• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2012

Recent studies have shown that the stop system of Korean is undergoing a sound change in terms of the two acoustic parameters, voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (f0). Because of a VOT merger of a consonantal opposition and onset-f0 interaction, the relative importance of the two parameters has been changing in Korean where f0 is a primary cue and VOT is a secondary cue in distinguishing lax from aspirated stops in speech production as well as perception. In English, however, VOT is a primary cue and f0 is a secondary cue in contrasting voiced and voiceless stops. This study examines how Korean English learners use the two acoustic parameters of L1 in producing L2 English stops and whether the sound change of acoustic parameters in L1 affects L2 speech production. The data were collected from six adult Korean English learners. Results show that Korean English learners use not only VOT but also f0 to contrast L2 voiced and voiceless stops. However, unlike VOT variations among speakers, the magnitude effect of onset consonants on f0 in L2 English was steady and robust, indicating that f0 also plays an important role in contrasting the [voice] contrast in L2 English. The results suggest that the important role of f0 in contrasting lax and aspirated stops in L1 Korean is transferred to the contrast of voiced and voiceless stops in L2 English. The results imply that, for Korean English learners, f0 rather than VOT will play an important perceptual cue in contrasting voiced and voiceless stops in L2 English.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.9-21
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• 2021

This study investigated whether Korean learners improve acoustic cue weights to identify Korean lenis and aspirated stops in the direction of native values through perception training that focused on contrasting the stops in various phonetic contexts. Nineteen native Chinese learners of Korean and two native Korean instructors for the perception training participated in the experiment. A training group and a non-training group were divided according to pretest results, and only the training group participated in the training for 5 days. To estimate the perceptual weights of the stop cues, a pretest and a posttest were conducted with stimuli whose stop cues (F0 and VOT) were systematically manipulated. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed on each learner's test results to calculate perceptual β coefficients, which estimate the perceptual weights of the acoustic cues used in identifying the stop contrast. The training group showed a statistically significant increase of 0.451 on average in the posttest for the coefficient values of the F0, which is the primary cue for the stop contrast, whereas the non-training group showed an insignificant increase of 0.246. The patterns of change in the F0 use after training varied considerably among individual learners.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2007

The aims of this study were to examine the acoustic features of Korean and Japanese vowels, and to determine whether new phones that do not have counterparts in Japanese or similar phones that have counterparts improve more from learning. This study consisted of three parts. In Experiment I, a speech production test was performed to observe the acoustic features of Korean and Japanese vowels. In Experiment II, the speech production of Korean vowels produced by Koreans, advanced Japanese learners of Korean, and beginning Japanese learners of Korean was investigated. In Experiment III, a speech perception study of Korean vowels produced by the two Japanese learner groups was conducted to observe the effect of learning on acquiring L2 phones. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the similar phones produced by Japanese show more similarity with those of Koreans than new phones in terms of F1 and F2, but Japanese learners of Korean displayed more improvement in new phones from learning.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-30
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of teacher's perception about the nutrition education of elementary schooL The results of this study were as follows. Most of the teachers responded that nutrition education necessitate in curriculum of elementary school, the main reason for necessity of nutrition education was for proper growth, they thought starting period of nutrition education was to begin when children are in a kindergarten and a infant home. The perception for a suitable person to teach the nutrition education showed dietician, parents, class teacher and a related teacher in oder and the time of that is a related class, as a spare time at everyday, a special activity time, and service a meal in order. Importances of the contents of a nutrition education were proper eating habits, growth and nutrition, a food hygiene and a disease in order. Problems of elementary students' nutrition were a unbalanced eating, a ingestion a processing and instant food too much, lack of table manner, fatness and a weak child in order. The most of expected effects through the nutrition education were a good table habits and manners, the way of a efficient nutrition education were a need of link with parents, a need of link the dietician. a teacher's class and training in order. The average score of nutrition knowledge was 6.3$\sim$6.9 out of 10 and teachers of Gwangju scored more higher on nutrition knowledge than teachers of Jeonnam, as they arranged a dietician was so.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to compare the perceptions about hospice and the meaning of life between the participants and non-participants of the hospice volunteer education program. Method: Descriptive survey research design was used. Participants were 63, and the data collecting period was from October to December, 2006. Instrument developed by Jung-Hee Kim(1990) and Eun-Ja Lee(1998) was modified to measure the perceptions about hospice. To measure the meaning of life, P.I.L (Purpose In Life) instrument by Crumbaugh and Maholick(1969) was utilized. The data were analyzed using $X^2-test$, t-test and Pearson-Correlation Coefficient. Results: 1. The participants in the hospice volunteer education program demonstrated higher perception scores about hospice than the non-participants (t=5.193, p= .001). 2. The program participants also showed higher scores of the meaning of life than non-participants (t=3.084, p=.005). 3. The perception about hospice and the meaning of life had positive correlation (r= .46, p= .01). Conclusion: Therefore, hospice education program must be established in a continual and systematic way in order to standardize the hospice system in Korea.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-89
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• 2012

This paper explored the effects of extensive reading (ER) on Korean university students' L2 reading proficiency and reading rates. This study also illustrated how ER can be integrated into a university English reading class. Seventeen students who took a summer reading course participated in this study. Data were gathered through pre- and post- tests in terms of participants' reading comprehension proficiency and reading rates and post- questionnaire with regard to their attitudes toward L2 storybook reading after they have experienced it. The analysis was carried out using the Paired Samples t-test. It was revealed that ER has a positive effect on the enhancement of the participants' reading comprehension and reading rates. The participants showed their continued intention to read in English and a strong belief that persistent reading in English in the long run will help improve their English. The results of this study confirm the educational values of incorporating ER into university English reading classes. The pedagogical implications for EFL instructors are described.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2011

This study attempts to investigate the interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners (ISIB-L), examining Chinese talkers' production of English liquids and its perception of native listeners and non-native Chinese and Korean listeners. An Accent Judgment Task was conducted to measure non-native talkers' and listeners' phonological proficiency, and two levels of proficiency groups (high and low) participated in the experiment. The English liquids /l/ and /r/ produced by Chinese talkers were considered in terms of positions (syllable initial and final), contexts (segment, word and sentence) and lexical density (minimal vs. nonminimal pair) to see if these factors play a role in ISIIB-L. Results showed that both matched and mismatched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners occurred except for the initial /l/. Non-native Chinese and Korean listeners, though only with high proficiency, were more accurate at identifying initial /r/, final /l/ and final /r/, but initial /l/ was significantly more intelligible to native listeners than non-native listeners. There was evidence of contextual and lexical density effects on ISIB-L. No ISIB-L was demonstrated in sentence context, but both matched and mismatched ISIB-L was observed in word context; this finding held true for only high proficiency listeners. Listeners recognized the targets better in the non-minimal pair (sparse density) environment than the minimal pair (higher density) environment. These findings suggest that ISIB-L for English liquids is influenced by talkers' and listeners' proficiency, syllable position in association with L1 and L2 phonological structure, context, and word neighborhood density.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1998

Objective：Present study investigated the relationship between mothers' self-perception and perception of children's problems. Method：Subjects were 63 children, mothers, who visited child & adolescent psychiatric clinic. Their mothers completed Minnesota Mulpiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) & Korean Personality Inventory for Children(KPI-C). Correlation between validity scales of mothers' MMPI and validity scales of KPI-C was analysed, and then we divided subjects into two group(High & Low Group) according to the MMPI validity scales, and compared KPI-C's validity scales by student t-test. Result：There were significant positive correlation(r=.30) between K scale of MMPI and L scale of KPI-C, significant negative correlation(r=-.32) F scale of MMPI and L scale of KPI-C. The Means of T scores did show significant difference according to MMPI F, K scales in KPI-C L scale, to MMPI L scale in KPI-C F scale. Conclusion：These results indicated that defensive mothers tend to perceive her child's problems more defensively. However mothers who exaggerate their problem more severely, do not exaggerate their children's problem. Therefore, these result suggested that we should be careful not to underestimate children's problem whose mother elevated in K scale of MMPI.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.141-159
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of collocation-based instruction on L2 vocabulary acquisition and learners' interests in it. Fifty one students were randomly assigned to the experimental group (collocation-based instruction group) and to the control group. The participants' English vocabulary capacity was checked through pre and post tests, and two surveys were used to probe the learners' vocabulary learning behaviors and their interests in English vocabulary learning respectively. To better understand the participants' opinions and feelings on the collocation-based learning, follow-up interviews were also carried out. The results showed that second language (L2) learners' vocabulary capacity was significantly improved through collocation-based instruction. However, the participants' degree of interest in vocabulary learning did not reach our expectation partly because of external factors such as the Test for the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) and lack of familiarity of collocations. Such results indicate that the high school students' rooted perception of putting importance on test-based language learning could not be easily changed since it is closely related to their immediate needs. Based on the results, this study suggested how to implement collocations into L2 classrooms effectively.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 1998

A combined PC and TV monitor has been developed in several companies. The characteristics of physical user interface in this monitor are likely to vary from existing monitors. Therefore, two experiments to investigate the physical interface characteristics of this monitor were conducted. The first experiment was to investigate the characteristics of color perception with monitor coating (coating vs. non-coating) and screen brightness (30fL vs. 35fL) in the PC mode. The second experiment was to investigate the characteristics of luminance contrast with monitor coating and image movement (static vs. dynamic) in the TV mode. Twenty-three subjects (male 12, female 11) were participated in this experiment. In the first experiment, average color temperatures were obtained in all experimental conditions. There was a significant difference between coating and non-coating screen at 0.1 level. In the second experiment, average luminance contrasts were obtained in all experimental conditions. There was a significant difference between coating and non-coating screen at 0.05 level. In addition, there was a significant difference between static picture and dynamic picture at 0.1 level.