• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to develop a research protocol that provides standardized conditioning stimuli in effectively evoking emotion-specific responses in children. The protocol targets five specific emotions(i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, distress, and boredom) by introducing study participants to a combination of music, color, stories, and dolls. This research protocol also includes a self-report emotion assessment scale specially developed for this study to verify the types of emotion induced. Evaluation of the method entailed triangulation of the results from the subjects' self-reported emotional state corresponding to each conditioned stimulus as well as behavioral observations conducted by researchers. Findings suggest that this new protocol effectively evokes five emotions in correspondence to the way it was intended for appropriate emotion induction. Additionally, results showed that female children than male children are more likely to feel boredom; and school-aged children were more likely to react to sadness than pre-school children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2005

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects on growth performance, meat quality parameters and fatty acids of meat by restricted diet amount on finishing Berkshires. A total of 180 pigs (Berkshire, initially 52 kg BW) at 100 days of age were allotted in arrangement in a completely randomized design (10 pigs per pen), blocked arrangement of treatments with 3 replications. The variables were market ages (180, 200 and 220 days) and in which was also included sex (gilts and barrow). All the pigs were restrictively fed so that day could be marked at 103 kg. Pork quality was evaluated from 4 pigs of each treatment. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were decreased (p<0.05) with age increase. The ratio of feed to gain was increased (p<0.05) at 200 and 220 days compared to that of 180 days. Moisture and crude protein of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) at 180 days were increased (p<0.05) compared to 200 and 220 days. Crude fat was increased (p<0.05) by age and crude ash was lower (p<0.05) at 180 days than at 220 days. Red to green meat color scale (CIE a$^{*}$) increased (p<0.05) at 200 and 220 days more than at 180 days. Regarding fatty acid composition in meat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) was increased more (p<0.05) at 220 days than at 180 and 200 days. The results indicate that even with a restricted diet of low nutrient supplement, there was an improvement in Berkshire meat quality parameters.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2012

Crab-like flavorants (CFs) were made from snow crab cooker effluent (SCCE) using response surface methodology (RSM) and reaction flavoring technology (RFT). Type A CF was made from SCCE via RSM, RFT, adding starch syrup, centrifugation, and microfiltration. Type B was made from type A by adding the food additives dimethyl sulfide, ethyl valerate and fish sauce. The stability of the CFs was evaluated in terms of the color values, sensory evaluation, and flavor profiles after storage for 90 days at three different temperatures: 10, 20, and $30^{\circ}C$. The compounds, ethanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, were considered key components of off-flavor and a decrease in dimethyl-2-vinylpyrazine affected the occurrence of off-flavor. It may be a microbial metabolite arising from contamination and lab-scale micro-filtration. At the lowest temperature ($10^{\circ}C$), the decrease in volatile compounds, such as pyrazines, was not as dramatic as at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ and alcohol formation was prevented or delayed. Therefore, it is necessary to store CFs at < $10^{\circ}C$ with suitable sterilization to preserve volatile flavor compounds and prevent off-flavor from occurring.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2000

전기아연도금강판은 표면이 미려하고 희생방식력이 뛰어나기 때문에 주로 자동차와 가전, 건자재 등에 많이 사용된다. 현재 냉연 표면처리 제품들은 연속도금공정에 의해 생산되고 있으며 고전류밀도에 의한 고속생산과 도늠액 제조와 조성이 비교적 단순해야 하는 여러 가지 이유로 염산욕과 황산욕을 가장 많이 사용하고 있다. 최근에 신설된 당사의 전기도금공정은 수직형으로 황산욕에서 불용성 양극을 채용하여 아연을 전기도금하고 있다. 일반적으로 황산욕은 염산욕 대비 전기 전도성이 나빠 과전압이 크게 걸리므로 불용성 양극을 사용하여 극간 거리를 최소화할 필요가 있다. 그러나 $Ir0_2$가 코팅된 불용성 양극은 가격이 비싸기 때문에 극간 거리를 너무 짧게 하면 깡대에 의해 손상을 받을 수가 있어 극간 거리를 줄이는데 한제가 있다. 따리서 용액의 전도도들 증가시켜 과전합을 줄이기 위해서는 타사에서 현재 사용하고 있는 황산나트륨, 황산칼륨, 황산암모늄 등에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 전기전도 보조제들은 용액의 전기전도도 뿐만 아니라 도금층의 외관 및 미세구조에도 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 황산나트륨, 황산암모늄의 농도를 변화시켜 표면외관, 한계전류밀도, 미세구조, 우선배향성 등을 조사하여 최적의 물성을 갖는 아연 도금층을 얻기 위한 조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 전기아연도금용 소재로는 두께 0.8mm이고 크기가 $100{\times}120mm$인 중저탄소강 (0.02% C)을 사용하였으며 전처리 과정으로 탈지와 산세를 행하고 현장 도금액을 사용하여 다음과 같은 조건 하에서 아연도금을 행하였고 극간전합을 측정하였다. 도금 후 표면의 미세구조는 SEM을 사용하여 관찰하였으며 표면외관 특성을 분석하기 위해 광택도계(Tri- Microgloss-60-85)를 이용하여 입사각 $60^{\circ}$ 에서 광택도를 측정하였고, 색차계(Color Quest II Hunter Lab.)를 사용하여 백색도를 각각 측정하였다. 또한 X선 회절기를 이용하여 도금층의 우선 배향성을 분석하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2001

A series of poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene-alt-3-alkyl-2,5-thienylenevinylene)s (alkyl = hexyl [PPV-alt-6-TV] and octyl (PPV-alt-8-TV] group) have been synthesized by the Heck coupling reaction. These polymers were characterized using $^1$H-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TCA). They are solvent processible and have obviously copolymeric structure. The photophysical properties of the polymers were investigated using UV-visible and steady-state photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. We studied the change of light-emitting properties by incorporating the thiophene group into the PPV polymer backbone using alternating copolymer system. The properties of two synthesized polymers are very similar, but they exhibited apparent changes of light-emitting properties compared with other PPV backbone based polymers. The broad absorption bands from 350 to 570 nm are due to $\pi$-$\pi$* transitions of the polyconjugated systems. The absorption maxima of the two polymers were found at about 452 and 448 nm for PPV-alt-6-TV and PPV-alt-8-TV, respectively. The copolymers showed broad PL spectra between 550 and 700 nm without vibronic bands and PL emission maxima of PPV-alt-6-TV and PPV-alt-8-TV are about 620 and 605 nm, respectively. The copolymers exhibited the red emission (PPValt-6-TV), but more red shifted emissions are needed to obtain real red color.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 1968

The small type piroplasma which is known to be prevailing in Korean cattle was injected to un-susceptible hosts such as mice, guinea pigs, rats, rabbits, fowls and developing chicken eggs by i.v., i.p, and intra C.A.M. routes, and its morphological development in each animal species was observed. 1. The small type piroplasma of cattle did not produce any pathogenicity in the experimental animals such as mice, guinea pigs, rats, rabbits, fowls and developing chicken embryos. However, only a partial sign for developing cycle of the organism was observed in the peritoneal fluid. The schizogony of protozoa was not detected in any organs of the inoculated animals. 2. In the animals inoculated, the parasites of I-III types, relative to the process of time in the host, have changed their shapes into IV-VI types and then VI-X types however, the type X was not restored to the type I. In guinea pigs, more grape type was detected then X type in number, and in process of time, the shape was changed from round to elliptic, and the pointed end of the organism appeared in flesh color. 3. None of the organisms were found from the blood stream of inoculated animals excepts only a few piroplasma as were found in the experimental mice shortly after inoculation or i.v. route, No protozoa was also found in the organs of the animals autopsied. 4. The form change of protozoa was more clear in these animals than that in susceptible host. The most piroplasmas have changed their forms into VI-X types 30 hours after inoculation and were dispersed from R.B.C. Tracing of piroplasrna beyond this stage was not attempted. 5. The small type piroplasma comprises in I. X types and it is further believed that VII-X types which were freed from one cell proceeded to invade others. The from of development resembles to the small type of piroplasma which is prevailing in Japan.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

Baculum elongatum has several peculiarities such as parthenogenesis, unique external features, changing body color, and dropping oviposition, which makes it a potential economically useful insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization by the sperm of males. The oviposition period was $42.2{\pm}22.7$ days and the number of eggs per female was $109.5{\pm}70.5$ eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at $25^{\circ}C$ and 66.7% after low temperature treatment ($8^{\circ}C$ for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but it can be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. The hatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves. The developmental period was $100.9{\pm}4.2$ days for eggs, $55.3{\pm}4.6$ days for nymphs, and $49.7{\pm}16.0$ days for adults. The length of the eggs was $0.33{\pm}0.0$ cm and the lengths of the nymphs were clearly distinguishable according to the instar stage. Clover(Trifolium repens) was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternative diet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing 25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, a natural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercus aliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or an alternative diet such as clover or artificial diet.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2006

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the development of the anammox process by the use of granular sludge selected from a digestion reactor as a potential seed source in a lab-scale UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor system. The reactor was operated for approximately 11 months and was fed by synthetic wastewater. After 200 days of feeding with $NH_4^+\;and\;NO_2^-$ as the main substrates, the biomass showed steady signs of ammonium consumption, resulting in over 60% of ammonium nitrogen removal. This report aims to present the results and to more closely examine what occurs after the onset of anammox activity, while the previous work described the start-up experiment and the presence of anammox bacteria in the enriched community using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. By the last month of operation, the consumed $NO_2^--N/NH_4^+-N$ ratio in the UASB reactor was close to 1.32, the stoichiometric ratio of the anammox reaction. The obtained results from the influent-shutdown test suggested that nitrite concentration would be one key parameter that promotes the anammox reaction during the start-up enrichment of anammox bacteria from granular sludge. During the study period, the sludge color gradually changed from black to red-brownish.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2007

As a basic study for the development of pilot-scale distillation process of waste photoresist strippers from semiconductor industry, lab-scale experiments for the recovery of NMP (N-methy1-pyrrolidione) and BDG (Butyldiglycol) from waste photoresist strippers have been made using a spinning band vacuum distillation column. Purities of NMP and BDG obtained from the present experiments were higher than 99.5%. Furthermore, water content was less than 1000 ppm, color grade(APHA) less than 50, most metal contents except sodium less than 1 ppb. Those results indicate that NMP and BDG reclamed by distillation satisfy the their specifications required for the formulation of new photoresist strippers. Recovery rate of NMP and BDG was 96 and 53%, respectively, for type A, and 93 and 57%, respectively, for type B waste PR stripper solution.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various marination processes on the quality characteristics of chicken breast prepared with chicken feet gelatin and wheat fiber. The chicken feet gelatin was swollen with hydrochloric solution (0.1 N HCl, pH $1.31{\pm}0.02$) and dehydrated by freeze-drying. The composition (w/w) of the marinade was water (10%), soy sauce (12%), phosphate (0.3%), wheat fiber (1.5%), and chicken feet gelatin (1.5%). Three samples of chicken breast were manufactured with Tumbler (only tumbler), Tenderizer (tenderizer and tumbler), and Injector (injector and tumbler). The water content of the Injector sample was significantly higher than those of the Tumbler and Tenderizer samples (p<0.05). During heating, the lightness of all chicken breasts increased and the redness decreased. The tumbling and cooking yield of the Injector sample were significantly higher than those of the Tumbler and Tenderizer samples (p<0.05). The shear force of the Tenderizer sample was significantly lower than that of the Tumbler and Injector samples (p<0.05). No significant differences, except for color, were observed in the sensory analysis of the samples. Thus, the proper selection of mechanical processing is important to improve the quality characteristics of marinated chicken breast, considering the types of final products.