• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.253-256
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• 2007

In an attempt to optimize the in vitro-regeneration conditions necessary for the genetic manipulation of tomato species, we examined 'Ailsa Graig' cultivar of Lycopersicon for regeneration ability. The basal medium used for callus formation and shoot regeneration was MS (MS + vitamin) supplemented with six combinations of zeatin 2 mg/l, zeatin 2 mg/l + IAA 0.1 mg/l, zeatin 2 mg/l + IAA 0.5 mg/l, zeatin 4 mg/l, zeatin 4 mg/l + IAA 0.1 mg/l and zeatin 4 mg/l + IAA 0.5 mg/l. When all conditions tested were considered, however, only zeatin 2 mg/l was shown to be the best in shoot regeneration. The morphological characterization from in vitro-cultured callus of Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. 'Ailsa Craig' was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surfaces of in vitro-cultured callus had well-defined epidermal cell in condition of zeatin 2 mg/l, but those of different treatments were twisted. These results suggested that shape of callus was involved in efficiency of shoot regeneration in tomato 'Ailsa Craig'.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

Pseudomanas fluorescens was selected from mushroom and studied in both batch and continuous culture in order to find out optimum conditions for cultivation. P. fluorescens is an aerobic bacterium and antagonistic to Pseudomonas tolaasii which causes blotch disease on the mushroom cap. Cells of P. fluorescens were grown well on medium containing 30g/L of glucose, whereas the growth was inhibited with the glucose concentration at higher than 30g/L. The highest value of specific growth rate and productivity were obtained when using 10g/L of yeast extract. Optimum concentrations of $NH_4Cl$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ for culture were found to be 1.0g/L and 0.1g/L respectively. Optimum concentration of $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ used as a sulfur source was 1.0g/L. It was also found that the cell concentrations were at the maximum level when grown on the medium containing 1.0g/L of $KH_2PO_4$ and 0.1g/L of $CaCl_2$. Also, the optimum culture conditions were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. Cultivation of P.fluorescens at high initial dissolved oxygen (D.O) value led to a decrease of bacterial productivity in batch culture. Maximum productivity was achieved at 68 for the initial D.O value.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2010

To develop Korean native lilies as mini-potted plants, the effects of plant growth retardants on inhibiting stem elongation and improving flowering rate were evaluated. Bulblets of Lilium concolor var. parthneion (5-7 g) and L. dauricum (3-4 g fresh wt) derived from in vitro culture and then enlarged by field culture were applied with 0, 25, 50, or $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol, diniconazole, and uniconazole through bulb dipping, foliar spray, and drench. In L. concolor var. parthneion, uniconazole dipping most effectively reduced plant height by 60.7-78.3% depending on concentration compared with control without decreasing flowering percentage. In L. dauricum, dipping into diniconazole solution significantly retarded the plant height by 70.0-86.3% and improved flowering percentage by 8.3-18.2% compared to control of 0%. Drench of $25-50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol was also effective on inhibition of stem elongation and improvement of flowering rate. Therefore, dipping into $50-100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole solution in L. concolor var. parthneion and dipping into $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole solutions or drench of $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol in L. dauricum can be useful to produce the mini-potted plants.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2000

This paper IS concerned with adults' foreign language aquisition and intends to research the relationship between the mother tongue's phonetic system (L1) and the perception of the foreign language (L2), in this paper Polish and Korean. The questions that are to help to define the aforementioned relationship are I) how Polish perceive Korean vowels, 2) how Koreans perceive Polish vowels, and 3) how Koreans perceive Korean vowels pronounced by Poles. In order to identify L2's vowels, the listeners try to fit them into the categories of their own language (L1). On the one hand, vowels that are the same in both languages and those that are articulated where no other vowel is articulated, have the best rate of recognition. For example, /i/ in both languages is a front close vowel and in both languages there are no other front close vowels. Therefore, vowels /i/ (and /a/) have the best rate of recognition in all three experiments. On the other hand, vowels that are unfamiliar to the listeners do not seem to have the worst rate of recognition. The vowels that have the worst rate of recognition are those, that are similar, but not quite the same as those of L1. This research proves that "equivalence classification prevents L2 learners from producing similar L2 phones, but not new L2 phones, authentically" (Flege, 1987). Polish speakers can pronounce unfamiliar L2 vowels "more authentically" than those similar to L1 vowels. However, the difference is not significant and this subject requires further research (different data, more informants).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

Shoot proliferation was obtained from shoot tips and nodal explants of Vitex negundo L. on MS medium supplemented with either BAP or KIN (0.1-2.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with NAA (0.1 mg/L). The concentrations of cytokinins combined with NAA produced multiple shoots from shoot tips and nodal explants. The highest mean percentage (84.3$\pm$8.0) of shoot multiplication's were observed on nodal explants in the presence of BAP (1.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.1 mg/L) followed by shoot tips (65.0$\pm$5.0). The regenerated shootlets were rooted on MS basal medium IAA, IBA, NAA (0.1-1.5 mg/L). The maximum number of roots (51.0$\pm$2.6) was achieved on the medium containing IBA (1.0 mg/L) followed by other auxins (NAA, IAA). The regenerated plants were successfully transferred to a mixture of vermiculate and soil. About 95% of the plantlets survived when transferred to the field.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.171-181
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• 1999

In this note, we will prove that the operator-valued function space integral as an operator from $L_p\;to\;L_{p'}$ (1

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2024

In this study, we aimed to verify the anti-obesity activity of R. acicularis leaves (RAL) and elucidate its mechanism of action in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. RAL dose-dependently inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol. RAL did not affect cell proliferation and survival in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells, but it inhibited cell proliferation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. RAL increased ATGL, p-HSL, and HSL, and decreased perilipin-1 in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, RAL reduced lipid droplet accumulation and increased free glycerol content in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. RAL increased ATGL and HSL in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Also, RAL increased p-AMPK, PPARγ, UCP-1, and PGC-1α in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. AMPK inhibition by compound C attenuated RAL-mediated increase of ATGL, HSL, PPARγ, and UCP-1 in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, it is thought that RAL may inhibit lipid accumulation through lipolysis and thermogenesis via the activation of AMPK in adipocytes.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.5-12
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• 2017

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) as environmental pollutants are an important environmental issue. However, little is known on the PFCs monitoring of sea waters around estuaries on the East and West Coasts of Korea. This study shows the monitoring results of PFCs in sea waters in these Coasts. Among 10 PFCs selected in this study, concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in the East Coast were 9.6-50.7 ng/L (total mean${\pm}$standard deviation: $26.14{\pm}12.66ng/L$), 13.79-44.58 ng/L ($27.95{\pm}11.41ng/L$), limit of quantification (LOQ)-2.6 ng/L ($0.96{\pm}1.15ng/L$), and 2.95-11.05 ng/L ($4.25{\pm}2.57ng/L$), respectively. In the West Coast, concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, and PFHxS were 27.66-51.71 ng/L ($36.27{\pm}7.79ng/L$), 8.97-22.53 ng/L ($14.47{\pm}4.25ng/L$), LOQ-2.27 ng/L ($1.63{\pm}0.93ng/L$), and 3.0-7.66 ng/L ($4.27{\pm}1.49ng/L$), respectly. Other PFCs were below LOQ. The result of this study provides the distribution pattern of PFCs for assessing environmental pollution in two coastal areas of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.479-482
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• 1991

The medical use of Acer mono MAX. and Betula costata T. sap has had the long history in Korea. So the mineral and sugar contents of these sap gathered in Mt. Jiri area at spring were analyzed to investigate the scientific base of folk remedies by using ion liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The values of chlorine and sulfate in Acer mono MAX. were 11.5 mg/l and 176.7 mg/l, and in Betula costata T. 26.5 mg/l and 162.4 mg/l, respectively. The values of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in Acer mono MAX. were 67.9 mg/l, 5.6 mg/l, 73.8 mg/l and 4.5 mg/l, and in Betula costata T. were 152.1 mg/l, 9.7 mg/l, 39.2 mg/l and 5.7 mg/l, respectively. The values of copper, zinc and manganese in Acer mono MAX. were 0.057 mg/l, 0.483 mg/l and 5.071 mg/l, and copper, zinc, mangances and iron in Betula costata T. were 0.038 mg/l, 1.584 mg/l, 4.354 mg/l and 2.511 mg/l, respectively. The values of sucrose in Acer mono MAX. were 27.29 mg/l, glucose and fructose in Betula costata T. were 0.97 g/l and 3.05 g/l, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2001

Background: Usually, lumbar epidural block is performed on the $L_{3-4}$ interspace. This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and shortening of labor duration comparing the $L_{1-2}$ and $L_{3-4}$ interspace epidural blocks in nulliparous normal vaginal deliveries and then investigates side effects following the blocks. Methods: Eighty healthy nulliparous women were divided into two groups, $L_{1-2}$ (n = 40) and $L_{3-4}$ (n = 40). Epidural blocks, lumbar epidural block were performed at the $L_{1-2}$ and $L_{3-4}$ interspace with a catheter advancing 3 cm cephalad. The initial dose of 12 ml (0.167% bupivacaine, fentanyl $50{\mu}g$ and clonidine $75{\mu}g$) was injected epidurally at 4 cm dilatation of cervix and severe pain of labor. If a visual analogue scale (VAS) score was more than 4 points, an additional dose was administered epidurally using the same volume as the above mentioned, but with the exception that the bupivacaine was diluted to 0.1 percentage. The maternal blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate and fetal heart rate were measured at 10 min intervals for the first 30 min, at 15 min interval for the next 30 min and at 30 min interval for the last one hour following the blocks. The duration of the first (active) and second stages of labor was counted and the neonatal Apgar score was recorded at one and five min after delivery. The degree of motor block, pruritus, nausea and vomiting were also noted. Results: The patients in group $L_{1-2}$ had lower pain scores than group $L_{3-4}$ at 5, 20, 30, 60 mins. The duration of 1st and 2nd labor stage in the $L_{3-4}$ epidural block were $272{\pm}33.5$ min, $49.2{\pm}27.4$ min respectively but those in the $L_{1-2}$ epidural block were $253.5{\pm}32.5$ min, $37.3{\pm}22.3$ min, respectively. Conclusions: We concluded the analgesic efficacy and shortening of labor duration in $L_{1-2}$ epidural block was better than those in $L_{3-4}$ epidural block. Maternal hemodynamic change, motor block. pruritus, nausea, vomiting and Apgar score showed no significant differences between the two groups.