• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2003

Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. This is due to primarily dyslipidemia accompanying the loss of estrogen secretion. Soy isoflavones are known to have weak estrogenic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether isoflavone supplement improves the risk of cardiovascular disease in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Subjects consisted of 39 Korean postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗ or LDL cholesterol $\geq$ 130 mg/㎗). Subjects were divided into 2 groups; placebo group (PG), isoflavone supplement group (IG). During 12 weeks, subjects were given placebo and 80mg isoflavone daily. Anthropometric measurement, blood sample analysis and dietary intake measurement were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (p ＜ 0.01) and plasma HDL cholesterol level was increased significantly (p ＜ 0.05) in IG. But there were no significant changes in plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels after isoflavone supplementation. There was a negative correlation between initial plasma HDL cholesterol level and the extent of plasma HDL cholesterol reduction in IG (r＝-0.572, p＝0.012). Atherogenic index (AI), total-/LDL- cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were improved significantly after isoflavone supplementation. In subjects whose initial plasma LDL cholesterol level were above 160 mg/㎗, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level were decreased and total antioxidant status (TAS) were increased significantly after isoflavone supplement (p ＜ 0.05). However there were no significant changes in flow-mediated dilator (FMD), the marker of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitroglycerine-mediated dilator (NMD), the marker of endothelium-independent vasodilation and the extent of DNA damage after isoflavone supplement. In conclusion, these results indicate that isoflavone supplement may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease via improving blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level and AI in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Futhermore, in case of subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol level, isoflavone supplementation may have more antiatherogenic effects via improving antioxidant status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1984

Twenty three healty women on self - selected diet were given 800IU of tocopherol daily for 4 weeks. The levels of tocopherol in plasma and red blood cells( RBC ) and total choles terol, TG, HDL- chol, HDL subfractions and lipoprotein pattern in serum were determined pre-and postregimen at 2 and 4 weeks. No significant change was noted in VLDL, LDL, HDL fraction and LDL/HDL ratio separated by electrophoresis, even though HDL fraction was decreased at 2 wk but slightly increased at 4 wk. There were also no significant changes in the relative amount of HDL-chol and VLDL-chol when cholesterol content of each lipoprotein fraction was assayed. A transient increase in LDL-chol was observed at 2 wk but returned to the pretreatment level. Plasma and RBC tocopherol levels were significantly ( p ^lt;0.05 ) increased and decreased respectively, at both 2 and 4 wk, and LDL-chol was positively correlated to plasma tocopherol level ( p<0.05 ) but not to RBC tocopherol. However HDL-chol fractionated by heparin-Mn was increased at 2 and 4 wk by a significant increase in $HDL_{2}$-chol but no change in $HDL_{3}$-chol, which resulted in a significant reduction of $HDL_{3}$/HDL ratio and increase of $HDL_{2}/HDL$ and $HDL_{2}/HDL_{3}$ ratios. HDL- chol was negatively correlated to the levels of LDL-chol ( p<0.05), VLDL-chol (p<0.01), and T-chol/HDL ratio ( p<0.01 ). Serum TG was significantly decreased ( p <0.05 ) but total cholesterol was decreased only at 4 weeks.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2018

소아청소년기의 이상지질혈증 유병율이 증가함에 따라 이에 대한 조기발견과 관리에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 소아청소년의 성별과 연령에 따른 공복 혈청 지질 농도의 분포를 살펴보고, 참고 범위 설정을 위한 백분위수 값을 검토하여 이상지질혈증 진단기준과 비교해 봄으로써 참고범위의 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 2013년부터 2016년까지 총 4년에 걸친 국민건강영양조사 자료에서 10세 이상 20세 미만 연령의 소아청소년 총 2,711명(남자 1,436명, 여자 1,275명)의 데이터를 대상으로 하였다. 총콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, 중성지방의 평균 공복 혈중 농도는 모두 남아보다 여아에서 더 높았다. 총 콜레스테롤 농도의 95백분위수에 해당하는 값은 남아의 경우 200 mg/dL로 95백분위수와 일치하는 수준이었고, 여아의 경우 208 mg/dL로 나타나 90~95백분위수 사이에 해당하였다. LDL 콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, 중성지방의 95백분위수는 남아의 경우 각각 123, 148, 147 mg/dL였으며, 여아의 경우 각각 131, 149, 139 mg/dL였다. 대부분의 지표는 90~95백분위수 범위 내의 적절한 수준으로 나타났다. 반면에 LDL 콜레스테롤 130 mg/dL 기준은 남아에서, 중성지방의 기준은 여아에서 다소 높은 수준이라 판단되었다. 향후 연구대상자 및 자료를 보완하여 우리 실정에 좀 더 적합한 기준 정립이 필요하다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid components and enzyme activities in the serum of streptozotocin(STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced hyperglycemic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglycerides(TG) and phospholipids(PL) in serum were remarkably higher in the hyperglycemic group(group BSW) and STZ(I.P.)+chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation group(group ECW) than those in the control group(group BW, basal diet+water). However the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, tree cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were lower in the ECW group than in the BSW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the ECW group were higher than in the BSW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and aminotransferase(AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the ECW group than in the hyperglycemic BSW group. The results shown above suggested that chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation effectively improves blood glucose, lipid composition and enzyme activities in the sera of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Cynanchum wilfordii extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid components in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and streptozotocin(STZ) -induced diabetic rats(S.D. strain, ♂) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-Cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were significantly higher in the cholesterol administration groups((group 2(cholesterol+water), 4(cholesterol+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract)) than those in the control group (group1 , basal diet+water). But the concentrations of total cholesterol. atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL- cholesterol. free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were remakably lower in the group 4 than those in the group 2. In the STZ(55mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic groups((group 3(STZ, IP.)+water), 5(STZ(IP.)+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract? the serum total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose concentrations actions were rather lower in the group 5 than those in the group 3. In the ratio of HDL -cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Cynanchum wilfordii extract administration groups were higher percentage than III the groups 2 and 3. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum were rather lower in the Cynanchum wllfordii extract administration groups (group 4,5) than in the cholesterol diet group(group 2) and STZ-induced diabetic group (group 3). From the above research, the physiological activity substances in Cynanchum wllfordii were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. And particularly, physiological activity substance in Cynanchum wilfordii was more effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.883-889
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• 2008

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been identified as an important component of atherosclerosis. In this study, the effects of supplementation with cholesterol (0.5%), olive oil (5%) and vitamin E (0.05%) on erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol, HDL-LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol, brain and liver MDA and GSH concentrations of rats were investigated. A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 6 months, and of equal body weight were used and fed a standard ration ad libitum. Animals were housed in the University of Selcuk, Veterinary Faculty Experimental Animals Unit. The experiment lasted 60 days and there were five experimental groups as follows: 1. Control, 2. Cholesterol (0.5%), 3. Olive oil (5%), 4. Cholesterol plus vitamin E (0.05%), 5. Olive oil plus vitamin E (0.05%). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and erythrocyte GSH, plasma MDA, cholesterol, HDL-LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol and also GSH and MDA concentrations in brain and liver tissue of rats were spectrophotometrically determined. Supplementation of olive oil and cholesterol into rat diets (groups 2 and 3) caused significant differences in lipid parameters; HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased in the olive oil group and LDL cholesterol was lower than in the cholesterol fed group. Moreover, these decreases in LDL and triacylglycerol concentrations were more significant with vitamin E supplementation. The high plasma MDA concentrations showed that lipid peroxidation occurred in the olive oil group and the highest brain MDA concentrations were determined also in the olive oil group. These findings suggest that vitamin E addition may decrease the sensitivities of several oils to oxidation and that monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil may decrease the incidence of atherosclerosis by regulating blood lipid profiles.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.201-204
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• 2003

Plasma lipoproteins transporting cholesterol through blood vessels are divided into three major classes, VLDL, LDL, and HDL. The ratio of HDL cholesterol over the total can be used as an indicator for prognosis of coronary artery diseases. In this study, we have developed two analytical systems for %HDL cholesterol with different flow modes toward gravity and analyzed them for their characteristics and performances.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2007

This study was planned to investigate the role of Berberis lycium in reducing serum cholesterol in broilers. Six experimental rations designated as A, B, C, D, E and F having 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% Berberis lycium were fed to 240 broiler chicks, randomly distributed into 24 replicates, so as to have 4 replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Average serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were used as criteria of response. Average total serum cholesterol per chick was 129.33, 120.50, 116.50, 113.00, 101.67 and 114.00 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Total serum cholesterol showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). Mean serum triglyceride level per chick was 60.00, 58.17, 58.00, 55.33, 50.17 and 48.50 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Mean serum triglyceride showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride was significantly lower in group F than other groups. Mean HDL per chick for the six experimental groups A, B, C, D, E and F was 52.08, 53.42, 60.42, 62.25, 62.92 and 54.50 mg/dl respectively. HDL showed increasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2%. The average serum LDL per chick was 65.25, 55.45, 44.48, 39.68, 28.72 and 49.80 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. LDL also showed decreasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). It was concluded that Berberis lycium added to feed at the rate of 2.0% can be used in broiler feed for reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL and increasing HDL.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the herbal extract mixture of Cnidium officinale, Petasites japonicus and Coptis chinensis (CPC) on the lipids metabolism in mice with tyloxapol. ICR mice weighing between 30-40 g were divided into four groups: normal group, 600mg/kg tyloxapol injected group, $50\;{\mu}g/g$ CPC treated group 6h after tyloxapol injection (SAM1), and tyloxapol and CPC treated group (SAM2), respectively. Tyloxapol or CPC was injected intraperitoneally. Tyloxapol caused an elevation of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides(TG), and LDL-cholesterol and a decrease of HDL-cholesterol. In addition, tyloxapol induced accumulation of lipid including cholesterol in both the liver and kidney. Serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol were decreased whereas HDL-cholesterol was increased by CPC. CPC increased in HDL-cholesterol /total cholesterol ratio and lowered atherogenic index. The levels of TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol by CPC were rather lower in SAM2 than SAM1. CPC also inhibited lowering HDL-cholesterol by tyloxapol. CPC reduced lipid blots and cholesterol particles in both the deposition and size in the liver and kidney with tyloxapol. These results suggest that CPC might be expected to be beneficial for protection and treatment of hyperlipidemia by the disturbance of lipid metabolism.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.430-438
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract and fucoidan components on chronic degenerative diseases. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats (210$\pm$5g) were fed experimental diets: Dasi-Ex group: dasima extract powder of 4.0% added to control diet; Fuco-I, II and III groups: fucoidan powder of 1, 2 and 3% added to Dasi-Ex group for 45 days. Triglyceride (TG) levels in serum were significantly lower (10~15%) in Fuco-I, II and III groups compared with control group. Total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased (7~10% and 15~ 35%) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of Fuco-II and III group compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol levels were remarkably decreased (20~30%) in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups, but HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased (10~12%) in Fuco-II and III groups only compared with control group. The ratios of HDL/total cholesterol resulted in a marked increase (3 5~55%) in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups, but atherogenic indices were remakably decreased (40~50%) in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups compared with control group. Membrane fluidities were remarkably increased (45~70% and 38~42%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of Fuco-II and III groups compared with control group. Administrations of fucoidan added to dasima effectively decreased TG, total and LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index, while also effectively increased HDL-cholesterol, HDL/total cholesterol ratio, and membrane fluidity, suggesting chronic degenerative diseases were very effectively prevented by the administration of fucoidan component.