• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.69-72
• /
• 1993

Effects of topical application with 1, 5 and 10 ${\mu}$g/ml testosterone on the precocooning and post cocooning traits of the polyvoltine. Pure Mysore breed of silkworm were studied. Each concentration was treated independently at 36th to III, IV and V instar larvae(Treatment-1), at 48th to IV and V instar larvae(Treatment-2_ and at 72th to V instar larvae(Treatment-3). The repeated application with each concentration of testosterone propionate in treatment, and 2 larvae or single application in treatment 3 variously affected the precocooning and post cocooning traits. Repeated applications of all doses of testosterone propionate(Treatment-1) and single application of 1 & 5 ${\mu}$g of the chemical(Treatment-3) increase the fecundity and decrease the percentage of cocooning and moth emergence.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 2017

From 2014 to 2016 water quality survey results according to the location and depth of Youngrang Lake are as follows: Distribution of dissolved oxygen in the water depth was investigated by the middle section and the downstream 1st, 3rd, 5th, when investigating bottem 1m interval anoxic layer. In organic matter and nutrient concentration distribution COD upstream 2.8 mg/L, middle section 4.2 mg/L downstream 4.1 mg/L, more than two times higher in bottem layer and TP concentrations showed a similar trend with COD, upstream of 0.047 mg/L, middle section was 0.051 mg/L, downstream of 0.059 mg/L. There was a difference in salinity every survey period the average salinity is lowest with 28.5‰ when the second survey. And the highest with 32.1‰ in the fourth investigation. Korean trophic state index($TSI_{KO}$) were showed eutrophic conditions in the middle section and downstream else showed mesotrophic state in the entire period. In order to evaluate the cause of water pollution Youngrang lake, regression analysis of the relationship between salinity and DO, COD, TN, TP, Chl-a results, $R^2$ is from 0.63 to 0.95 Youngrang lake water quality was found to have a close relationship with salinity due to inflow of seawater. As a result, in order to improve the quality of Youngrang lake efficient incorporation of the amount of water through the seawater influent as it is considered the key.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the livestock nonpoint source pollutant impact on water quality in Namgang dam watershed using the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) model. The input data for the HSPF model was established using the landcover, digital elevation, and watershed and river maps. In order to apply the pollutant load to the HSPF model, the delivery load of the livestock nonpoint source in the Namgang dam watershed was calculated and used as a point pollutant input data for the HSPF model. The hydrologic and water quality parameters of HSPF model were calibrated and validated using the observed runoff data from 2007 to 2015 at Sancheong station. The R² (Determination Coefficient), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient), and RMAE (Relative Mean Absolute Error) were used to evaluate the model performance. The simulation results for annual mean runoff showed that R² ranged 0.79~0.81, RMSE 1.91~2.73 mm/day, NSE 0.7~0.71 and RMAE 0.37~0.49 mm/day for daily runoff. The simulation results for annual mean BOD for RMSE ranged 0.99~1.13 mg/L and RMAE 0.49~0.55 mg/L, annual mean TN for RMSE ranged 1.65~1.72 mg/L and RMAE 0.55 mg/L, and annual mean TP for RMSE ranged 0.043~0.055 mg/L and RMAE 0.552~0.570 mg/L. As a result of livestock nonpoint pollutant loading simulation for each sub-watersehd using the HSPF model, the BOD ranged 16.6~163 kg/day, TN ranged 27.5~337 kg/day, TP ranged 1.22~14.1 kg/day.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.668-683
• /
• 2013

In this study, we investigated the contents of total polyphenol (TP), total flavonoid, and absorbance at 475 nm ($OD_{475}$) which may produced in solid-fermented leaf of Smilax china L. by Aspergillus oryzae as a new functional components with reddish brown color, contents of water soluble substance (WSS), electron donating ability (EDA), Hunter $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values, sensory overall acceptability (OA) and also, the inhibitory activities (XOI and AOI) against partial purified xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) from rabbit liver which were well known to relate the gout, and alcoholic liver disease, respectively in order to optimize water extraction using response surface methodology (RSM). All the $R^2$ values of the second-order polymonials ranged from 0.85 to 0.98, except for the EDA (0.69) and the XOI (0.78). However, the activities of the EDA and XOI were relatively high in the lower concentration of the fermented Smilax china L. leaf. The effects on the water extraction were highest in the concentration, among the dependent variables, and showed significant differences at the 1% level in the TP, TF and WSS contents and the $a^*$, $b^*$ and $OD_{475}$ values, but the OA showed significant differences at the 5% level. The optimal values of AOI, which was the most important functionality in the Smilax china L. that was predicted via RSM, were 59.48% at the 2.19% concentration, a $90.02^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature and a 4.03 minute extraction time ($R^2$: 0.93, p<0.007). The ranges of all the dependent variables of the optimal water extraction were 1.6~1.8% for the concentration, $83{\sim}93^{\circ}C$ for the temperature and 3.4~4.4 minutes for the extraction time; and the optimal water extraction conditions were a 1.7% concentration, an $88^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature and a 3.9-min extraction time.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.4 s.100
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between purification characteristics and hydraulic conditions, and to clarify the basic and essential factors required to be considered in the construction and management of artificial wetland system for the improvement of reservoir water quality. The artificial wetland system was composed of a pumping station and six sequential plants beds with five species of macrophytes: Oenanthe javanica, Acorus calamus, Zizania latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Phragmites australis. The system was operated on free surface-flow system, and operation conditions were $3,444-4,156\; m^3/d$ of inflow rate, 0.5-2.0 hr of HRT, 0.1-0.2 m of water depth, 6.0-9.4 m/d of hydraulic loading, and relatively low nutrients concentration (0.224-2.462 mgN/L, 0.145-0.164 mgP/L) of inflow water. The mean purification efficiencies of TN ranged from 12.1% to 14.3% by showing the highest efficiency at the Phragmites australis bed, and these of TP were 6.3-9.5% by showing the similar ranges of efficiencies among all species. The mean purification efficiencies of SS and Chl-A ranged from 17.4% to 38.5% and from 12.0% to 20.2%, respectively, and the Oenanthe javanica bed showed the highest efficiency with higher concentration of influent than others. The mean purification amount per day of each pollutant were $9.8-4.1\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in BOD, $1.299-2.343\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in TN, $0.085-1.821\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in TP, $17.9-111.6\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in SS and $0.011-0.094\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ in Chl-a. The purification amount per day of TN revealed the hi링hest level at the Zizania latifolia bed, and TP showed at the Acrous calamus bed. SS and Chl-a, as particulate materials, revealed the highest purification amount per day at the Oenanthe javanica bed that was high on the whole parameters. It was estimated that the purification amount per day was increased with the high concentration of influent and shoot density of macrophytes, as was shown in the purification efficiency. Correlation coefficients between purification efficiencies and hydraulic conditions (HRT and inflow rate) were 0.016-0.731 of $R^2$ in terms of HRT, and 0.015-0.868 of $R^2$ daily inflow rate. Correlation coefficients of purification amounts per day with hydraulic conditions were 0.173-0.763 of Ra in terms of HRT, and 0.209-0.770 daily inflow rate. Among the correlation coefficients between purification efficiency and hydraulic condition, the percentages of over 0.5 range of $R^2$ were 20% in HRT and in daily inflow rate. However, the percentages of over 0.5 range of correlation coefficients ($R^2$) between purification amount per day and hydraulic conditions were 53% in HRT and 73% in daily inflow rate. The relationships between purificationamount per day and hydraulic condition were more significant than those of purifi-cation efficiency. In this study, high hydraulic conditions (HRT and inflow rate) are not likely to affect significantly the purification efficiency of nutrient. Therefore, the emphasis should be on the purification amounts per day with high hydraulicloadings (HRT and inflow rate) for the improvement of eutrophic reservoir withrelatively low nutrients concentration and large quantity to be treated.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.487-497
• /
• 2001

Investigated data on Lake Okjeong were used for the simulation of water quality. According to the simulation results, the effective scheme of water quality management on reservoir has been proposed. It has been recognized that the water quality of Lake Okjeong is under eutrophic and mesotrophic condition even though there are seasonal variation. The water quality of lake is mainly affected by the inflow of pollutant load from watershed. Therefore, to estimate and quantify the accurate amounts of pollutants flowing into reservoir is absolutely necessary for the effective management of water quality on Lake Okjeong. When the pollutant load measured during 7 different rainy periods in 1999 was compared with total pollutant load in 1999. TN and TP measured during 7 different rainy periods showed almost 50% of total pollutant load. In case of SS, it was 72.8%. On the other hand, the rainfall amount measured during the 7 different rainy periods was about 17.5% of total rainfall amount in 1999. Release rate of TP shows 11.92 mg/L at fish farm site and 0.2∼1.9 mg/L at monitoring station of water quality on Lake Okjeong, and which is considered to be less than that of other foreign reservoirs under the circumstances of anoxic condition. For the effective management of water quality on Lake Okjeong. WASP5 water quality simulation model has been applied and verified, and the verified model was used to propose the effective scheme of water quality management. In this case, 6 different scenarios were applied, by changing the amount of inflow of pollutant load in each subbasin. The most effective scheme has turned out that pollutant load generated from Imsil and Gwanchon subbasin should be reduced, and the best way to improve the water a quality is to reduce the pollutant load at every subbasin. According to the simulation result, wastewater treatment facility should be located at every subbasin.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.107
• /
• pp.213-226
• /
• 2004

The present study was conducted to analyze the pattern of eutrophication of Korean reservoir with Chl. a concentration and morpho-physical parameters, and to valuate water quality characteristics of the classified types. The collected data from 486 reservoirs were classified as four types, with the Chl- a concentration (25 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) and the ratio of water storage/surface area (mean depth, 7.5 m). According to OECD criteria and trophic state index based on Chl-a concentration, 34.3 and 72.8% of selected reservoirs appeared to be eutrophic, respectively. Characteristics of TYPE ll reservoirs generally showed high Chl-a concentration, relatively old age, small DA/LA ratio, short Hydraulic retention time, large paddy field and field to watershed ratio, and high pollutant loading compared to other types of reservoirs. The difference of TP concentration was greater than that of TN concentration in reservoir water among classified four types. Based on TN/TP ratio (by weight), phosphorus was limiting nutrient in all types and more closely related with Chl- a concentration than nitrogen. Significant decrease of Chl- a concentration with increase of TN/TP ratio observed only in reservoirs with Chl-a concentration > 25${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. Although drainage area is believed to be a factor that is related to the generation load of pollutants in the watershed, it did not show any significant relationship with water quality parameters. Morphometric characteristics such as depth and age of reservoir as well as type of land use patterns in the watershed was among important parameters for the assessment of water quality characteristics in Korean reservoirs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2008

Objective : Bone cement leakage is a well-known potential complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in patients with osteoporotic compression fracture. Even though there has been a controversy in the efficacy of antecedent venography to prevent this complication, many authors have performed intra osseous venography before bone cement injection. The goal of this study was to classify the venous drainage patterns of spine before PVP, and compare their patterns at different vertebral levels. Methods : The authors retrospectively reviewed 1,042 intraosseous venographic patterns in 321 patients with 574 osteoporotic compression fractures during six-year period in one institution. To classify venogram patterns, we selected simple lateral X-ray of spine taken immediately after injection of the contrast dye. We classified the venography patterns according to contrast leakage pattern and leakage direction as follows; trabecular (TR), trabecular anterior (TA), trabecular posterior (TP), trabecular anterior-posterior (TAP), trabecular lateral (TL), venous anterior(VA), venous posterior (VP), venous anterior-posterior (VAP), soft tissue (ST). Also, we compared venogram patterns according to different spinal levels. Results : In overall, the most common pattern was TP type accounting for 37.4% (390/1042) of all intraosseous venograms. This is followed by TAP in 21.5%, TR 17.4%, TA 116%, TL 5.8%, ST 4.1%, VA 1.2%, VP 0.6%, and VAP 0.4% in descending order of frequency. According to the spinal level, TR and TAP types were most common in thoracic spine (T6-T10), TP type was most common in thoraco-Iumbar spine (T11-L2), and TP and TAP types were most common in lumbo-sacral spine (L3-S1). Contrast dye leakage to soft tissue such as psoas muscle or disc were detected in 43 (4.1%) venograms. Direct venous drainage without staining of vertebral body was found in 23 (2.2%) venograms. The 8.3% of thoracic venogram showed direct venous drainage. Thoracic level showed a more tendency of direct venous drainage than other spine levels (p<001). Conclusion : The authors propose a new classification system of intra osseous venography during PVP. The trabecular-posterior (TP) type is most common through all spine, and venous-filling (V) type was most frequent in thoracic spine. Further study would be necessary to elucidate the efficacy of this classification system to prevent bone cement leakage during PVP.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.485-489
• /
• 2016

Objective: to investigate the effect and side effects of recombinant human interleukin - 11 (rhIL - 11, in Chinese Juheli, produced by Qi Lu Biotechnology CO., LTD) in the second prevention of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia (CIT). Methods: Cancer patients with CIT were recruited and were treated with rhIL - 11 (treatment phase, TP), and in the following cycle, all these patients administered with rhIL - 11 24 hours immediately after chemotherapy (preventive treatment phase, PTP). Duration and severity of thrombocytopenia between two phases were compared. Results: for patients in TP or PTP, nadir values of platelet were ($29.28{\pm}20.08){\times}10^9/L$ and ($45.24{\pm}19.66){\times}10^9/L$, duration of thrombocytopenia in TP and PTP was ($11.52{\pm}4.33$) and ($8.20{\pm}+2.77$)days, recovery time was ($19.40{\pm}3.89$)and ($13.44{\pm}3.02$)days, duration of rhIL - 11 administration was ($10.68{\pm}2.46$)and ($6.28{\pm}1.77$)days, number of patients needing platelet infusion was 16and4 respectively, all differences were statistically significant (p value were 0.007, 0.002, 0.000, 0.000, 0.034 respectively). For TP and PTP, number of patients with hemorrhage was 8 and 4, duration of bleeding was ($5.00{\pm}0.82$) and ($4.50{\pm}0.71$) days respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Adverse reactions mainly included fever, edema, arrhythmia, joint pain, fatigue, skin rash, headache, dizziness, etc., all were not statistically significant between TP and PTP. Conclusion: rhIL - 11 could be well tolerated and is effective that could reduce the duration, severity of CIT, platelet transfusion, and incidence of bleeding, as well as shorten the recovery time, duration of rhIL - 11 administration. Thus, rhIL - 11 could be commended in the second prevention of CIT for patients with cancer.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2013

The methods to separate and remove copper in the mixed solution ((399 ppm Cu, 208 ppm Fe, 15.3 g/L Ni, 2.1 g/L Co) with nickel, cobalt and iron were investigated. With hydroxide precipitation method, copper and iron ions were completely precipitated and removed from the solution at pH 7 while some nickel and cobalt also were precipitated. 99.75% copper could be precipitated and removed as copper sulfide from the solution with adding $Na_2S$ (1.25 w/v concentration) of 2 times equivalent of Cu at pH 1. Copper was selectively absorbed on TP 207 ion exchange resin at equilibrium pH 2.0 and could be eluted from copper-loaded resin using 5% $H_2SO_4$.