• 제목/요약/키워드: LDW system

검색결과 8건 처리시간 0.025초

멀티코어 상의 AUTOSAR 플랫폼을 활용한 차량용 LDW 응용 서비스 개발 (Development of Vehicle LDW Application Service using AUTOSAR Platform on Multi-Core MCU)

  • 박미룡;김동원
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.113-120
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    • 2014
  • 본 논문은 최근 각광을 받고 있는 차선 이탈 알림 서비스인 LDW(Lane Departure Warning)와 같은 안정성 서비스를 제공하기 위하여, 비대칭 멀티코어 플랫폼을 구성한다. 멀티코어 플랫폼은 고속 영상처리를 담당하는 고속영상 MCU(Micro Controller Unit) 코어와 안정적인 제어를 요하는 곳에 저속 제어 MCU코어를 사용하는 멀티코어 H/W 플랫폼상에 AUTOSAR S/W플랫폼을 포팅하고, AUTOSAR 개발방법론에 따른 MBD(Model Based Development) 기반 모델을 활용하여 LDW 소프트웨어 컴포넌트(SW-C)를 설계하고 동작을 검증한다. 또한 고속 영상 MCU와 저속 제어 MCU간에는 가상화 기법을 사용하지 않고 타이머 기반 공유 메모리를 이용한 폴링 기법의 IPC(Inter Processor Communication) 기능을 개발하고, 외부 타 ECU(Electronic Contol Unit)와의 CAN 통신기능을 개발하여 알람 신호, 차량 시뮬레이션 신호와 같은 제어 신호 송수신을 처리할 수 있도록 AUTOSAR S/W 플랫폼을 적용한다. 본 연구를 통하여 고속 및 저속 비대칭 멀티코어상에 AUTOSAR가 탑재된 ECU 기능 개발이 가능함을 확인함으로써, ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System)와 같은 다양한 응용 서비스들을 제공할 수 있게 되며, ISO 26262로 대변되는 차량 기능안정성 확보가 가능하게 된다.

첨단경고장치가 사업용 차량 운전자의 운전행태에 미치는 영향 분석 (Identifying the effects of advanced warning devices on the driving behaviors of commercial vehicle drivers)

  • 박재영;김도경
    • 한국도로학회논문집
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.137-146
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    • 2018
  • PURPOSES : This study aims to analyze how the installation of advanced warning devices affects individual drivers' driving behaviors with operating record data collected from 100 vehicles. METHODS : With collected data, the changes in individual drivers' driving behaviors, such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW), were investigated with respect to the cumulative distance traveled and driving time. For the analysis, operating record data collected from 100 vehicles for seven months were used. RESULTS : The results showed that individual drivers' driving behaviors could be categorized into six different types. In addition, most of the drivers showed unstable warning patterns in the initial stage after installation of an advanced warning device. Approximately 40% of vehicles equipped with advanced warning systems were found to have positive effects, indicating that the frequencies of both FCW and LDW had been continuously decreasing after installation of the system. CONCLUSIONS : The warning device might be helpful for making drivers' driving behaviors safer. Driving behaviors during the initial stage of the system installation, which might be regarded as an adaptation phase, were found to be very unstable compared with normal situations, indicating that adequate education and training should be provided to all the drivers to prevent operator disruption at the initial installation of the system.

에지분포함수 기반의 차선이탈경보 알고리즘 (A Lane Departure Warning Algorithm Based on an Edge Distribution Function)

  • 이준웅;이성웅
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.143-154
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    • 2001
  • An algorithm for estimating the lane departure of a vehicle is derived and implemented based on an EDF(edge distribution function) obtained from gray-level images taken by a CCD camera mounted on a vehicle. As the function of edge direction, the EDF is aimed to show the distribution of edge direction and to estimate the possibility of lane departure with respect to its symmetric axis and local mamma. The EDF plays important roles: 1) It reduces noisy effects caused by dynamic road scene. 2) It makes possible lane identification without camera modeling. 3) It also leads LDW(lane departure warning) problem to a mathematical approach. When the situations of lane departure such that the vehicle approaches to lane marks or runs in the vicinity of the lane marks are occurred, the orientation of lane marks in images is changed, and then the situations are immediately reflected to the EDF. Accordingly, the lane departure is estimated by studying the shape of the EDF. The proposed EDF-based algorithm enhanced the adaptability to cope with the random and dynamic road environments, and eventually led to the reliable LDW system.

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VGG-13 기반의 경량화된 딥러닝 기법을 이용한 차선 이탈 경고 시스템 구현 (Implementation of Lane Departure Warning System using Lightweight Deep Learning based on VGG-13)

  • 강현우
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제24권7호
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    • pp.860-867
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    • 2021
  • Lane detection is important technology for implementing ADAS or autonomous driving. Although edge detection has been typically used for the lane detection however, false detections occur frequently. To improve this problem, a deep learning based lane detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. This algorithm is mounted on an ARM-based embedded system to implement a LDW(lane departure warning). Since the embedded environment lacks computing power, the VGG-11, a lightweight model based on VGG-13, has been proposed. In order to evaluate the performance of the LDW, the test was conducted according to the test scenario of NHTSA.

다기능 전방 카메라 개발을 위한 영상 DB 구축 방법에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Image DB Construction for the Multi-function Front Looking Camera System Development)

  • 기석철
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2017
  • This paper addresses the effective and quantitative image DB construction for the development of front looking camera systems. The automotive industry has expanded the capability of front camera solutions that will help ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System) applications targeting Euro NCAP function requirements. These safety functions include AEB(Autonomous Emergency Braking), TSR(Traffic Signal Recognition), LDW(Lane Departure Warning) and FCW(Forward Collision Warning). In order to guarantee real road safety performance, the driving image DB logged under various real road conditions should be used to train core object classifiers and verify the function performance of the camera system. However, the driving image DB would entail an invalid and time consuming task without proper guidelines. The standard working procedures and design factors required for each step to build an effective image DB for reliable automotive front looking camera systems are proposed.

Camera Vision 기반 주행안전 시스템 구현에 관한 연구 (The research of implementing safety driving system based on camera vision system)

  • 박화범;김영길
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제23권9호
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    • pp.1088-1095
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    • 2019
  • 최근 발전되고 있는 정보통신 IT 기술은 자동차 시장에도 큰 영향을 미치며 발전하고 있다. 근래에는 운전자의 안전성과 편의성을 위해 IT 기술이 접목된 장치들이 장착되고 있다. 하지만 편의성이 증가된 장점과 함께 운전자의 주의 분산으로 인해 교통사고를 증가시키는 단점도 가져오게 되었다. 이러한 사고를 미연에 방지하기 위해 여러 방식과 종류의 안전시스템 개발이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 두 개 이상의 센서를 이용한 레이더센서 와 카메라 융합 방식 및 Stereo Camera 방식을 이용하지 않고 하나의 단일 Camera를 이용하여 주/야간 차선이탈 경보 및 장애물 및 보행자 인식이 가능한 플랫폼을 구현 하고 차량에서 인식률 평가 및 유효성을 분석 하여 단일 카메라를 이용한 다기능 주행안전 플랫폼 연구를 제안 한다.

차선이탈경고장치(LDWS) 이용자 만족도 평가 연구 (Evaluating Effectiveness of Lane Departure Warning System by User Perceptions)

  • 주신혜;오철;이재완;이은덕
    • 대한교통학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 첨단안전장치의 운전지원장치중 하나인 차선이탈경고장치(Lane Departure Warning System; LDWS)의 이용자 만족도 분석에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내 실제 화물자동차 이용자를 대상으로 차선이탈경고장치를 보급하여 사용후 차선이탈경고장치의 사용만족도 및 교통사고예방효과등을 설문조사를 수행하였다. 설문분석을 통해 차선이탈경고장치의 효과를 이용자 중심 측면에서 분석하였다. 대부분 장거리 운전자가 응답대상이 되었으며, 사고발생의 경우 장시간 운전으로 인해 졸음운전등에 위험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 교차분석 결과, 사용만족도는 평균주행거리, 경고제공시기, 차로이탈검지정확성, 날씨에 따른 검지정확성, 곡선도로주행시 검지정확성, 경고제공방식만족도와 관련성이 높은 것으로 도출되었다. 또한, 교통사고 예방효과는 경고제공시기, 차로이탈 검지정확성, 날씨에 따른 검지정확성, 속도에 따른 검지정확성, 곡선도로주행시 검지정확성이 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석결과 사용만족도는 곡선도로에서의 경고정보시스템 정확성이 이용만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 추후 LDWS와 같은 첨단장비를 장착한 차량들의 확대 보급시 교통안전 효과분석을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것이다. 또한 차로이탈경고장치의 연구 및 보완시 도출된 변수에 초점을 맞춘다면 장치의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 LDWS기능 및 성능 개선을 위한 평가방법 개발에도 연구결과가 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Performance of Drip Irrigation System in Banana Cultuivation - Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

  • Kumar, K. Nirmal Ravi;Kumar, M. Suresh
    • Agribusiness and Information Management
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2016
  • India is largest producer of banana in the world producing 29.72 million tonnes from an area of 0.803 million ha with a productivity of 35.7 MT ha-1 and accounted for 15.48 and 27.01 per cent of the world's area and production respectively (www.nhb.gov.in). In India, Tamil Nadu leads other states both in terms of area and production followed by Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. In Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district had special reputation in the cultivation of banana in an area of 5765 hectares with an annual production of 2.01 lakh tonnes in the year 2012-13 and hence, it was purposively chosen for the study. On $23^{rd}$ November 2003, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has commenced a comprehensive project called 'Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP)', first of its kind in the world so as to promote water use efficiency. APMIP is offering 100 per cent of subsidy in case of SC, ST and 90 per cent in case of other categories of farmers up to 5.0 acres of land. In case of acreage between 5-10 acres, 70 per cent subsidy and acreage above 10, 50 per cent of subsidy is given to the farmer beneficiaries. The sampling frame consists of Kurnool district, two mandals, four villages and 180 sample farmers comprising of 60 farmers each from Marginal (<1ha), Small (1-2ha) and Other (>2ha) categories. A well structured pre-tested schedule was employed to collect the requisite information pertaining to the performance of drip irrigation among the sample farmers and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was employed to analyze the performance of drip irrigation in banana farms. The performance of drip irrigation was assessed based on the parameters like: Land Development Works (LDW), Fertigation costs (FC), Volume of water supplied (VWS), Annual maintenance costs of drip irrigation (AMC), Economic Status of the farmer (ES), Crop Productivity (CP) etc. The first four parameters are considered as inputs and last two as outputs for DEA modelling purposes. The findings revealed that, the number of farms operating at CRS are more in number in other farms (46.66%) followed by marginal (45%) and small farms (28.33%). Similarly, regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, the other farms are again more in number with 61.66 per cent followed by marginal (53.33%) and small farms (35%). With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farms dominate the scenario with 57 per cent followed by others (55%) and small farms (50%). At pooled level, 26.11 per cent of the farms are being operated at CRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.6138 i.e., 47 out of 180 farms. Nearly 40 per cent of the farmers at pooled level are being operated at VRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.7241. As regards to scale efficiency, nearly 52 per cent of the farmers (94 out of 180 farmers) at pooled level, either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Majority of the farms (39.44%) are operating at IRS and only 29 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS. This signifies that, more resources should be provided to these farms operating at IRS and the same should be decreased towards the farms operating at DRS. Nearly 32 per cent of the farms are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of resources. Log linear regression model was used to analyze the major determinants of input use efficiency in banana farms. The input variables considered under DEA model were again considered as influential factors for the CRS obtained for the three categories of farmers. Volume of water supplied ($X_1$) and fertigation cost ($X_2$) are the major determinants of banana farms across all the farmer categories and even at pooled level. In view of their positive influence on the CRS, it is essential to strengthen modern irrigation infrastructure like drip irrigation and offer more fertilizer subsidies to the farmer to enhance the crop production on cost-effective basis in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study further suggests that, the present era of Information Technology will help the irrigation management in the context of generating new techniques, extension, adoption and information. It will also guide the farmers in irrigation scheduling and quantifying the irrigation water requirements in accordance with the water availability in a particular season. So, it is high time for the Government of India to pay adequate attention towards the applications of 'Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its applications in irrigation water management' for facilitating the deployment of Decision Supports Systems (DSSs) at various levels of planning and management of water resources in the country.