• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.355-373
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• 2017

Tunnelling in urban areas, it is essential to understand existing structure-tunnel interactive behavior. Serviced structures in the city are supported by pile foundation, since they are certainly effected due to tunnelling. In this research, thus, pile load distribution and ground behavior due to tunnelling below grouped pile were investigated using laboratory model test. Grouped pile foundations were considered as 2, 3 row pile and offsets (between pile tip and tunnel crown: 0.5D, 1.0D and 1.5D for generalization to tunnel diameter, D means tunnel diameter). Soil in the tank for laboratory model test was formed by loose sand (relative density: Dr = 30%) and strain gauges were attached to the pile inner shaft to estimate distribution of axial force. Also, settlements of grouped pile and adjacent ground surface depending on the offsets were measured by LVDT and dial gauge, respectively. Tunnelling-induced deformation of underground was measured by close range photogrammetric technique. Numerical analysis was conducted to analyze and compare with results from laboratory model test and close range photogrammetry. For expression of tunnel excavation, the concept of volume loss was applied in this study, it was 1.5%. As a result from this study, far offset, the smaller reduction of pile axial load and was appeared trend of settlement was similar among them. Particulary, ratio of pile load and settlement reduction were larger when the offset is from 0.5D to 1.0D than from 1.0D to 1.5D.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1436-1444
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to determine the highest inclusion of licury (Syagrus coronate) cake in the diet of growing Boer goats without adverse effects on intake and digestibility and to determine its effects on ingestive behavior and physiological responses. Twenty entire, one year old 3/4 Boer goats, 18.1 kg (DS = 2.2) average body weight (BW), were allocated to dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each animal was confined in a $1.0\;m^2$ pen with a suspended floor and given ad libitum access to clean, fresh water. Diets were formulated to meet NRC (2007) requirements and the ingredients were: 50% of Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp.) hay, corn meal, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin premix, and licury cake. The treatments were: i) no addition of licury cake to the diet, ii) 15% (DM basis) addition of licury cake, iii) 30% licury cake and, iv) 45% licury cake. The experiment lasted for 17 days; the first 10 days were used to adapt the animals to the diets and facilities. The inclusion of licury cake increased the fiber concentration of the diets; however, there was no effect on either dry matter (DM) or organic matter (OM) intake. There was a linear increase (p<0.05) in the EE content of the diet as the addition of licury cake increased; however, EE intake did not differ (p>0.05) between treatments. The digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) decreased with increasing inclusion of licury cake, as did NFC intake. The efficiency of ingestion of DM and NDF presented a negative quadratic effect with the inclusion of licury cake. Results from this study indicate that licury cake can be fed to goats at up to 45% of the diet without adverse effects on either intake or digestibility.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5139-5145
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• 2016

There has been an increment in the number of studies focused on marine bioactive materials. Many peptides and other biomaterials with anticancer potential have been extracted from various marine animals. Artemia extracts have found uses in sun-light protection cosmetics and anti-aging products. However, contents of biochemical compounds in Artemia spp. and molecular mechanisms of have not been clearly studied in leukemic cells in vitro. In this work, we isolated and purified proteins of Artemia Urmiana. Six clear fractions (A-F) observed on DEAE-cellulose chromatography were assayed for effects on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis using the human leukemic HL-60 cell line. Cell proliferation analysis by MTT and BrdU assays indicated that did not affect cells, growth. Cells treated with crude extract and fractions A, B and C, but not E and F (up to $100{\mu}g/mL$), exhibited increase of cell growth in a dose dependent manner. Stimulatory effects of fraction D were observed at concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$ and above. In nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assays, treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of fraction E or F for 96 hr increased the fraction of differentiated cells up to $14.8{\pm}3.56%$ and $16.5{\pm}2.08%$ respectively. Combination of those fractions with retinoic acid had significant synergistic effects on the differentiation of cells ($56.8{\pm}3.7%$ and $67.4{\pm}4.2%$, $p{\leq}0.01$). Annexin-V FITC staining for apoptosis and flow cytometric assays indicated induction of apoptosis by fractions E and F up to 23.8 and 31.8% of cells.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2009

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was validated for quantitation of cacitriol in human plasma. Calcitriol was immunoextracted with immunocapsules, which contain monoclonal antibodies to calcitriol linked to solid phase particles in suspension with a vitamin D binding protein inhibitor. Calcitrol was eluated and the eluates were evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas. The absorbance of analytes was determined using a microplate reader (reference wavelength 650 nm; measurement wavelength 450 nm). The method was specific and sensitive enough to detect as low as 6.5 pmol/L of calcitriol. Linear calibration range was 6.5-491 pmol/L with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The overall accuracy was in the range of 83.8 to 111.2% and precision C.V. (%) 0.99 to 8.47%. The recovery was approximately 100% and stability was confirmed during storage and sample preparation. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by baseline subtraction because calcitriol is an endogenous material. Following oral dose of calcitriol, the mean AUC$_{24h}$ was 1038${\pm}$539 pmol/Lhr and C$_{max}$ of 128${\pm}$63.1 pmol/L was reached at 3.50${\pm}$1.07 hr. The mean t$_{1/2}$ of calcitriol was 5.13${\pm}$2.10 hr. The present EIA method was successfully applied to study bioavailability after oral administration of 2 ${\mu}$g of calcitriol in healthy Korean subjects.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2005

Octacosanol is known to enhance endurance activities, control cholesterol in body and improve the function of cardiopulmonary. Citrulline, which is main compound of watermelon, is known to improve angiectasia through stimulating production of nitric oxide. To improve endurance activity swimming test on rats was carried out using four samples such as 1$\%$ octacosanol, citrulline, the extracts of barks of watermelon and products, mixture of 1$\%$ octacosanol and the extracts of barks of watermelon (6 : 4). Biochemical assays on the liver and serum of tested rats were also performed using commercial analysis kits. In result, it was shown that swimming time of III group increased by 26$\%$ and that of V group was increased by 22$\%$ at the swimming test. As a result of biological assays on the liver and serum of tested rats it was possible to confirm stability of toxicity When compared with creatine kinase of control group (549.11$\pm$39.15 U/l) citrulline (644.11 $\pm$50.67 U/l) and products group (646.00$\pm$46.99 U/l) were largely increased. When compared with inorganic phosphate of control group (12.01$\pm$0.75 mg/이), citrulline (13.03$\pm$0.94 mg/dl) and products group (12.90$\pm$0.55 mg/dl) showed similar results. Also, when compared with lactic acid and glucose of control group (152.91 $\pm$ 13.45, 103.00$\pm$ 8.69 mg/dl), citrulline (125.53$\pm$15.54, 83.75$\pm$7.29 mg/dl) and products group (135.26$\pm$11.50, 78.57$\pm$9.79 mg/dl) were largely decreased. As these test results, it was determined that 1$\%$ octacosanol and extracts of barks of watermelon had some effect of improving endurance activity. Futhermore, it was thought that it could be used as source of functional food.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.317-324
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• 2008

This study investigated the effect of 12 different commercial yeast strains on the characteristics of fermentation and wine quality. All yeast strains had more rapid fermentation at higher temperatures. Wines fermented with the AR2, EC-1118, Premier Cuvee, and RC212 strains had faster sedimentation rates than wines fermented with the other strains. Wines fermented with EC-1118, Montrachet, and Primeur had low titratable acidity whereas wines fermented with D47 and VR5 had high titratable acidity. There was a correlation (r = 0.826) between tannin content and wine redness. Wines fermented with Fermivin, Montrachet, Primeur, VR5, Noble, and Merit strains produced lower levels of sulfur dioxide during fermentation. Wines fermented with D47, K1V-1116, AR2, and VR5 had high concentrations of glycerol, a compound known to add to "mouth feel". Wines fermented with the Fermivin, Montrachet, and Noble strains had lower concentrations of volatile acids than wines fermented with the other strains.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.439-448
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• 1999

To investigate the population dynamics and survival of Genus Vibrio, population densities of aerobic saprophytic bacteria and Vibrio groups were measured 4 times in the intertidal waters of the Yellow Sea near Kunsan from November, 1997 to June, 1998. The distribution of heterotrophic bacteria during the survey periods by plate count and direct count method ranged from 1.2$\pm$0.6$\times$10$^3$~2.0$\pm$1.5$\times$10$^4$CFU ml­$^1$and from 6.0$\pm$4.0$\times$10$^{5}$ ~1.9$\pm$1.5$\times$10$^{7}$ cells ml­$^1$, respectively. Vibrio groups were distributed in the range of 1$\times$10 and 6$\pm$2.2$\times$10$^2$CFU ml­$^1$. The proportion of Vibrio groups to total heterotrophic bacteria was between 0.1 and 6% during the survey periods. A total of 51 isolates was obtained from TCBS agar plates and identified to species level by Biolog Identification System$^{TM}$. As a result, dominant genera were V, mediterranei, V aitguillarum, tr metschnikovii, and V. parahaemolyticus, and isolates were clustered into 26 groups based on the relatedness of average linkage clustering method at 70% level. As for the susceptibility of 51 isolates to 7 kinds of antibacterial agents (gentamicin, ampicillin, chlorarnphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, carbenicillin), 96% of isolates showed high resistance to more than one antibiotics and 65% of isolates contained a plasmid, of which size was observed greater than 12 kb, The number of cells of 3 tested strains (V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus, and V. metschnikovii) in filtered aged seawater decreased by approximately 1 to 5 orders of magnitude during 30-d incubation. In most cases, the numbers of cells decreased rapidly until day 3, then decreased slowly by day 30. The number of cells incubated at 15$^{\circ}C$ showed higher survival than those at 4$^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. These results may be considered for the basic supporting data in the risk assessment of vibriosis in summer.r.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.269-274
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• 2015

In this paper we design the optical system for an integrated two-channel TO-type optical transmitter to apply the HDMI interface using the code V simulator. The proposed integrated two-channel optical transmitter has two VCSELs attached in parallel on an 8-pin TO-CAN package, on top of which is a lens filter block ($1mm{\times}2mm{\times}4mm$) composed of hemispherical lenses and WDM filters. Considering two-channel transmitters manufactured with wavelength combinations of 1060nm/1270nm and 1330nm/1550nm, we obtain the optimum value of the diameter of the hemispherical lens as 0.6 mm for both combinations, and the distances L between the lens filter block and ball lens as 1.7 mm and 2.0 mm for the 1060nm/1270nm and 1330nm/1550nm wavelength combinations, respectively. At this time, the focal length f0 of the lens filter blocks for wavelengths of 1060, 1270, 1330, and 1550 nm are 0.351, 0.354, 0.355, and 0.359 mm, respectively, and the focal lengths F of light passing through the lens filter block and ball lens are 0.62 mm for 1060nm/1270nm and 0.60-0.66 mm for 1330nm/1550nm wavelength combinations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.481-499
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• 2022

This study aims to determine the effects of D-methionine (D-Met) isomer and the methionine precursor 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid i (HMBi) supplementation on milk protein synthesis on immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell (MAC-T). MAC-T cells were seeded using 10-cm dishes and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) basic medium. The basic medium of DMEM/F12 was replaced with the lactogenic DMEM/ F12 differentiation medium when 90% of MAC-T cells reached confluency. The best dosage at 0.6 mM of D-Met and HMBi and incubation time at 72 h were used uniformly for all treatments. Each treatment was replicated six times wherein treatments were randomly assigned in a 6-well plate. Cell, medium, and total protein were determined using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit. Genes, proteomics and metabolomics analyses were also done to determine the mechanism of the milk protein synthesis pathway. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with supplement type and plate as fixed effects. The least significant difference test was used to evaluate the differences among treatments. The HMBi treatment group had the highest beta-casein and S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) mRNA gene expression levels. HMBi and D-Met treatments have higher gene expressions compared to the control group. In terms of medium protein content, HMBi had a higher medium protein quantity than the control although not significantly different from the D-Met group. HMBi supplementation stimulated the production of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit protein essential for protein translation initiation resulting in higher medium protein synthesis in the HMBi group than in the control group. The protein pathway analysis results showed that the D-Met group stimulated fructose-galactose metabolism, glycolysis pathway, phosphoinositide 3 kinase, and pyruvate metabolism. The HMBi group stimulated the pentose phosphate and glycolysis pathways. Metabolite analysis revealed that the D-Met treatment group increased seven metabolites and decreased uridine monophosphate (UMP) production. HMBi supplementation increased the production of three metabolites and decreased UMP and N-acetyl-L-glutamate production. Taken together, D-Met and HMBi supplementation are effective in stimulating milk protein synthesis in MAC-T cells by genes, proteins, and metabolites stimulation linked to milk protein synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.513-518
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• 2005

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed to determine (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin contents in grape seed ethanol extract. CE separation was achieved using 100 mM phosphate and borate buffer at pH 6.0 as background electrolyte and fused silica capillary with 50 microns x 375 microns O.D. (effective length 20.0cm) maintained at $25^{\circ}C$. The applied voltage was 10kV, and detection was performed by DAD at 210 nm, Two catechins were well separated within 6 min with repeatability of <0.8% RSD for migration time and <2.0% RSD for peak area, and correlation coefficients higher than 0.994 were obtained from 58.0 to 174.0 mg/L with detection limit of 0.035 mg/L. Separated compounds were successfully determined. CE method was easy to handle and showed good reproducibility. CE method was compared with conventional coloring and HPLC methods, and main advantages of CE method were low amount of sample required, simple pre-sample treatment, good recovery rate, and short analysis time.