• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2015

This study aimed to produce fermented extracts with sugar made from lotus root (LR) and Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), using lactic acid fermentation, and confirmed their physiological and anti-oxidative activities as basic data for manufacturing functional drinks through sensory tests. For the final sugar concentrations, PG showed $48.1^{\circ}brix$ and LR showed $52.0^{\circ}brix$. Sugar concentrations during lactic acid fermentation following dilution of sugar to $12^{\circ}brix$, ranged from $11.5{\sim}12.1^{\circ}brix$ for PG and $11.9{\sim}12.4^{\circ}C$ for LR. During lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid bacteria numbers tended to decrease in both fermented LR and PG extracts with sugar as the fermentation period increased. For DPPH radical scavenging ability, LR was three times higher in control without lactic acid fermentation while PG showed significant increases in L. acidophilus (77%), L. brevis (90%), and L. delbrueckii (177%) during lactic acid fermentation. For total polyphenol content, LR showed a higher concentration than PG, and except for fermented L. delbrueckii extract showing similarity with the control, contents of fermented extracts decreased. In the case of PG, CUPRAC, increased significantly in L. brevis, whereas FRAP, increased significantly in L. delbrueckii with lactic acid fermentation. For reducing power, except for fermentation with L. brevis, all PG showed lower reducing power activities. In the sensory test of fermented LR and PG extracts with sugar, both fermented extracts showed better results with L. brevis or L. delbrueckii than control or those with L. acidophilus in every item. Based on these results, it is highly possible to develop fermented extract drinks with sugar using LR or PG. In particular, lactic acid bacteria such as L. delbrueckii and L. brevis showed generally higher activities with potential as a functional drink.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.471-481
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• 2016

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the bacteriocin-producing heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acid-resistant yeast isolated from Mukeunji, a Korean ripened kimchi on shelf-life extension and quality improvement of sourdough. According to gene sequence analysis the heterofermentative LAB that showed the antimicrobial activity against bread-spoilage Bacillus strains were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides LAS112, Lactobacillus brevis LAS129, and L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum LAB137. In addition, the yeasts that were able to grow at acidic pH were identified as Pichia membranifaciens YS05, Pichia fermentans YS19, and Pichia anomala YS26. During sourdough fermentation the levels of acetic acid and bacteriocin produced by L. brevis LAS129 strain were higher than those of L. mesenteroides LAS112 and L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum LAS 137 strains, whereas LAS112 strain produced the highest levels of lactic acid. The maximum bacteriocin activity (640 AU/g) against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 35421 was obtained in sourdough fermented by mixed culture of L. brevis LAS129 and P. membranifaciens YS05 or P. anomala YS26. After 24 h of fermentation at $30^{\circ}C$, the viable cell counts of LAS129 ($10^9CFU/g$) in sourdough were higher than those of the YS05 or YS26 ($10^7CFU/g$). Meanwhile, the viable cells of bread-spoilage strain in sourdough fermented with these strains were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control group.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.967-982
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• 2021

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit to the host and are considered safe. Most probiotic strains that are beneficial to human health are included in the "Lactic acid bacteria" (LAB) group. The positive effects of probiotic bacteria on the host's health are species-specific and even strain-specific. Therefore, evaluating the probiotic potential of both wild and novel strains is essential. In this study, the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis KT38-3 were determined. The strain identification was achieved by 16S rRNA sequencing. API-ZYM test kits were used to determine the enzymatic capacity of the strain. L. brevis KT38-3 was able to survive in conditions with a broad pH range (pH 2-7), range of bile salts (0.3%-1%) and conditions that simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice. The percentage of autoaggregation (59.4%), coaggregation with E. coli O157:H7 (37.4%) and hydrophobicity were determined to be 51.1%, 47.4%, and 52.7%, respectively. L. brevis KT38-3 produced β-galactosidase enzymes and was able ferment lactose. In addition, this strain was capable of producing antimicrobial peptides against the bacteria tested, including methicillin and/or vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The cell-free supernatants of the strain had high antioxidant activities (DPPH: 54.9% and ABTS: 48.7%). Therefore, considering these many essential in vitro probiotic properties, L. brevis KT38-3 has the potential to be used as a probiotic supplement. Supporting these findings with in vivo experiments to evaluate the potential health benefits will be the subject of our future work.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2013

Inordinate stress causes disorders of various systems in humans and activates defense mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the body. Sleep is a vital, highly organized process regulated by complex systems of neuronal networks and neurotransmitters. Sleep is an essential biological process whose underlying regulating involves numerous anatomical structures and biochemical substances that can be compromised by stress and by the immune system. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, and activation of GABAA receptors is known to favor sleep. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible application of Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 fermentation to improve the functional qualities of sea tangle Saccharina japonica and oyster Crassostrea gigas. Antioxidant activity was determined by assaying levels of radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide. L. brevis BJ20 fermentation of sea tangle and oyster enhanced both antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. These results suggested that L. brevis BJ20 fermented sea tangle and oyster could be used for alleviation of stress and to promote sleep.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2016

Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 exhibited a carbon catabolite derepressed phenotype that has ability to consume fermentable sugars simultaneously with glucose. To evaluate this unusual phenotype under harsh conditions during fermentation, the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentrations on L. brevis ATCC 14869 were examined. Kinetic equations describing the relationship between specific cell growth rate and lactic acid or hydrogen ion concentration were deduced empirically. The change of substrate utilization and product formation according to lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentration in the media were quantitatively described. Although the simultaneous utilization has been observed regardless of hydrogen ion or lactic acid concentration, the preference of substrates and the formation of two-carbon products were changed significantly. In particular, acetic acid present in the medium as sodium acetate was consumed by L. brevis ATCC 14869 under extreme pH of both acid and alkaline conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.562-568
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• 2006

GABA $(\gamma-aminobutyric\;acid)$ is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. For the efficient production of GAB A, a semi continuous cell entrapment system using Lactobacillus brevis GABA 057 was optimized, including the substrate concentration, bead-stabilizing additives, and reaction conditions. The converted monosodium glutamate (MSG), which was added as a substrate for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), increased from 2% (w/v) to 12% (w/v). The addition of isomaltooligosaccharide to the alginate beads also increased the stability of the entrapped L. brevis and GABA productivity. Consequently, when optimal conditions were applied, up to 223 mM GABA could be produced from 534 mM MSG after 48 h of reaction by using alginate-beadencapsulated L. brevis GABA 057.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1399-1403
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• 1998

We isolated wild lactic acid bacteria from kimchi and identified as Lactobacillus brevis by using API 50 CHL Kit, some morphological and physiological tests. In order to evaluate the acid tolerance of Lactobacillus brevis, its survivals rate, glycolysis assay, membrane permeability, and pH profiles of $H^+-ATPase$ were also determined. When Lactobacillus brevis were incubated in Lactobacilli MRS broth adjusted to various levels of pH for 2 hours, the decreases in its population at pH 4.0 and 3.0 were about 2.61 log cycles/mL and 5.89 log cycles/mL, respectively, but there was no decrease at pH 6.0 and 5.0. Glycolysis by Lactobacillus brevis had optimal pH about 6.5 and glucose degradation was reduced by 50% at a pH of 5.2. $Mg^{++}$ release from Lactobacillus brevis cells in medium with pHs of 4.0 and 3.0 was 24.3 and 71.2% of totals, respectively. The $H^+-ATPase$ of Lactobacillus brevis showed a maximal activity between pH values of approximately 6.5 to 7.0.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1231-1237
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and functional properties of four potential probiotic strains isolated from Kimchi, traditional Korean fermented vegetables. Based on being higher tolerance to bile salts and showing higher acid resistance or hydrophobic properties, one Lactobacillus arizonensis strain (BCNU 9032) and three L. brevis strains (BCNU 9037, BCNU 9098 and BCNU 9101) were selected in the screening experiment. All strains can survived up to 99% after 3h culture in pH 2.5 and resistant to 1% bile salts. These strains also showed good antimicrobial activities against a number of food borne pathogens, especially against Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei. The ability to lower cholesterol levels of L. arizonensis BCNU 9032 and L. brevis 9037 were demonstrated by bile salt hydrolytic activity and cholesterol assimilation tests. Moreover, L. brevis BCNU 9098 and BCNU 9101 showed higher adherence to Caco-2 cells (12.76 and 11.86%, respectively) than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a commercial probiotic strain used worldwide. The results suggest that these strains could be used as probiotics.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

A Whey-based medium was formulated with Lactobacillus brevis to investigate whether any functional peptides could derive from whey protein. The optimal concentrations of the ingredients of the medium for the growth of Lactobacillus were determined as 2% whey protein concentrate and 1% glucose and 0.5% yeast extracts. The growth of Lb. brevis was improved with the supplementation of yeast extracts than glucose. The viable cells counts of Lb. brevis reached to 2.0 × 10$^8$CFU/mL in the whey-based medium. The whey protein hydrolysates recovered from the supernatant after centrifugation at 10,000 x g for 10min induced strong inhibitory activity against ACE. When the whey protein hydrolysate were partially purified by a membrane tubing below 8,000Da, the partially purified fraction remained 64.7 ${\pm}$ 3.6% of the ACE inhibition activity of the whey protein hydrolysates and IC$_{50}$ was 38.8 ${\pm}$ 2.2mg/mL. The whey-based medium was proved to be effective in producing ACE inhibitory peptides by lactic bacteria fermented whey protein.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the identification of lactic acid bacteria produced ν-aminobutyric acid(GABA) from traditional salt fermented anchovy. There was no appreciable difference in the number of lactic acid bacteria from fermented anchovy. Among the types of lactic acid bacteria, three strains of lactic acid bacteria produced ν-aminobutyric acid from those sample were identified temporary as name of Lactobacillus brevis BH-21, Lactobacillus rhamnosus BH-32 and Lactobacillus plantarum BH-38 by using gram positive identification(GPI) card and API 50 kit, respectively. 3 strains of Lactobacillus sp. were found to produce GAB A in the culture of filtrate. Lactobacillus brevis BH-21 produced GABA, some of which yielded 43.2 mg/mL GABA in the medium of 0.1% glucose, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.05% polypeptone, 0.002% MgSO$_4$$.$4H$_2$O, 0.001% FeSO$_4$$.$7H$_2$O, 0.01% NaCl, 0.1% monosodium glutamate, pH 6.0. This result suggests that Lactobacillus brevis BH-21 has the potential to be developed as a strain of GABA production.