로토콜의 시뮬레이션 결과는 이동 노드가 증가함에 따라 이동성을 지원하지 않는 기존의 LEACH 프로토콜에 비해 데이터 전송 성공률 면에서 명확한 성능 향상을 가져오는 것을 보여준다.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

It is very important to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by using their limited energy efficiently, since it is not possible to change or recharge the battery of sensor nodes after deployment. LEACH protocol is a typical routing protocol based on the clustering scheme for the efficient use of limited energy. It is composed of a few clusters, which consist of head nodes and member nodes. Though LEACH starts from the supposition that all nodes have data transferred to a head, there must be some nodes having useless data in actual state. In this paper we propose a power saving scheme by making a member node dormant if previous sensed data and current data is same. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with original clustering algorithms. Simulation results validate our scheme has better performance in terms of the number of alive nodes as time evolves.