• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.451-461
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the age-related changes of cardiovascular disease risk factors and inflammatory markers in non-obese Korean women. Subjects were 112 women over 20 years old with body mass index (BMI) less than $30 kg/m^2$ and were divided into 3 groups (< 40 years, $40{\sim}59$ years, ${\ge}60$ years). Mean weight and BMI in the oldest group were significantly higher than those in the other 2 younger groups (p < 0.05). Mean total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (BAR) in the oldest group were significantly higher than those in the youngest group (p < 0.05), and mean HDL-cholesterol of the oldest group was significantly lower than that of the youngest group (p < 0.05). The older-aged group showed significantly higher mean values of atherogenic index (AI) and LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.05) than the respective younger-aged group, and AI was significantly correlated with age, nitric oxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p < 0.01). In addition, mean vascular cell adhesion molecule-l (VCAM-1) tended to be higher in the older-aged group than the younger group. Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, a proinflammatory maker, was significantly positively correlated with serum homocysteine, a cardiovascular disease risk factor (p < 0.01). In addition, a significantly positive correlation was observed between C-reactive protein and BAR (p < 0.01). Overall results suggested that the aging might affect the increase of cardiovascular disease risk factors including the serum lipid profiles, weight and BMI, and age-related increases of weight and BMI might play a role in changes in certain biomarkers of inflammation. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 451${\sim}$461, 2009)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2020

The present study investigated effects of antifungal and carboxylesterase inoculant on rumen fermentation with different rumen pH. Corn silage was treated without inoculant (CON) and with a mixed Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and L. buchneri 6M1 (MIX). Rumen fluid was collected from two cannulated Hanwoo heifers before morning feeding (high rumen pH at 6.70) and 3 h after feeding (low rumen pH at 6.20). Dried corn silage was incubated in the rumen buffer (rumen fluid + anaerobic culture medium at 1:2 ratio) for 48 h at 39℃. Eight replications for each treatment were used along with two blanks. Both in a high and a low rumen pH, MIX silages presented higher (p<0.05) the immediately degradable fraction, the potentially degradable fraction, total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) than those of CON silages. Incubated corn silages in a low rumen pH presented lower (p<0.05) total degradable fraction, ammonia-N, total VFA (p=0.061), and other VFA profiles except acetate and propionate, than those in a high rumen pH. The present study concluded that application of antifungal and carboxylesterase inoculant on corn silage could improve degradation kinetics and fermentation indices in the rumen with high and low pH conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.701-717
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to extensively estimate the air quality trends of the study area by surveying con-centration trends in months or seasons, after analyzing the mass concentration of PM-10 samples and the inorganic lements, ion, and total carbon in PM-10. Also, the study introduced to apply the PMF (Positive Matrix Factoriza-tion) model that is useful when absence of the source profile. Thus the model was thought to be suitable in Korea that often has few information about pollution sources. After obtaining results from the PMF modeling, the existing sources at the study area were qualitatively identified The PM-10 particles collected on quartz fiber filters by a PM-10 high-vol air sampler for 3 years (Mar. 1999∼Dec.2001) in Kyung Hee University. The 25 chemical species (Al, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, Ce, Pb, Si, N $a^{#}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, TC) were analyzed by ICP-AES, IC, and EA after executing proper pre - treatments of each sample filter. The PMF model was intensively applied to estimate the quantitative contribution of air pollution sources based on the chemical information (128 samples and 25 chemical species). Through a case study of the PMF modeling for the PM-10 aerosols. the total of 11 factors were determined. The multiple linear regression analysis between the observed PM-10 mass concentration and the estimated G matrix had been performed following the FPEAK test. Finally the regression analysis provided source profiles (scaled F matrix). So, 11 sources were qualitatively identified, such as secondary aerosol related source, soil related source, waste incineration source, field burning source, fossil fuel combustion source, industry related source, motor vehicle source, oil/coal combustion source, non-ferrous metal source, and aged sea- salt source, respectively.ively.y.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2003

We fabricated cube textured Ni substrate for YBCO coated conductor and evaluated the effects of processing parameters on microstructural evolution and texture formation. Ni-rods as an initial specimen were prepared by two different methods, i.e., powder metallurgy(PM) and plasma arc melting(PAM). Subsequently, the rods were cold rolled to 100 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick substrate and annealed at temperatures of $700∼1200^{\circ}C$. The texture of the substrate was characterized by pole-figure. It was observed that the texture of substrate made by P/M did not significantly varied with annealing temperature of 600∼$l100^{\circ}C$ and the full-width at half-maximums (FWHM) of both in-plane and out-of-plane were 9$^{\circ}$∼$10^{\circ}$. On the other hand, the texture of substrate made by PAM was more dependent on the annealing temperature and the corresponding values were $9^{\circ}$ ∼$13^{\circ}$ at the temperature range. In addition, recrystallization twin texture, (221)＜221＞, was formed as the temperature increased further. OM profiles showed that the grain size of substrate made by P/M was smaller than that made by PAM and this difference was correlated to the microstructure of initial specimens.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate protein profiles related to the induction of adipogenesis within the bovine longissimus dorsi muscle (BLDM) by proteomic analysis. We analyzed BLDM proteins at different growth stages to clarify the physiological mechanisms of marbled muscle development in 20 head of Korean native cattle (11 month: 10 head, 17 month: 10 head). BLDM proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and image analysis. Villin 2 was specifically identified by mass spectrometry and a protein search engine. Villin 2 protein expression in BLDM decreased during the fat development stage in test steers. In a Western blot cell culture study of spontaneously immortal bovine muscle fibroblasts, the abundance of Villin 2 was shown to be down-regulated during differentiation into muscle. In 3T3-L1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, Villin 2 was decreased during differentiation into adipocytes. The results suggest that Villin 2 may be related to the induction of transdifferentiation and adipogenesis in bovine longissimus dorsi muscle.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.468-475
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• 2020

Malva vein clearing virus (MVCV) is a member of the Potyvirus species, and has a negative impact on the aesthetic development of Alcea rosea. It was first reported in Germany in 1957, but its complete genome sequence data are still scarce. In the present work, A. rosea leaves with vein-clearing and mosaic symptoms were sampled and analyzed with small RNA deep sequencing. By denovo assembly the raw sequences of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRs) and whole genome amplification of malva vein cleaning virus SX strain (MVCV-SX) by specific primers targeting identified contig gaps, the full-length genome sequences (9,645 nucleotides) of MVCV-SX were characterized, constituting of an open reading frame that is long enough to encode 3,096 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MVCV-SX was clustered with euphorbia ringspot virus and yam mosaic virus. Further analyses of the vsiR profiles revealed that the most abundant MVCV-vsiRs were between 21 and 22 nucleotides in length and a strong bias was found for "A" and "U" at the 5′-terminal residue. The results of polarity assessment indicated that the amount of sense strand was almost equal to that of the antisense strand in MVCV-vsiRs, and the main hot-spot region in MVCV-SX genome was found at cylindrical inclusion. In conclusion, our findings could provide new insights into the RNA silencing-mediated host defence mechanism in A. rosea infected with MVCV-SX, and offer a basis for the prevention and treatment of this virus disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2020

To understand the molecular mechanism involved in the survivability of cold-tolerant lactic acid bacteria was of great significance in food processing, since these bacteria play a key role in a variety of low-temperature fermented foods. In this study, the cold-stress response of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum K25 isolated from Tibetan kefir grains was analyzed by iTRAQ proteomic method. By comparing differentially expressed (DE) protein profiles of the strain incubated at 10℃ and 37℃, 506 DE proteins were identified. The DE proteins involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly down-regulated, leading to a specific energy conservation survival mode. The DE proteins related to DNA repair, transcription and translation were up-regulated, implicating change of gene expression and more protein biosynthesis needed in response to cold stress. In addition, two-component system, quorum sensing and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters also participated in cell cold-adaptation process. These findings provide novel insight into the cold-resistance mechanism in L. plantarum with potential application in low temperature fermented or preserved foods.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2007

To examine the differential protein expression pattern in the 11.5 day post-coitus (dpc) and 18.5 dpc placenta of mouse, we have used the global proteomics approach by 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF-MS. The differential protein patterns of 3 placentae at the 11.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc from nature mating mice were analyzed. Proteins within isoelectric point range of $3.0{\sim}10.0$, separately were analyzed in 2DE with 3 replications of each sample. A total of approximately 1,600 spots were detected in placental 2-D gel stained with Coomassie-blue. In the comparison of 11.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc placentae, a total of 108 spots were identified as differentially expressed proteins, of which 51 spots were up-regulated proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, mKIAA0635 protein and transferrin, annexin A5, while 48 spots were down-regulated proteins such as Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor l(PBEF), aldolase 1, A isoform, while 4 spots were 11.5 dpc specific proteins such as chaperonin and Acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, while 3 spots were 18.5 dpc specific proteins such as aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7 and CAST1/ERC2 splicing variant-1. Most identified proteins in this analysis appeared to be related with catabolism, cell growth, metabolism and regulation. Our results revealed composite profiles of key proteins involved in mouse placenta during pregnancy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine the protein profiles using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity (IC50) as affected by the various meat cuts, digestion times with pepsin. Hydrolysates having the protein concentration of 10 ug/mL had approximately 36∼39% ACE inhibitory activities, regardless of meat cut and digestion time. Protein concentration and ACE inhibitory activity of the diluted hydrolysate increased after 1-hr digestion. In original hydrolysates, ACE inhibitory activities of loin had higher than those of round (P<0.05). In addition, non-heated hydrolysates had higher ACE inhibitory activities than heated counterparts. When myosin B was digested by pepsin more than 1 hr, improved ACE inhibitory activities were observed as compared to the non-digested control.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.822-827
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• 2007

The aroma characteristics and antioxidative activity of volatile compounds in heat-treated garlic (Allium sativum L.) were evaluated. The garlic was heated to various temperatures (100, 110, 120, and $130^{\circ}C$) for different lengths of time (1, 2, and 3 hr). The volatile compounds of heated garlic were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE). Aroma compound profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and antioxidative activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation decolorization assay. The major aroma compounds were sulfur compounds such as dimethyl disulfide, 2-propen-1-ol, methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, and di-2-propenyl trisulfide. DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) and the ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity (AEAC) of volatile compounds in heated garlic increased significantly with the increase of temperature and time (p<0.001). The EDA (%) and AEAC of raw garlic were 26.8%/10 mg garlic and 39.05 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g sample. After heat treatment, the highest values were 40.50%/10 mg garlic for EDA (%) and 46.43 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g sample for ABTS.