• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.887-892
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• 2003

The effects of liquid culture of Agaricus blazei Murill on the body weight gain, lipid metabolism, protein levels, and enzyme activities were studied in growing male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups ; control group (A. blazei free water), 20 or 30% A. blazei groups (20 or 30% A. blazei in water) according to the levels of A. blazei supplementation. The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental beverage for 5 weeks. The body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, and organ weight of the 20 or 30% A. blazei groups were similar to those of the control group. There were no differences in the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total protein and albumin, and the activities of GOT, GPT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase of the serum among the experimental groups. The calcium and phosphorus concentrations of serum in the 20 or 30% A. blazei group were significantly decreased compared with those of the control group. The concentrations of LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index of the 20 or 30% A. blazei groups were significantly lower than those of the control group, but the serum HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was higher. These results showed that the 20 or 30% A. blazei feeding decreased the LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index, and increased HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in serum of rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.697-705
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing dietary fat on plasma lipoprotein in young Korean women. During the three weeks of experimental periods, 8 healthy college women consumed a regular diet, a medium fat diet and a high fat diet for one week, consecutively. The percentages of fat from energy intake in the subjects on the regular, medium, and high fat diets were 20, 29 and 38%, respectively. Our data showed that the dietary intakes of fat and cholesterol had an influence on the plasma lipoprotein. The medium fat diet enhanced the blood glucose concentration and the plasma HDL, and the high fat diet resulted in increases in the blood glucose concentration and the plasma LDL as well as HDL. Also the type of diets led to changes in the composition of lipoprotein. When on the medium fat diet, HDL and LDL had higher phospholipid content. On the high fat diet, LDL had higher phospholipid, cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and HDL included higher cholesterol content.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1993

Among the many deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB], deterioration of plasma lipoprotein is a significant problem. Break-down of lipoprotein releases free fatty acids into the systemic circulation which, in turn, can cause microembolism. This study conducted on 30 patients undergoing CPB, was designed to elucidate the changes of plasma lipoproteins during and after CPB. Blood samples were taken at pre-CPB, on-CPB 30 minutes and 60 minutes, postoperative 1st, 3rd, 7th days. The levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured and lipoprotein was subdivided into three kinds on electrophoresis. During CPB, the amounts of plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly and were recovered to pre-CPB levels after postoperative third day. There was no significant correlation between the duration and the severity of decrease in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. During CPB, the fraction of VLDL decreased and that of LDL increased. After cessation of CPB, the fraction of LDL decreased and that of HDL increased. After postoperative 1st day, the fraction of HDL decreased and that of LDL increased.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.686-696
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• 1997

This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the serum lipid levels of children living in Pusan in 1996. The distribution of age is from 2 years old to 12 years old. In female children mean total cholesterol is $171.4{\pm}26.2mg/dl$, triglyceride is $104.7{\pm}50.6mg/dl$, HDL-cholesterol is $54.4{\pm}14.8mg/dl$, and LDL-cholesterol is $95.4{\pm}32.9mg/dl$. In male children mean total cholesterol is $167.9{\pm}25.2mg/dl$, triglyceride is $6{\pm}45.5mg/dl$, HDL-cholesterol is $55.4{\pm}11.7mg/dl$, and LDL-cholesterol is $94.4{\pm}23.6mg/dl$. The percentile of serum lipid levels is measured in children. The 95th percentile of serum total cholesterol is 210mg/d1 in male children, and 214mg/d1 in female children. And, the 95th percentile of serum triglyceride is 184mg/d1 in male children, and 191mg/d1 in female children. And, the 95th percentile of LDL-cholesterol is 133mg/d1 in male children, and 135mg/d1 in female children. Serum total cholesterol is positively .Elated to age(r=0.18), height(r=0.08), weight (r=0.17), obesity index(r=0.12), and negatively .elated to father's education level (r=-0.13), mother's education level(r=-0.13). Serum triglyceride is positively related to weight(r=0.23), age(r=0.31) and negatively .elated to father's education level(r=-0.12), mother's education level(r=-0.18). Serum HDL-C was positively reated to mother's education level(r=0.07) and negatively .elated to height(r=-0.12), weight(r=-0.09). Conclusively, the serum lipid levels of children living in Pusan is generally so high that the family and school must try to control the serum lipid levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.642-650
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• 1996

Apo E polymorphism (e2, e3, e4) was among the first reported genetic polymorphism that explained part of the normal variation in plasma cholesterol concentrations. Both alleles E2 and E4 are significantly more frequent in patients with mixed forms of hyperlipidemia and contribute on the observed differences in CHD risk among different populations. Effects of apo E polymorphism on the distribution of plasma lipid profiles were studied in 105 normolipidemic healthy women. The relative frequencies of common alleles for gene locus of apo E in this study were that E3 allele was 0.848, E4 allels was 0.087, and E2 allele was 0.067. SBP and DBP were slightly more elevated in E2 allele than those in E3 and E4. The pulsation was also significantly (p<0.016) increased by E2 allele with excess body fat % in E2 allele. There were no differences in total-, total HDL-, VLDL+LDL-, VLDL- and LDL cholesterol among the apo E alleles. However, apo E2 allele subject had lower level of total HDL and HDL2 cholesterol (P<0.047) and significantly higher lev디 of HDL3 cholesterol (P<0.05) than those in apo E3 and E4 allele subject. The conclusion is that first, it seems that apo E4-mediated alteration through LDL B/E receptors or E receptors in cholesterol metabolism results in lower plasma TG or remanate particles and in higher levels of VLDL+LDL or LDL. Second, apo E2 allele shows reciprocal effects of E4 on the plasma lipid metabolism, respecitvely. Third, apo E2 allele was more atherogenic than apo E4 because the higher levels of HDL3/HDL2 ratio and atherogenic index[(TC-HDL)/HDL]were criticized.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, curry and mustard, has anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. In this study; we investigated the hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherogenic effect of curcumin in rabbits. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding high cholesterol diet to male rabbits for 30 days, and the animals were then fed high cholesterol diet containing 0.1% (w/w) or 0.5% (w/w) curcumin for additional 30 days. Supplementation of 0.l% curcumin tended to lower serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and inhibit serum lipid peroxidation. In the 0.5% curcumin-supplemented group, serum total cholesterol was significantly lowered by 11.7%, LDL-cholesterol by 12.8% and lipid peroxidation by 47.9% compared to the control group. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents were also significantly lowered by 50.6% and 37.4%, respectively compared to the control group. Lipid staining of the arteries isolated from the curcumin-treated rabbits showed that curcumin significantly decreased formation of fatty streaks and atheromatous plaques on the intima of the arteries. These results demonstrated that curcumin lowered serum cholesterol concentration, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and accumulation of cholesterol in the artery These cholesterol lowering effects of curcumin, together with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, may play some important roles in preventing atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang(traditional fermented soybean food, CK) and cheonggukjang added Agaricus blazei (CKA) on lipid metabolism were investigated in female Sprague-Dawley rats (20 weeks old). The rats were fed a purified hyperlipidemic diet (control diet: 0.1% cholesterol, 10% fat, 18% casein) for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group: control, two kinds of CK or CKA (powders of CK or CKA as dietary protein sources). After 8 weeks of experimental diets consumption, the body weights, and the uterine fat pad weights of CK and CKA diets groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control diet group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both the CK and CKA diets groups than those in the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the CK and CKA diets group s compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were significantly increased in the CK and CKA diets groups compared with those in the control group. The fecal cholesterol and triglyceride excretion in the CK and CKA diets groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that both the feeding the rats with cheonggukjang and cheonggukjang added Agaricus blazei decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.352-357
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• 2006

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ leaves, stems, roots (ACL, ACS, ACR) on the change of weight and the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced Dy high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed with normal diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed with high fat diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACL of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACS of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample C group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACR of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A group, Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly decreased the serum total lipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. Sample A group was decreased the body weight (4 weeks, 7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol level, the serum triglyceride level, the serum free fatty acid and phospholipid level but increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. Sample B group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum free fatty acid and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. 4. Sample B group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 5. Sample C group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4 weeks) and the serum free fatty acid level in comparison with Control group. 6. Sample C group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest ACR is able to be used for the obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.410-415
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• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang (traditional fermented soybean food, CK) and cheonggukjang added Phellinus linteus (CKP) on lipid metabolism were investigated in adult male rats. Twenty weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified hyperlipidemic diet (control diet: 0.5% cholesterol, 10% fat, 18% casein) for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group control, two kinds of CK or CKP (powders of CK or CKP as dietary protein sources) After 5 weeks of CK or CKP diets consumption, the body weights, the hepatic and epididymal fat pad weights of the CK or CKP diets groups were significantly decreased than those of the control group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both the CK and CKP diets groups than those in the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the CK and CKP diets groups compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were significantly increased in the CK and CKP diets groups compared with those in the control group. Fecal cholesterol and triglyceride excretion of the CK and CKP diets groups were significantly increased than those of the control group. These results showed that both the feeding of cheonggukjang and cheonggukjang added Pheilinus linteus decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum of the rats.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation diets of pine needle powder on performance, proximate composition, carcass characteristics, blood cholesterol concentration, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), WHC (water holding capacity), and shear force of chicken meat. Broiler chicks were fed diets for five weeks containing 0% pine needle powder (Control), 0.3% pine needle powder (T1), 0.6% pine needle powder (T2), and 0.9% pine needle powder (T3). Performance was no significant difference among treatment groups, but mortality was decreased in diets by the supplementation of pine needle powder than that of T1 and control. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash were no significant difference. The liver weight and abdominal fat was significantly decreased by the supplementation of pine needle powder compare to the T1 and control (P<0.05). The total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration of control was higher than treatment groups, and the HDL-cholesterol concentration and glucose of control was lower than treatment groups (P<0.05). The TBARS value was significantly decreased by the supplementation of pine needle compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate that 0.6% pine needle powder supplementation (T2) was most effective in decreasing mortality, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increasing HDL-cholesterol concentration.