• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2005

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were regenerated via organogenesis from mature embryonic axes, cultured on MS medium supplemented with ildole-3-ecetic acid (IAA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) for one week in the dark. Embryonic axillary regions were excised, longitudinally cut to split the both sides, and cultured for two weeks on MS medium supplemented with IAA and TDZ. The combination 0.5 mg $l^{-1}$ TDZ/0.5 mg $l^{-1}$ IAA presented the higher efficiency in shoot regeneration and the combination 0.5 mg $l^{-1}$ TDZ/0.25 mg $l^{-1}$ IAA presented the higher efficiency in conversion of shoots to plants. Regenerating explants were transferred to MS medium containing 1 mg $l^{-1}$ BAP for shoot development. All elongated shoots were rooted in vitro, presented normal phenotype and produced viable seeds. Histological analysis confirmed the mode of regeneration as de novo shoot organogenesis.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Isoflavonoid production in cell cultures of Pueraria tuberosa as influenced by an angiospermic parasite, Cuscuta reflexa, was studied. During the time course, maximum isoflavonoid content was recorded when Cuscuta elicitor was added on day 15 of culture. Among various concentrations of elicitor tried, $1g\;l^{-1}$ of Cuscuta elicitor was found to be the most effective. The optimized elicitation conditions were used in vessels of varying capacity where maximum yield of ${\sim}91mg\;l^{-1}$ of isoflavonoid was recorded in a 2-l bioreactor which was about 19% higher than the control cultures. In this case, puerarin content increased up to $11mg\;l^{-1}$ which was 580% higher that the value recorded in the control cultures. In the bioreactor, 8 days of elicitation was optimal for the high accumulation of isoflavonoid, giving productivity of ${\sim}4mg\;l^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. The study showed persistent high isoflavonoid yield even during scale-up. Use of a preparation of Cuscuta reflexa as an elicitor is reported for the first time. The increase in isoflavonoid content was elicitor dose-dependent and can be explored to trigger high yields of isoflavonoid/secondary metabolites in production.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.417-423
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• 2006

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a red algal species, Hypnea flexicaulis that is recently described from Japan, were investigated based on 23 collections from Korea (21), Taiwan (1), and the Philippines (1). Hypnea flexicaulis has percurrent axes with flexuous, antler-like branches which have wide branching angles, and abaxially curved ultimate branchlets. In order to study DNA divergence and phylogenetic relationships of the species, we determined plastid rbcL and mitochondrial cox1 sequences from the 23 collections. All 21 specimens from five different locations in Korea were almost identical to H. flexicaulis from Japan in rbcL sequences. Although there was a difference of three to five base pairs (bp) between samples from Korea and the Philippines or between the Philippines and Taiwan, Bayesian analyses of the rbcL data showed that all specimens from Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan were strongly monophyletic. However, it is interesting that specimens from the Philippines differed by 31-34 base pairs in mitochondrial cox1 gene from those of materials from Korea and Taiwan, which differed by one to seven bp in rbcL between them. Although H. boergesenii is different from H. flexicaulis in having many antler-like branchlets, both appeared as sisters in all analyses of the rbcL data. This is the first report of H. flexicaulis from Korea based on morphology, rbcL, and cox1 gene sequences.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.186-191
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• 2005

Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of galectin-3, a member of family of beta-galactoside-binding animal lectin, is associated with pathological conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, and viral infection. An increase of this lectin has been observed after infection by Kirsten murine sarcoma, human T lymphotropic virus-l (HTLV-l), and human immunodeficiency virus-l (HIV-l). Viral transactivation protein Tax of HTLV-l mediates the increase in the lectin. In case of HIV-1, there are evidences that Tat would be related with increase in galectin-3. We investigated whether Tat directly induced galectin-3 expression in cells. We found that HIV-l tat gene activated galectin-3 promoter in RAW264.7 cells. To demonstrate direct induction of galectin-3 by HIV-l tat, we transfected the tat into a rabbit smooth muscle cell line (Rb1) and obtained RblTatCl-2, a clone of cell stably transfected with tat gene. The Rb1TatCl-2 cells exhibited activation of LTR promoter and up-regulation of galectin-3 transcript as well as protein. Our results indicate that HIV-l tat alone is sufficient to induce the expression of galectin-3. The Rb1TatCl-2 cells could be valuable for study of the effect of HIV-1 tat on expression of cellular genes.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 1998

About 75 strains which utilize cholesterol as sole carbon and energy source were isolated from 10 samples of Kimchi and 18 samples of fermented fish food (2 Ojingo-jeots, salt-fermented squid ; 5 Changran-jeots, salt-fermented pollack tripe ; 5 Myungran-jeots, salt-fermented Alaska pollack roe ; 3 Gajami-sikhae-jeots, fermented flat fish ; 2 Gul-jeots, salt-fermented oyster ; a Juneo-jeots, salt-fermented shad). Among them tested, the 3T6-5Mj strain isolated from Changran-jeot showed the highest activity on cholesterol degradation. The optimal composition of medium for the producing cholesterol degradation enzyme by 3T6-5Mj strain was 1.0 g/L NH4NO3, 1.0 g/L K2HPO4, 0.1 g/L MgSO4.7H2O, 1.0 g/L FeSO4.7H2O, 1 g/L NaCl, 5 g/L Trypton, 1 g/L Cholesterol, and 5 g/L Maltose at 30$^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, and the enzyme production reached a maximum level at 140 hours of cultivation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2017

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was compared with control and $10{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethylene treatment to evaluate softening control of apple (Malus ${\times}$ domestica Borkh.) fruit for 180 days at $0.5^{\circ}C$ in the air, followed for 28 days at a room temperature. 1-MCP or 1-MCP+ethylene treatment maintained high fruit titratable acidity and firmness after 120 days during the cold storage, which was similarly observed for 28 days at a room temperature. 1-MCP treatment maintained fruit firmness more than 14 N during the cold storage and shelf-life at room temperature. Fruit surface red color was not consistently affected by the treatments during the cold storage but enhanced more than 4.0 by 1-MCP at 21- and 28-days of room temperature. Control or ethylene treatment advanced overall preceeding of fruit softening as rapid ethylene production and respiration rates at 90 days during the cold storage increased to a climacteric maximum. Therefore, pre 1-MCP-treated fruit maintained high fresh condition at a long-term low storage + approximately one month room temperature-storage under $10{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethylene treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 1999

To provide the basic information for the water improvement and control of water resource in Nakdong river districts, the physico-chemical characteristics of water in four main streams and three branch streams of the river were investigated through 36 times totally, one time per each month from January in 1995 to November in 1997. The pH values of each sites in main or branch stream of Nakdong river was pH $6.3{\sim}9.3$ range, pH range of Jukpo and Namji area at spring and fall was almost over pH 8.5, which was exceeded the water quality standard for agriculture. DO values of Nakdong river was almost $8.0{\sim}13mg/l$, except for Kangchang area in downstream of Kumho river. BOD values in Dasa area where was prior to mixing of Kumho river was $1.5{\sim}4.8mg/l$, which was under the water quality standard for agriculture(8mg/l), but BOD values followed mixing of Kumho river was over the permit standard of agricultural water as $3.8{\sim}8.9mg/l$ in Koryung, $3.4{\sim}8.4mg/l$ in Jukpo and $3.3{\sim}7.8mg/l$ in Namji according to time or season. Especially, BOD values at Gangchang area in Kumho river were $7.6{\sim}18.5mg/l$, which was over the water quality standard for agriculture and so Kumho river was a main pollutant: source of Nakdong river. COD values of main stream of Nakdong river was over the permit standard of agriculture(8mg/l) as $5.2{\sim}13.5mg/l$ in Koryvng, $5.0{\sim}12.7mg/l$ in Jukpo and $5.0{\sim}12.2mg/l$ in Namji according to time or season. And COD values was much high rather than BOD values and its gap of concentration was increased along with downstream. $NH_4-N$ of main stream of Nakdong river followed mixing of Kumho river($0.5{\sim}13.1mg/l$) was the highest affected in Koryung($0.18{\sim}5.0mg/l$) and detected much more in winter than in summer. T-N in Koryung($4.96{\sim}12.06mg/l$) followed mixing of Kumho river was significantly high rather than $2.86{\sim}4.86mg/l$ in Dasa, $4.20{\sim}8.20mg/l$ in Jukpo and $3.18{\sim}8.64mg/l$ in Namji, which was almost over the permit standard of agricultural water(1.0mg/l). T-P in Koryung($0.10{\sim}0.58mg/l$) also was significantly high rather than those $0.07{\sim}0.36mg/l$ in Jukpo and $0.08{\sim}0.4mg/l$ in Namji as over the standard of agricultural water(0.1mg/l). The concentration of T-N or T-P in Nakdong districts was trended of increasing in every year.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 1997

In order to induce somatic embryogenesis from the stem explants and anther of Kalanchoe daigremontiana, the explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with auxin (2,4-D, IAA, NAA) and/or cytokinin (BAP) for 8 weeks. Callus from explants was induced most efficiently on MS medium containing. 2.0mg/L NAA and 0.2mg/L BAP. Somatic embryogenesis in stem callus was formed by transfering embryogenic callus from induction media containing growth regulators to medium without growth regulators and then to the medium containing auxin and cytokinin (0.1 mg/L IAA and 1.0mg/L BAP). Callus formation occurred actively in the anthers at early uninucleate stage, and by low temperature pretreatment at $4^{\circ}C$ for 3days. Somatic embryogenesis from the anther callus was induced on MS medium containing 1.0mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BAP, 2.0mg/L NAA and 0.2mg/L BAP. The tetraploid of 5.4% was obtained among plants regenerated from anthers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

To obtain regeneration system of onion, we analyzed the effects of 2,4-D and BA concentration on the embryogenic callus induction from mature embryos. The highest embryogenic callus induction ratio was shown on MS medium (Murashie and Skoog 1962) containing $2.5\;\cal{mg/L}\;or\;5\;\cal{mg/L}$ picloram after mature embryos were placed on medium. When induced callus were cultured on half strength of MS medium containing $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ Kinetin, the highest shoot formation ratio was observed on MS medium containing $1\;{mg/L}$ 2,4-D and $1\;{mg/L}$ BA. Embryogenic callus were cultured in MS liquid medium containing $1\;\ccal{mg/L}$ of 2,4-D and $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ BA. The suspension cultured cell clumps could be mass propagated. Embryogenic callus were friable, but non-embryogenic callus included a lot of moisture, hence the identification between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus as easily achieved. When embryogenic callus as cultured on half strength of MS medium containing $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ Kinetin, shoots were induced. The whole plantlet was obtained on rooting medium containing $0.5\;\cal{mg/}$ of NAA.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2001

The study was carried out to develop a simple and efficient system to regenerate plants from cotyledon and hypocotyl tissues of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis cv Seoul). Among the various combinations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) tested, the best shoot induction medium for cotyledon, with 2.67 shoots per explants, contained $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA, $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA and $16.7mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $AgNO_3$. The shoot induction medium with $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA, $5.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA and $16.7mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $AgNO_3$, was best for shoot induction from hypocotyl explants, with 1.87 shoots per explants. After shoot induction, regenerated shoots were excised and rooted on rooting medium. Rooted plantlets were then hardened in the high humidity growth chamber and transplanted to pots, and then grown in the greenhouse. Regenerated plants appeared phenotypically normal and there were no changes in chromosome number.