• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2005

We examined the enhancement of thermotolerance for storage conferred on Lactobacillus acidophilus 30SC by adaptation to different stresses. The viable cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus 30SC were compared with their viability prior to heating at $45,\;55^{\circ}C\;and\;60^{\circ}C$. Heat-adapted ($45^{\circ}C$ for 15 min) L. acidophilus 30SC in MRS broth exhibited higher survivability at lethal temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ than control. Cellular protein profiles of L. acidophilus 30SC during heat adaptation were examined with SDS-PAGE, and scanning electron microscopy. When L. acidophilus 30SC was heat-adapted at $55^{\circ}C$ for 15min, 5 new protein spots of ca $8\~45\;kDa$ size were observed on 2D SDS-PAGE. It was presumed that new proteins of L. acidophilus 30SC were produced to adapt to the environment of higher growth temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.811-817
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• 2002

Korean traditional soy sauce was desalted using electrodialyzer, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The salt content of soy sauce significantly decreased from initial 18.9 (w/v) to 0.47% (w/v) and the volume also decreased to 330 mL when 1,000 mL of soy sauce was desalted for 450 min at a current of 2 A. During the desalting process, the numbers of viable cells of total bacteria, yeasts, and molds increased due to the concentration effect of the electrodialysis. Turbidity increased from 3.1 to 8.5, and total nitrogen, total sugar, and reducing sugar contents also increased. The pH, and amino nitrogen and volatile base nitrogen contents slightly decreased, with ammonia content significantly decreasing from 19.4 to $1.3\;{\mu}mol/mL$. Free amino acids content increased twofold after electrodialysis. Gas chromatograms of soy sauce showed that profiles of the flavoring compounds did not change when electrodialyzed for 360 min, but most were removed after 540 min.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.461-471
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• 2011

This study was carried out to establish an in vitro culture method of callus having a high antioxidant activity from Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with various growth regulators. The explants were incubated in the dark or 3,000 lux cool-white light. Methanol extracts from incubated callus were evaluated for scavenging activity of the free radicals using DPPH. The best callus growth rate was achieved in MS medium combined with 10 ${\mu}M$ NAA and 5 ${\mu}M$ kinetin in the light condition. Total antioxidant activity of cell aggregates in suspension culture [MS medium supplemented with 10 ${\mu}M$ NAA in the light] was up to 80% of ascorbic acid. By means of HPLC analysis, quantification of the quercetin dehydrate and keamperol profiles from suspension callus was compared. Contents of quercetin dehydrate and keamperol from leaf extracts were 0.07 and 2.24 ${\mu}g/20{\mu}l$, and those from callus 0.56 and 0.18 ${\mu}g/20{\mu}l$, respectively.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.379-391
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• 2018

Through the development of organic synthetic skill, chemicals that mimic signaling mediators such as steroid hormones have been exposed to the environment. Recently, it has become apparent that this circumstance should be further studied in the field of physiology. Estrogenic action of chronic low-dose nonylphenol (NP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in mouse uterus was assessed in this study. Ten to twelve-week-old female mice (CD-1) were fed drinking water containing NP (50 or $500{\mu}g/L$) or DEHP (133 or $1,330{\mu}g/L$) for 10 weeks. Uterine diameter, the thickness of myometrium and endometrium, and the height of luminal epithelial cells were measured and the number of glands were counted. The expression levels of the known $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$)-regulated genes were evaluated with real-time RT-PCR methodology. The ration of uterine weight to body weight increased in $133{\mu}g/L$ DEHP. Endometrial and myometrial thickness increased in 133 and $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP treated groups, and in 50, $500{\mu}g/L$ NP and $133{\mu}g/L$ DEHP, respectively. The height of luminal epithelial cell decreased in NP groups. The numbers of luminal epithelial gland were decreased in NP groups but increased in $50{\mu}g/L$ DEHP group. The histological characters of glands were not different between groups. The mRNA expression profiles of the known $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$) downstream genes, Esr1, Esr2, Pgr, Lox, and Muc1, were also different between NP and DEHP groups. The expression levels dramatically increased in some genes by the NP or DEHP. Based on these results, it is suggested that the chronic low-dose NP or DEHP works as estrogen-like messengers in uterus with their own specific gene expression-regulation patterns.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.442-450
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• 1999

Background : Isoniazid(INH) and rifampicin(RFP) are the most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs which make the short-course chemotherapy possible. Although prescribed dosages of INH and RFP in Korea are different from those recommended by American Thoracic Society, there has been few study about pharmacokinetic profiles of INH and RFP in Korean patients who receive INH, RFP, ethambutol(EMB) and pyrazinamide(PZA) simultaneously. Methods : Among the patients with active tuberculosis from Dec. 1997 to July 1998, we selected 17 patients. After an overnight fast, patients were given INH 300mg, RFP 450mg, EMB 800mg and PZA 1500mg daily. Blood samples for the measurement of plasma INH(n=15) and RFP(n=17) level were drawn each at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12hrs, and urine was also collected. INH and RFP level in the plasma and the urine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Pharmacokinetic parameters such as peak serum concentration(Cmax), time to reach to peak serum concentration(Tmax), half-life, elimination rate constant(Ke), total body clearance(CLtot), nonrenal clearance(CLnr), and renal clearance(CLr) were calculated. Results : 1) Pharmacokinetic parameters of INH were as follows: Cmax; $7.63{\pm}3.20{\mu}g/ml$, Tmax; $0.73{\pm}0.22hr$, half-life; $2.12{\pm}0.84hrs$, Ke; $0.83{\pm}0.15hrs^{-1}$, CLtot; $17.54{\pm}8.89L/hr$, CLnr; $14.74{\pm}8.35L/hr$, CLr; $2.79{\pm}1.31L/hr$. 2) Pharmacokinetic parameters of RFP were as follows: Cmax; $8.93{\pm}3.98{\mu}g/ml$, Tmax; $1.76{\pm}1.13hrs$, half-life; $2.27{\pm}0.54hrs$, Ke; $0.32{\pm}0.08hrs^{-1}$, CLtot; $14.63{\pm}6.60L/hr$, CLr; $1.04{\pm}0.55L/hr$, CLnr; $13.59{\pm}6.21L/hr$. 3) While the correlation between body weight and Cmax of INH was not statistically significant (r=-0.514, p value>0.05), Cmax of RFP was significantly affected by body weight of the patients(r=-0.662, p value<0.01). Conclusion : In Korean patients with tuberculosis, 300mg of INH will be sufficient to reach the ideal peak blood level even in the patients over 50kg of body weight However, 450mg of RFP will not be the adequate dose in the patients who weigh over 50~60kg.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.372-378
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• 2017

For comparison of the transcription profiles in apple (Malus domestica L.) cultivars differing in flesh color expression, two cDNA libraries were constructed. Differences in gene expression between red flesh apple cultivar, 'Redfield' and white flesh apple cultivar, 'Granny Smith' were investigated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Expressed sequence tag (EST) of clones from the red flesh apple cultivar and white flesh apple cultivar were selected for nucleotide sequence determination and homology searches. High resolution melting (HRM) technique measures temperature induced strand separation of short PCR amplicons, and is able to detect variation as small as one base difference between red flesh apple cultivars and white flesh apple cultivars. We applied high resolution melting (HRM) analysis to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) based on the predicted SNP information derived from the apple EST database. All 103 pairs of SNPs were discriminated, and the HRM profiles of amplicons were established. Putative SNPs were screened from the apple EST contigs by HRM analysis displayed specific difference between 10 red flesh apple cultivars and 11 white flesh apple cultivars. In this study, we report an efficient method to develop SNP markers from an EST database with HRM analysis in apple. These SNP markers could be useful for apple marker assisted breeding and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in apple cultivars.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1093-1100
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a weight-reduction design method for the hybrid carbody of a high-speed maglev train that uses aluminum extrusion profiles and sandwich composites. A sandwich composite was used on the roof as a secondary member to minimize the weight. In order to assemble the sandwich composite roof and aluminum extrusion side frame of the carbody using welding, a guide aluminum frame located at the four sides of the sandwich composite roof was introduced in this study. The clamping force of this guide aluminum frame was verified by three-point bending test. The structural integrity and crashworthiness of the hybrid carbody of a high-speed maglev train were evaluated and verified according to the Korean Railway Safety Law using a commercial finite element analysis program. The results showed that the hybrid carbody composed of aluminum extrusion frames and a sandwich composite roof was lighter in weight than a carbody made only of aluminum extrusion profiles and had better structural performance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

Purpose: Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is a 65-kDa acute phase protein, derived from the liver, which is present in high concentrations in plasma. Data regarding the association between circulating plasma LBP levels and obesity-related biomarkers in the pediatric population are scarce. We aimed to determine whether there was a difference in plasma LBP levels between overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents and to assess the correlation of circulating LBP levels with anthropometric measures and obesity-related biomarkers, including insulin resistance, liver enzyme levels, and lipid profiles. Methods: The study included 87 adolescents aged 12-13 years; 44 were overweight/obese and 43 were of normal-weight. We assessed anthropometric and laboratory measures, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, insulin resistance, liver enzyme levels, and lipid profiles. Plasma LBP levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean age of the participants was $12.9{\pm}0.3$ years. Circulating plasma LBP levels were significantly increased in overweight/obese participants compared with those in normal-weight participants ($7.8{\pm}1.9{\mu}g/mL$ vs. $6.0{\pm}1.6{\mu}g/mL$, P<0.001). LBP levels were significantly and positively associated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance as indicated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all P<0.05). In multivariate linear regression analysis, BMI and HOMA-IR were independently and positively associated with plasma LBP levels. Conclusion: LBP is an inflammatory biomarker associated with BMI and obesity-related insulin resistance in adolescents. The positive correlation between these parameters suggests a potentially relevant pathophysiological mechanism linking LBP to obesity-related insulin resistance in adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1362-1366
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• 2005

To evaluate red ginseng-chungkukjang extracts (RC) on levels of blood sugar and serum lipids in diabetes rats fed with ethanol, SD rats were supplemented 2 mL of $20\%$ ethanol solution with or without RC by gastric intubation for 2 weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) injection and then body weight gains, food efficiency ratio (FER), water intake, urine volume, organ weight, levels of blood sugar and serum lipids were determined. Water intake and urine volume were not restored in STZ-treated rats by RC supplementation. On the other hand, decreased body weight gam and FER were restored in diabetes rats by RC supplementation. Furthermore, levels of blood sugar, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased by RC supplementation. The rate of mortality in diabetes rats was significantly inhibited by RC supplementation. These results suggest that inhibited rate of mortality in diabetes rats by supplementation of ethanol with RC was considered to be due to improvement of blood sugar and serum lipids levels by components of RC.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 2008

Pungent oils are fat sources that determine the taste, flavor, and satiety of foods. They are also energy sources and regulators of lipid metabolism in humans. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed oil (RPO) and sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) seed oil (SCO) as pungent oils on the lipid profiles of rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diets (0.12% cholesterol), as compared to common soybean oil (SBO). There were large differences in the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios of the experimental oils (SBO: 8.8, SCO: 1.2, RPO: 70.1). Serum cholesterol concentrations were higher in the RPO groups than in the other groups; whereas ratios of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol were lower in the RPO groups. On the other hand, liver cholesterol levels were markedly higher in the SCO groups than in the RPO groups, with the SBO groups having intermediate levels; these largely reflected cholesterol ester content differences in the rat livers. It is possible that the different serum cholesterol responses observed in the RPO and SCO groups might have been related to differences in the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio rather than the polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio. Serum triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the SCO groups as compared to the other groups. Overall, the results showed a hypocholesterolemic effect for sancho seed oil as compared to red pepper seed oil in rats fed diets containing 0.12% cholesterol.