• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.25
• /
• pp.679-694
• /
• 2011

La langue est un des ${\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}ments$ $privil{\acute{e}}gi{\acute{e}}s$ de la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ chez Bachelard. La langue est une force fondamentale de l'imagination. D'une part, elle garde son propre valeur dans le processus de l'imagination, et d'autre part elle forme sa propre image. La $priorit{\acute{e}}$ de langue chez Bachelard a, en effet, quelque liaison avec la notion de Logos qui avait ${\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ $trait{\acute{e}}$ depuis longtemps comme $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}$ ${\acute{e}}ternelle$ dans la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Cependant, la notion de logos de Bachelard se $diff{\grave{e}}re$ de celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Tandis que la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle traite le logos comme un but ${\acute{e}}ternel$ de sa $m{\acute{e}}ditation$, Bachelard donne l'importance sur la $capacit{\acute{e}}$ linguistique et imaginaire du logos. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un des exemples qui montre bien la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ entre la notion de logos de Bachelard et celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un $n{\acute{e}}ologisme$ de Bachelard qui est fait pour $d{\acute{e}}signer$ $l^{\prime}atmosph{\grave{e}}re$ verbal de la $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ l'emission de radio. Bachelard comprend le $ph{\acute{e}}nom{\grave{e}}ne$ de radio en tant que $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de $Psych{\acute{e}}$ dans la vie quotidienne. C'est $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ la technologie moderne que nous pouvons avoir l'univers de langue plus facilement par rapport aux $si{\grave{e}}cles$ $pr{\acute{e}}c{\acute{e}}dents$. Selon Bachelard, la radio n'est pas un simple instrument de communication. C'est une porte pour entrer dans la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ universelle. La radio est une voix du monde qui exprime notre inconscient. Quand un $r{\hat{e}}veur$ $r{\hat{e}}ve$, son $r{\hat{e}}verie$ se $d{\acute{e}}veloppe$ en se discutant avec le monde. Alors, quand nous $r{\hat{e}}vons$, nous parlons au monde et nous ${\acute{e}}coutons$ du monde, de sorte que nous devenons les citoyens du $logosph{\grave{e}}re$. Dans son oeuvre Sur la Grammatologie, J. Derrida critique la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale en la intitulant logocentrisme. Derrida pense que la philosophie occidentale a comme le but final la $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos. Cette $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos ne peut ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}alis{\acute{e}}e$ que par la langue de la voix, non pas par la langue de $caract{\grave{e}}re$. $D^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ vient le logocentrisme ou le phonocentrisme de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidental. Mais Derrida pense que le logocentrisme n'est qu'un autre aspect de l'ethnocentrisme ${\acute{e}}troit$ de l'occident. La notion de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard a quelques ressemblances avec logocentrisme par ses apparences. Cependant, elles ont une $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ fondamentale depuis leur $d{\acute{e}}part$. Tandis que logocentrisme $tra{\hat{i}}te$ la parole en tant que $mani{\grave{e}}re$ d'expression de raison qui est une puissance fondamentale de l'homme, Bachelard pense que la parole est un $r{\acute{e}}sultat$ d'une opposition et fusion de notre raisons et parole. Bachelard pense que la parole est une $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de l'image qui est l'essence de notre $psych{\acute{e}}$. Pour lui, la parole, la quintessence de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$, est le champ de l'imagination $d^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ jaillissent les images. C'est pour cela que $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ se situe ${\grave{a}}$ l'antipode de logocentrisme. $Logosph{\grave{e}}re$ nous fournit un espace de $r{\hat{e}}verie$ de langue. Notre $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $fourr{\acute{e}}e$ des images visuelles creuses est $d{\acute{e}}pouill{\acute{e}}e$ de plus en plus des espaces de $r{\hat{e}}veries$. C'est une des raisons que le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}activ{\acute{e}}$ aujourd'hui.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1995

Working depth of the model net was determined by using of the same experimental tank and the same model net that used in the forwarded report in a series studies. The depth of the net which indicates the depth of the head rope from the water surface, was determined by the photographs taken in front of the net mouth with the combination of towing velocity, warp length and distance between paired boats. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Working depth of model nets A and B was varied in the range of 0.09~1.66$m$,and 0.04~1.34$m$(which can be converted into 2.7~40.2$m$and 1.2~49.8$m$in the full-scale net) respectively, and the depth of model net A was slightly deeper than the depth of the model net B. 2. Working depth ($D$,which is appendixed m for the model net, f for the full-scale net, A and B for the types of the model nets) can be expressed as the function of towing velocity$V_t$, as in the model net($V_t$=$m$/$sec$) $D_{mA}$=(-1.99+0.65$L_w$) $e^{-1.72V_t}$ $D_{mA]$=(-1.91+1.04 $L_w$) $e^{2.88V_t}$ in the full-scale net($V_t$=$k$'$t$ $D_{fA}$=(-29.32+0.65$L_w$)$e^{0.40 V_t}$ $D_{fB}$=(-57.60+1.04$L_w$)$e^{-0.67 V_t}$ 3. Working depth 9$D$ appendixes are as same as the former) can be expressed as the function of warp length$L_w$) in the model net, and can be converted into full-scale net as in the model net ($V_t$=$m$/$sec$) $D_{mA}$=-0.99 $e^{-1.42V_t}$+0.67$e^{-1359V_t}$$L_w$ $D_{mB}$=-.258$e^{-3.77V_t}$+1.16$e^{-3.15V_t$ $L^w$, in the full-scale net($V_t$=k't) $D_{fA}$=-29.28$e^{-0.32V_t}$+0.67$e^{-0.37V_t$$L_w$ $D_{fB}$=-69.10$e^{-0.81V_t}$+1.16$e^{-0.72V_t}$$L_w$. 4. Working depth was gradually shallowed according to the increase of the distance between paired boats.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2000

It was to adjust the luminance of light by the rotation angle of the polarizes and analyzer. The luminance value Lmax, Lmin of Contrast Sensitivity could be obtained from the rotation angle ${\theta}_m$ of the average luminance($L_m$), the rotation angle(${\theta}_{max}$, ${\theta}_{min}$) of the maximum and the minimum's amplitude. $$L_{max}=I(0)e^{-2at}{\cdot}cos^2{\theta}_m(1+C_s^{-1})$$ $$L_{min}=I(0)e^{-2at}{\cdot}cos^2{\theta}_m(1-C_s^{-1})$$ We obtained the rotation angle(${\theta}_{max}$, ${\theta}_{min}$) of the polarizes and analyzer from the rotation angle ${\theta}_m$ of the average luminance($L_m$) and the Contrast Sensitivity($C_s$). $${\theta}_{max}=cos^{-1}[cos{\theta}_m{\cdot}(1+C_s^{-1})^{1/2}]$$ $${\theta}_{min}=cos^{-1}[cos{\theta}_m{\cdot}(1-C_s^{-1})^{1/2}]$$.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.34
• /
• pp.43.1-43.11
• /
• 2022

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become common pollutants with industrial development. Although the effect of exposure to PAHs on allergic disease in humans has been evaluated, evidence of an association is sparse. The association between PAH exposure and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels was evaluated in Korean adults. Methods: In total, this study included 3,269 participants in the Third Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015-2017). Four urinary PAH metabolites were used to assessed exposure to PAHs: 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-naphthol, and 2-hydroxyfluorene. The analyses were performed on 3 cutoff levels (100 IU/mL, 114 IU/mL, and 150 IU/mL) set as the total IgE elevation. Prevalence of total IgE elevation by PAH exposure group and general characteristics (age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, and occupation) were analyzed using the Rao-Scott χ² test. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for total IgE elevation by PAH exposure groups. Results: Total IgE elevation differed significantly by age, sex, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and occupation. For 2-hydroxyfluorene, the fourth quartile showed a significant association with IgE elevation compared to the first quartile in the analyses of cutoff-level 100 IU/mL (OR: 1.372, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007-1.869) and 114 IU/mL (OR: 1.643, 95% CI: 1.167-2.312). In the analysis of cutoff-level 150 IU/mL, the adjusted ORs of the third and fourth quartile of 2-hydroxyfluorene were significantly higher than the first quartile (3rd quartile: OR: 1.478, 95% CI: 1.034-2.113; 4th quartile: OR: 1.715, 95% CI: 1.161-2.534). However, there were no significant positive associations for the other metabolites. Conclusions: This study implied that PAHs exposure is associated with total IgE elevation in Korean adults. More research is needed to confirm the effect of exposure to PAHs on serum IgE and allergic diseases.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2009

We have evaluated the effect of long term treatment of Enicostemma littorale (E. littorale) in type 2 diabetic patients taking pills of aqueous extract of E. littorale regularly as a complimentary medicine for at least 9 months. The effects of E. littorale on glycemic control, lipid profile, cardiac function and DNA damage in these patients were compared with those who had not been regular in taking E. littorale but regular in taking other conventional anti-diabetics. Our data suggest that, E. littorale can maintain normal blood glucose, serum insulin, serum triglycerides levels of type 2 diabetic patients if taken regularly. E. littorale also improves insulin sensitivity, and normalize disturbed lipogram and elevated creatinine levels, thereby produces beneficial effect in preventing cardiovascular complications and may preserve the kidney function. The finding that E. littorale also prevents DNA damage suggest a long term effect in diabetic patients. E. littorale thus can be considered as safe supplementary therapy for a long term and effective management of type 2 diabetic patients.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion, parathion. diazinon, and carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl, by enzyme-inhibition method. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method were 166.6 and 5.8 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, and in chicken plasma were 23.1 and 8.3 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, respectively. The optimum pH of AChE and ChE was 8.2 and 7.8, respectively. The Km of AChE and ChE was 0.034 and 0.045 mM, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by some organophosphorus was 55.82 and 99.42 mg/L of malathion, 31.16 and 29.13 mg/L of parathion, and 17.89 and 19.62 mg/L of diazinon, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by carbaryl of carbamate was 0.10 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The 0.07 mg/L of drinking water advisory level for carbaryl could be detected with I$\_$50/ of AChE and ChE. Enzyme-Inhibition (EI) method with AChE and ChE was used the multiresidue method to detect the 1 mg/L of the carbamate pesticides.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.289-297
• /
• 2002

It was shown by L. Polterovich ([3]) that if L is a totally real submanifold of a symplectic manifold $(M,\omega)$ and L is parallelizable then L is normal. So we try to find an answer to the question of whether there is a compatible almost complex structure J on the symplectic vector bundle $TM$\mid$_{L}$ such that $TL{\cap}JTL=0$ assuming L is normal and parallelizable. Although we could not reach an answer, we observed that the claim holds at the vector space level. And related to the question, we showed that for a symplectic vector bundle $(M,\omega)$ of rank 2n and $E=E_1{\bigoplus}E_2$, where $E=E_1,E_2$are Lagrangian subbundles of E, there is an almost complex structure J on E compatible with ${\omega}$ and $JE_1=E_2$. And finally we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a given embedding into a symplectic manifold to be normal.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.180-190
• /
• 2021

This study compared the efficacy of chiral GC and chiral HPLC for the analysis of nicotine. To develop a suitable dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, the following parameters were optimized: pH, extraction solvent, dispersive solvent, type and quantity of salt, and laboratory temperature. The validation of the method was carried out by the established HPLC method. The LODs were 0.11 ㎍/mL and 0.17 ㎍/mL for the (S)- and (R)- enantiomers, respectively. The LOQs were 0.30 ㎍/mL and 0.44 ㎍/mL, respectively. The optimal calibration range was between 0.30-18 ㎍/mL and 0.44-4.40 ㎍/mL, respectively, and the correlation coefficient (r²) was 0.9978-0.9996. The intra-day accuracy was 79.9-110.6 %, and the intra-day precision was 1.3-12.0 %. The inter-day accuracy was 87.8-108.0 %, and the inter-day precision was 4.0-12.8 %. E-liquid and biological fluids (urine and saliva) were analyzed using the established method.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2021

This study examined the association between hypertension (HTN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in Korean adults. Data for 8,922 adults (3,941 men and 4,981 women) aged ≥20 years from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013~2014) were analyzed. In men, after adjusting for the related variables, the odds ratios (ORs) of HTN [systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, or use of HTN medications] were significantly higher in the decreased eGFR group [eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.21~3.24)], elevated ACR group [ACR ≥30 mg/g, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.54~2.69)], and decreased eGFR plus elevated ACR group [eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ and ACR ≥30 mg/g, 6.03 (95% CI, 2.82~12.92)] than in the normal group (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ and ACR <30 mg/g). In women, after adjusting for the related variables, the ORs of HTN were significantly higher in the decreased eGFR group (2.29, 95% CI, 1.27~4.13), elevated ACR group (2.22, 95% CI, 1.68~2.94), and decreased eGFR plus elevated ACR group (10.77, 95% CI, 3.89~29.82) than the normal group. In conclusion, HTN was associated with a decreased eGFR and elevated ACR in Korean men and women. In addition, the prevalence of HTN increased greatly when a decreased eGFR and elevated ACR occurred simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.379-388
• /
• 1991

We synthesized the binuclear Tetradentate Schiff base cobalt (II) complexes; [Co(II)$_2$(SMPD)$_2$(L)$_2$] and [Co(II)$_2$(SPPD)$_2$(L)$_2$] (where, SMPD: N,N'-bis(salicylaldehyde)-m-phenylenediimine, SPPD: N,N'-bis(salicylaldehyde)-p-phenylenediimine, L: Py, DMSO and DMF). We identified the binuclear structure of these complexes by elemental analysis, IR-spectrum, and T. G. A. According to the results of cyclic voltammetry and DPP measurements in aprotic solvents containing 0.1M TEAP as supporting electrolyte, it was found that diffusionally controlled redox process of two step for one electron was reversible or quasi reversible process in 0.1M TEAP-pyridine and 0.1M TEAP-DMSO solution at mononuclear complexes; [Co(II)(SOPD)(L)$_2$]. But, we knew that diffusionally controlled reduction processes of four steps with one electron for binuclear [Co(II)$_2$(SMPD)$_2$(L)$_2$] and [Co(II)$_2$(SPPD)$_2$(L)$_2$] complexes was Co(III)$_2\;{\longrightarrow^e}$ Co(III)Co(II) ${\longrightarrow^e}$ Co(II)$_2\;{\longrightarrow^e}$ Co(II)Co(I) ${\longrightarrow^e}$ Co(I)$_2$ in aprotic solvents.