• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.492-498
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• 2010

Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) would further increase CVD risk in women having both conditions. To assess this, we recruited 89 women with MetS (25-72 y) and LDL-C ${\geq}$ 2.6 mmol/L. To determine whether plasma HDL-C concentrations were associated with dietary components, circulating atherogenic particles, and other risk factors for CVD, we divided the subjects into two groups: high HDL-C (H-HDL) (${\geq}$ 1.3 mmol/L, n=32) and low HDL-C (L-HDL) (< 1.3 mmol/L, n=57). Plasma lipids, insulin, adiponectin, apolipoproteins, oxidized LDL, Lipoprotein(a), and lipoprotein size and subfractions were measured, and 3-d dietary records were used to assess macronutrient intake. Women with L-HDL had higher sugar intake and glycemic load (P< 0.05), higher plasma insulin (P< 0.01), lower adiponectin (P< 0.05), and higher numbers of atherogenic lipoproteins such as large VLDL (P < 0.01) and small LDL (P<0.001) than the H-HDL group. Women with L-HDL also had larger VLDL and both smaller LDL and HDL particle diameters (P<0.001). HDL-C was positively correlated with LDL size (r=0.691, P<0.0001) and HDL size (r=0.606, P<0.001), and inversely correlated with VLDL size (r=-0.327, P<0.01). We concluded that L-HDL could be used as a marker for increased numbers of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins as well as increased insulin resistance in women who are already at risk for CVD.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.280-287
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• 2000

Three antimicrobial compounds (SL-l, SL-2 and SL-3) were isolated and identified from the marine red alga, Symphyocladia latiuscula. In addition, their biological functionalities such as cytotoxicity and desmutagenic activity were investigated. From the cryophyllized S. JatiuscuJa, SL-l, SL-2 and SL-3 were purified by solvent extractions and HPLC.SL-2 was crystallized in benzene-diethyl ether solvent. On the EI-MS spectra, it was found that they had three bromines in their structure which showed typical signal strength ratios at $M^+, [M+2]^+, [M+4]^+, [M+6]^+ (13: 38: 37: 12)$. $SL-l$ was identified as 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol ($C_8H_7Br_3O_3, MW=374$) by NMR and MS spectra. SL-2 was assigned as 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether ($C_8H_7Br_3O_3, MW=388$) and confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. SL-3 was presumed as an isomer of SL-2. Methanol extract of the S. latiuscula showed antimicrobial activities against all strains tested (bacteria, 15 strains; yeasts, 17 strains; fungi, 4 strains), much or less. The strongest inhibition activity of the methanol extract was to the Vibrio mimicus ($50 {\mu}g/ml$) and V. vulnificus ($50 {\mu}g/ml$). The mice injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg of SL-l and 5 mg of 5L-2 showed no acute toxicity response. SL-2 showed higher desmutagenic activity than SL-l against PhIP and MeIQx.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 1990

We have experienced 62 cases of modified Fontan operations in Seoul Nat’l University Hospital from Apr. 1986 to Jul. 1989, They were 38 males and 24 females, and their age was ranged from 16 months to 15.5 years of age. [mean age : 5.73$\pm$2.99 years] There were 16 operative deaths and 2 late deaths, therefore 29% of overall mortality. Their diagnoses were as follows; 28 single ventricle, 11 tricuspid atresia, 6 DORV with LV hypoplasia, 3 pulmonary atresia with hypoplastic RV, 3 TGA with hypoplastic RV, 3 cor\ulcornerGA with hypoplastic LV and PA, 6 AV canal defects with PA, and 2 others. Low cardiac output and pleural effusion were developed frequently, so we divide 40 patients into some groups to analyze the physiologic and anatomic causes of them. By the degree of the LCO, group A was no LCO[mean amount of inotropics used: 0-5 \ulcornerg/kg/min] with 17 cases, B mild LCO [5-10] with 11, C moderate to severe LCO but alive[>10] with 8, D severe LCO to death with 4 cases. For the pleural effusion, group 1 was to be removed the chest tube within 1 week with 8 cases, group II within 3 weeks with 21 cases, group III beyond 3 weeks with 12 cases. We considered their age, diagnosis, pulmonary artery size[PA index], pulmonary artery abnormality, palliative shunt, systemic ventricular type, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, as preoperative factors, and operative methods, and as postoperative factors, CVP, LAP, arrhythmia, thrombosis, atrioventricular valvular insufficiency, etc. In the view of LCO, pulmonary artery size and PCWP were statistically significant [P<0.05], and arrhythmia, A-V valve insufficiency were inclined to the group C and D Pleural effusion was influenced by the pulmonary artery size, pulmonary artery resistance, PCWP, and CVP significantly. [P<0.05] And arrhythmia, residual shunt, and A-V valvular insufficiency were inclined to group II and III, too. As a results, the followings are to be reminded as the important factors at the care of post-Fontan LCO, and persistent pleural effusion [1] pulmonary artery size, [2] pulmonary artery resistance, [3] PCWP, [4] CVP, [5] arrhythmia, [6] residual shunt, [7]A-V valvular insufficiency.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2011

중소규모 하천에서 많이 설치되어 있는 경사형보를 대상으로 하류부 세굴에 대한 수리모형실험과 수치모의를 통하여 경사형보 하류부 세굴특성과 세굴영향인자들에 대한 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 수리모형실험은 폭 0.8m, 길이 20m의 가변경사 직선 개수로에서 1 : 2(H/L)경사를 가지는 경사형보의 높이, 월류수심, 하류부 수심 변화에 따른 최대 세굴심과 세굴길이의 변화를 관측하였고, 수치모의는 유사이동 모의가 가능한 3차원 수치모형인 FLOW-3D를 이용하여 경사형 보의 경사 변화에 따른 하류부 세굴특성을 모의하였다. 수리모형실험 결과 최대 세굴심 및 세굴길이에 가장 영향을 크게 미치는 인자는 월류고이며, 하류부 수심은 최대 세굴심과 세굴길이의 감소효과 뿐만 아니라 세굴공의 형상에도 영향을 미쳤다. 낙하류의 유입 각도가 예연보에 비하여 작은 경사보는 예연보에 비하여 수평방향 유속이 상대적으로 증가하여 세굴길이가 증가하였으며 이로 인하여 세굴공 하류부 천이영역의 사면경사가 상대적으로 완만하게 형성되었다. 세굴공의 상류부에 재순환 영역이 발생되어 천이영역에서 이송되는 유사의 최대세굴심 발생 위치에 퇴적되는 현상을 방해하며 세굴공의 모양은 완전히 발달된 이중(double) 세굴공을 생성하였으며, 특히 낙하류의 유입각도와 하류부 수위의 영향으로 하류수심($h_t$)과 낙차고(H)의 비($h_t/H$)가 1.0 미만인 경우에 이중(double) 세굴공이 발생하였다. 경사형보의 경사각 영향에 따른 하류부 세굴 영향은 3차원 수치모형을 이용하여 모의하였으며, 경사각을 1V/2H, 1V/3H, 1V/4H로 변화시키며 수치모의를 수행하였다. 수치모의 결과 경사각이 증가할수록 최대 세굴심은 증가하는 경향을 보이고 그에 따른 증가율은 감소하였다. 보 높이, 월류고, 하류부 수심, 경사각 변화에 따른 세굴심의 변화는 상대민감도 방법을 이용하여 비교하였으며 주요 영향인자에 대한 민감도비는 월류고가 보 하류부 세굴에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고, 경사각, 보 높이, 하류부 수심 순이다. 특히 보 하류부의 수심은 음의 민감도를 보이며, 이는 보 하류부 수심이 증가할수록 세굴심이 감소하는 것을 의미한다. 추후 보완 실험 및 수치모의를 추가 활용한다면, 경사형보 하류부 물받이 및 하상보호공 설계를 위한 정량적인 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 1999

Carrot juice inoculated with $2\;{\times}\;10^8\;cfu/mL$ of Escherichia coli was treated with pulsed electric fields(PEF) for the purpose of a development of new cold pasteurization processes. Inactivation of E. coli in carrot juice increased with increase in intensity of the electric field strength and treatment time. The cells were suspended at concentration of ca. $2\;{\times}\;10^8$ cells per ml. A reduction of 4D was obtained at 40 kv/cm and 256 exponential decay pulses at room temperature. Critical electric field strength(Ec) and treatment time(tc) needed for inactivation of E. coli were 11.74 kV/cm and $3.6\;{\mu}s$ at room temperature, respectively. The combination of PEF and thermal treatment inactivated E. coli more effectively. The reductions of up to 5.5D were observed when the carrot juice was treated with PEF of 22.5 kV/cm and $205\;{\mu}s$ at $50^{\circ}C$. PFF treatment did not effect in color, pH, $^{\circ}Brix$, titratable acidity and ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-carotene$ contents of carrot juice.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.886-893
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• 2013

Several indigenous sulfite-resistant yeasts were isolated at the microbial succession stage of yeast flora during spontaneous fermentation of Campbell Early grapes using a YPD plate that contained 200 mg/L or 500 mg/L potassium metabisulfite. When they were applied to the wine fermentation using the Campbell Early grape and apple juices, strains S13 and D8 showed strong alcohol fermentation and good flavor production. They were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the phylogenetic analysis based on their ITS 1-5.8S-ITS II DNA sequences. The two yeast strains grew to a high cell density in the YPD media supplemented with 40%(w/v) glucose. They also grew rapidly in the YPD media at $40^{\circ}C$. While strain S13 showed some differences in cell density at the two temperatures, no marked difference was observed during the culture of strain D8. The strains grew relatively well at pH 5.0 and 9.0 compared with pH 7.0, which was the optimum pH for their growth. Especially, strain S13 cultivated in the YPD media at pH 9.0 grew to 93% of the growth of strain D8, which was obtained at pH 7.0.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

Process analysis with ASM3 (Activated Sludge Model3) was performed to offer basic data for the optimization of aerated biofilter (ABF) process design and operation. This study was focused on the simulation of the nitrification reaction in ABF which was a part of the advanced nutrient treatment process using bio-adsorption. The ABF process has been developed for the removal of suspended solids and nitrification reaction in sewage. A GPS-X (General Purpose Simualtor-X) was used for the sensitivity analysis and operation assessment. Sensitivity of ASM3 parameters on ABF was analysed and 4 major parameters ($Y_A$, $k_{sto}$, ${\mu}_A$, $K_{A,HN}$) were determined by dynamic simulation using 70 days data from pilot plant operation. The optimized values were 0.14 for $Y_A$, 3.5/d for $k_{sto}$, 2.7/d for ${\mu}_A$ and 1.1 mg/L for $K_{A,HN}$, respectively. Simulation with optimized parameter values were conducted and TN, $NH_4{^+}-N$ and $NO_3{^-}-N$ concentrations were estimated and compared with measured data at the range of 10 min to 4 hrs of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The simulated results showed that optimized parameter values could represent the characteristics of ABF process. Especially, the ABF showed relatively high nitrification rate (60%) under very short HRT of 10 min. As a consequence, the ABF was thought to be successfully used in the site which having high variation of influent loading rate.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2007

In June 2005, Yonsei University Medical Center, Severance Hospital upgraded a full-PACS system by adding twenty (5 mega pixels) Totoku ME511L flat panel LCD display devices for diagnostic interpretation purposes. Here we report upon the quantitative (or visual) acceptance testing of the twenty Totoku ME511L display devices for reflection, luminance response, luminance spatial dependency, resolution, noise, veiling glare, and display chromaticity based on AAPM TG 18 report. The tools used in the tests included a telescopic photometer, which was used as a colorimeter, illuminance meter, light sources for reflection assessment, light-blocking devices, and digital TG18 test patterns. For selected 8 flat panel displays, mean diffuse reflection coefficient ($R_d$) was $0.019{\pm}0.02sr^{-1}$. In the luminance response test, luminance ratio (LR), maximum luminance difference ($L_{max}$), and deviation of contrast response were $550{\pm}100,\;2.0{\pm}1.9%\;and\;5.8{\pm}1.8%$, respectively. In the luminance uniformity test, maximum luminance deviation was $14.3{\pm}5.5%$ for the 10% luminance of the TG18-UNL10 test pattern. In the resolution test with luminance measurement method, percent luminance (${\Dalta}L$) at the center was $0.94{\pm}0.64%$. In all cases of noise testing, rectangular target In every square in the three quadrants was visible and all 15 targets except the smallest one in the every corner pattern and the center pattern. The glare ratio (GR) was $12,346{\pm}1,995$. The color uniformity, (u',v'), was $0.0025{\pm}0.0008$. Also, the research results of qualify control guideline of primary disply devices suitable for domestic circumstance are presented All test results are in-line with the criteria recommended by AAPM TG18 report and are thus fully acceptable for diagnostic image interpretation. As a result, the acceptance testing schedule described provides not only an acceptance standard but also guidelines for quality control, optimized viewing conditions, and a means for determining the upgrading time of LCD display devices for diagnostic interpretation.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2000

This paper presents the influence of Reynolds number on propeller open-water performance at the towing tank and the cavitation tunnel for series propellers(No. of blade=4, $0.3{\leq}A_E/A_O{\leq}0.75,\;0.5{\leq}P/D{\leq}1.1$). It is shown that the Reynolds number recommanded by 15th and 17th ITTC is not large enough to obtain reliable P.O.W. test results and then the suitable test conditions for the both facilities is suggested. The correlation of the propeller open-water characteristics at the cavitation tunnel and the towing tank is described and a correlation factor $\kappa$ is deduced from those test results. The viscous effect of the flow around the propeller shaft on the propeller characteristics is investigated from the velocity measurement by Laser Doppler Velocitimetry(L.D.V.). The measured velocity distribution shows that viscous flow effect is not negligible.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.177-180
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• 2017

Diploscapter coronatus (Cobb, 1893) Cobb, 1913 was first reported on oriental melon (Cucumis melo vars. makuwa Makino) roots from plastic film houses, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong, Korea (latitude $N36^{\circ}33^{\prime}$. longitude $E128^{\circ}29^{\prime}$). Diploscapter coronatus is most similar to D. pachys. Species in the genus Diploscapter have a visibly annulated cuticle. The stoma of D. coronatus is 1.5 times longer than the lip region width. The pharyngeal corpus is clearly separated from the isthmus and the vulva is situated around the mid-body. However, it differed by higher ratio of "a", filiform tail and had relatively blunt labial hooks. The Korean population is well matched and within the range of D. coronatus as described from Iran and Ethiopia in de Man's of L, b, c, c', and V. Female length, however, varied between populations: the Ethiopia population female length is longer than in the Korea population (396.4 vs 427.0) while females in the Iran population are smaller than in the Korea population (396.4 vs 350.0). Nematode size may vary due to environmental conditions such as food sources. The position of excretory pores in the Korean population were shorter 53.9-72.5 than in other populations (67-82 and 70-89). Males were uncommon. Males in the Korean population are smaller than females but larger(356.0) than males in the Indian population (306.0).