• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2020

Toxic assessment of antifouling agents (diuron and irgarol) was conducted using the fertilization and the normal embryogenesis rates of the sea urchin, Mesocentrotus nudus. Bioassessment began with male and female reproductive cell induction. White or cream-colored male gametes(sperm) and yellow or orange-colored female gametes (eggs) were acquired and fully washed, separately. Then, the fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates were measured after 10 min and 48 h of exposure to the toxicants, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates were greater than 90% in the control, validating the suitability of both endpoints. The normal embryogenesis rates were significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of diuron and irgarol, but no changes in the fertilization rates were observed in concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg L^-1. The EC₅₀ values of diuron and irgarol for the normal embryogenesis rates were 20.07 mg L^-1 and 22.45 mg L^-1, respectively. The no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) were <1.25 mg L^-1 and the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) were 1.25 mg L^-1 and 2.5 mg L^-1, respectively. From these results, concentrations of diuron and irgarol over 1.25 mg L^-1 and 2.5 mg L^-1, respectively, can be considered to have toxic effects on invertebrates, including M. nudus. The ecotoxicological bioassay in this study using the noted fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates of M. nudus can be used as baseline data for the continued establishment of environmental quality standards for the effects of antifouling agents(especially diuron and irgarol) in a marine environment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2017

Background: Low back pain is a frequent condition that results in substantial disability and causes admission of patients to neurosurgery clinics. To evaluate and present the therapeutic outcomes in lumbar disc hernia (LDH) patients treated by means of a conservative approach, consisting of bed rest and medical therapy. Methods: This retrospective cohort was carried out in the neurosurgery departments of hospitals in KahramanmaraŞ city and 23 patients diagnosed with LDH at the levels of L3-L4, L4-L5 or L5-S1 were enrolled. Results: The average age was $38.4{\pm}8.0$ and the chief complaint was low back pain and sciatica radiating to one or both lower extremities. Conservative treatment was administered. Neurological examination findings, durations of treatment and intervals until symptomatic recovery were recorded. $Las{\grave{e}}gue$ tests and neurosensory examination revealed that mild neurological deficits existed in 16 of our patients. Previously, 5 patients had received physiotherapy and 7 patients had been on medical treatment. The number of patients with LDH at the level of L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 were 1, 13, and 9, respectively. All patients reported that they had benefit from medical treatment and bed rest, and radiologic improvement was observed simultaneously on MRI scans. The average duration until symptomatic recovery and/or regression of LDH symptoms was $13.6{\pm}5.4$ months (range: 5-22). Conclusions: It should be kept in mind that lumbar disc hernias could regress with medical treatment and rest without surgery, and there should be an awareness that these patients could recover radiologically. This condition must be taken into account during decision making for surgical intervention in LDH patients devoid of indications for emergent surgery.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.212-216
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• 1995

These experiments were carried out to examine the effect of explant sources and plant growth regulators on callus induction and plantlet differentiation. Cotyledon and petiole explants of Cyclamen persium were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. Cotyledon cultured on medium containing 2, 4-D and kinetin did not form callus or shoots. But when calli induced from petiole explants on medium with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4D and 1.0 mg/L kinetin were subcultured on the same medium the formation of shoots from calli occurred after 150 days of culture. The combination of NAA and BA were more effective than that of 2, 4 D and kinetin in the formation of shoots from calli, cotyledon culture was most effective on medium with 0.2 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA. Shoots excised from calli were rooted on medium with 1.0 mg/L NAA. The plantlets were subsequently transplanted to potting soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2000

Adventitious shoots were induced from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of apple hybrid seedlings (P.16$\times$ Malus prunifolia) on MS medium supplement with 2,4-D and various cytokinine (Kn. BA, TDZ) The shoot regeneration from the cotyledon culture was the highest on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BA. Whereas in case of hypocotyl culture, it was the highest on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA. However, in the MS medium without BA there was no shoot regeneration. Hypocotyl culture seemed to be more effective than cotyledon culture in shoot regeneration. Specially, the top position of the hypocotyl found to be the best explant for shoot induction among the other segments of hypocotyls. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-stength MS medium with 1.0 mg/L NAA. Above results suggest that Apple hybrid (P.16 $\times$ Malus prunifolia) can be multiplied via cotyledon or hypocotyl culture systems.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2002

Determination were performed for the presence of three common environmental endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), namely nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in rainwater, distilled water, millipore water, groundwater, tap water, and bottle water in market, using OASIS cartrige extraction and GC/MS-SIM. Octylphenol was not detected in any water samples. The order of nonylphenol concentrations were increased in rainwater < millipore water < distilled water < groundwater < tap water < bottle water. The concentration of nonylphenol in bolltle water was $0.44{\mu}g/L$(ppb) at highest. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates were detected in every water samples, and the concentrations were to be $1.70{\sim}2.92{\mu}g/L$ in rainwater, $8.7{\sim}31.7{\mu}g/L$ in distilled water, $0.6{\sim}5.6{\mu}g/L$(mean: $2.5{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/L$) in millipore water, and that were very stable values than other waters, $1.1{\sim}6.0{\mu}g/L$ in groundwater at near Jeonju, $3.1{\sim}5.8{\mu}g/L$ by means in tap water, $0.5{\sim}67.6{\mu}g/L$ in bottle water from market. The concentration of DEHP in bottle water samples from market were in higher than USEPA regulation at over 40%.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

The saccharogenic liquid (SFW) obtained by the enzymatic saccharification of food wastes was used as a medium for production of bacterial cellulose (BC). The enzymatic saccharification of food wastes was carried out by the cultivation supernatant of Tricoderma inhamatum KSJ1 culture. Acetobacter xylinum KJ1 was employed for the BC production culture. Under the scaled-up aeration condition of 1.0 vvm, 5.64 g/L of BC was produced in 3 days cultivation in 50 L air circulation bioreactor using SFW medium with addition of 0.4% agar. The productivity was similar to that of 10 L air circulation bioreactor (5.84 g/L). This cultivation method with 50 L air circulation bioreactor decreasing shear stress and increasing oxygen transfer coefficient ($k_La$) was very useful in BC mass production. The physical properties, such as morphology, molecular weight, crystallinity, and tensile strength of BC produced by the static culture (A), the air circulation culture using 10 L bioreactor (B) and 50 L bioreactor (C) were investigated. The number average molecular weight of BCs produced under the different culture conditions (A-C) showed 2,578,000, 1,975,000, and 1,809,000, respectively. Tensile strength was 1.72 $kg/mm^2$, 1.19 $kg/mm^2$, and 1.18 $kg/mm^2$, respectively. All of the BCs had a form of cellulose I representing pure cellulose. The relative degree of crystallinity showed the range of 86.2$\sim$87.8%. BC production by the air circulation culture mode brought more favorable results in terms of the physical properties and its ease of scale-up. Therefore, it is expected that the new BC production method, the air circulation culture using SFW, would contribute greatly to BC-related manufacturing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2002

본 연구는 2001년 9, 10, 11월에 2주 간격으로 6개 정점에서 한강 하류 수욕6개 정점(팔당대교-행주대교)에서 식물플랑크톤 군집과 수지로한경(수온, 염분도, pH, DO, BOD, SS, TN, TP, $NO_{3}-N$, $NH_{4}-N$, $PO_{4}-P$)을 조사하였다. 수온은 7,8월에 $24~27^{\circ}C$ 로 높았으며, BOD의 평균 농도는 정점 1과 2에서 각각 1.26mg/l, i.39mg/l이었고, 정점 3~6에서 3.52~4.01mg/l이었다. $NO_{3}-N$은 정점 1에서 6까지 평균 1.36~1.98mg/l의 범위였고, $PO_{4}-P$의 평균 농도는 BOD, $NO_{3}-N$와 마찬가지로 하류오 향할수록 높아져 정점 6에서 정점 1의 39배였다. TN은 평균 1.74~6.89mg/l, TP는 0.03~0.42mg/l의 범위였다. 한강하류의 수질은 강우에 영향이 크며, 탄천의 영향을 받는 정점 3(영동대교)에서 급격히 나빠져 성산대교까지 유지되다가 안양천의 영향을 받는 행주대교에서 최고조로 악화되는 거으로 파악되었다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 6월 4일 평균 $5.81\times10^{6}cells/l$로 감소하였다가 7월 13일 $28.53\times10^{6}cells/l$로 증가하였다. 7월 28일과 8월 11일에 각각 $3.07~8.34\times10^{6}cells/l$로 감소하였다가 8월25일 $24.47\times10^{6}cells/l$로 다시 증가하여 조사기간 중 항시 대발생이 유지되고 있었다. 본 수역에서 우점종은, 6월에 전 조사정점에서 Aulacoseria granulata와 Aulacoseria granulata var. angustussima, 7월에는 Aulacoseria granulata var. angustussima와 Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis와 남조류인 Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp.가 우점을 하였다. 8월에는 남조류인 Anabaena sp. Microcystic sp. Osillatoria sp.가 높은 비율로 우점하였다. 여름철 식물플랑크톤 대발생에 영향은 수온과 직산염이 중요하였으나, 부유물질 크게 기여하지 못하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.841-846
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• 2003

Landrace(L), Largewhite(Lw), Korean Native Pig(KNP) and commercial hybrid were experimented to determine holothane sensitivity, RYR gene mutation and quality profiles. In the results of halothane test, the incidence of halothane positive pigs was similar between L and Lw. But, the rate of dubious halothane positive type was higher in L than Lw. In hal-gene analysis, halothane-positive pigs(nn) were not found in any tested breed and heterotype(Nn) appeared only in one pig of L. Of the breed effect on the quality profiles, there were no differences in pH$_1$(pH at 1hr postslaughter), but pH$_{u}$(pH at 24hr postslaughter) was significantly higher in commercial hybrid and KNP than other breeds(p〈0.05). Color assessed by National Pork Producers Council(NPPC) and CIE L$^{*}$ was significantly paler in L breed than other breeds(p〈0.05). Significant differences were found in water holding capacity(WHC) and cooking loss in KNP(p〈0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the utilization of F, hybrids using cytoplasmic male sterility in Burley tobacco. Four cytoplasmic male sterile lines and their male-fertile counterparts and 21 Fi hybrids and their parents were evaluated for their agronomic performance in replicated field trials. Some F1 hybrids were comparable to Burley 21, the only Burley cultivar in Korea. Among 21 F1 hybrids, MS L8$\times$Burley 49 and three other hybrids showed 2-11% and 1-5% higher yield and price per kg than Burley 21, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 1987

The Chemical reactions between $NiL_m{^{2+}}\{$Ni(rac-1[14]7-diene)^{2+},\;Ni(meso-1[14]7-diene)^{2+},\;Ni(1[14]4-diene)^{2+},\;{\alpha}-Ni(rac-[14]-decane)^{2+},\;{\beta}-Ni(rac-[14]-decane)^{2+},\;and\;Ni(meso-[14]-decane)^{2+}$}\and\ CN^-$ ion were studied by the spectrophotometric method. The equilibrium constants (K_1$) for the 1:1 complex ion, $[NiL_m(CN)]^+\;with\;NiL_m{^{2+}}\;and\;CN^-$ ion were determined in the range of 3 to $25^{\circ}C$. The $K_1\;for\;Ni(rac-1[14]7-diene)^{2+},\;Ni(meso-1[14]7-diene)^{2+},\;Ni(1[14]4-diene)^{2+},\;{\alpha}-Ni(rac-[14]-decane)^{2+},\;{beta}-Ni(rac-[14]-decane)^{2+},\;and\;Ni(meso-[14]-decane)^{2+}\;at\;15^{\circ}C$ was 4.7, 5.3, 6.2, 7.5, 9.4, and 9.8, respectively. The values of $K_1$ decreased with increasing temperature. From the temperature effect on equilibrium constant ($K_1$), thermodynamic parameters $({\Delta}H^{\circ},\;{\Delta}S^{\circ},\;{\Delta}G^{\circ})$ for reaction were evaluated and the reaction of $NiL_m{^{2+}}\;and\;CN^-$ ion was exothermic. $NiL_m{^{2+}\;reacts\;with\;CN^-$ ion to give $Ni(CN)_4{^{2-}}$ ion and macrocyclic ligand $(L_m)$. The kinetics of formation of the $Ni(CN)_4{^{2-}}$ ion of varying the $[CN^-],\;[HCN],\;and\;[OH^-]$ have been investigated at 3∼$25^{\circ}C\;and\;0.5M\;NaClO_4$. Maintaining a constant $[CN^-],\;k_{obs}/[CN^-]^2$ increases linearly with increasing [HCN]. In the presence of large quantities of $[OH^-],\;k_{obs}/[CN^-]^2$ also increases linearly with $[OH^-]$. From the temperature effect on kinetic constant (k_{obs})$, parameter of activation $({\Delta}H^{\neq},\;{\Delta}S^{\neq})$ of reaction of $NiL_m{^{2+}}\;with\;CN^-$ ion were determined. For the $Ni(rac-1[14]7-diene)^{2+},\;Ni(meso-1[14]7-diene)^{2+},\;{\alpha}-Ni(rac-[14]-decane)^{2+},\;{\beta}-Ni(rac-[14]-decane)^{2+},\;and\;Ni(meso-[14]-decane)^{2+}\;series\;{\Delta}H^{\neq}$ gradually decrease as the d-d transition energy, $ν(cm^{-1})$ decrease. And the reaction of the five $NiL_m{^{2+}}\;with\;CN^-$ ion take place by way of equal paths.