• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.346-354
• /
• 2014

Fermented foods with probiotics having functional properties may provide beneficial effects on health. These effects are varied, depending on the type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Different probiotic LAB might have different functional properties. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the quality of fermented sausages manufactured with functional starter cultures (Lactobacillus plantarum 115 and 167, and Pediococcus damnosus L12) and different fat levels, and to determine the optimum condition for the manufacture of these products. Medium-fat (~15%) fermented sausages reduced the drying time and cholesterol contents, as compared to regular-fat counterparts. In proximate analysis, the contents of moisture and protein of regular-fat products were lower than medium-fat with reduced fat content. The regular-fat products also had a lighter color and less redness, due to reduced fat content. Approximately 35 volatile compounds were identified in functional fermented sausages, and hexanal, trans-caryophyllene, and tetradecanal were the major volatile compounds. Selected mixed starter culture showed the potential possibility of replacing the commercial starter culture (LK30 plus) in flavor profiles. However, medium-fat fermented sausage containing selected mixed starter culture tended to be less acceptable than their high-fat counterparts, due to excess dry ring developed in the surface. These results indicate that the use of combinations of L. plantarum 115 and 167, and P. damnosus L12 as a starter culture, will prove useful for manufacturing the fermented sausage.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 2002

The election profiles with different flow rates of motile phase were experimentally measured to investigate the effects on HETP in capillary gas chromatography. Based on the correlation coefficient ($r^2$), the first and second moments as well as HETP were determined from the elution cuties, and the parameters used in empirical equations were estimated. The empirical equations were expressed in terms of mobile phase velocity, and the theoretical Golay equation was considered. The samples were d-limonene and perillyl alcohol, potential anticancer agent mainly was contained in the peel of orange. From the experimental results, HETP of the samples were increased with mobile phase velocities. The correlation coefficient of d-limonene was in the range between 0.8265 and 0.8465, while that of perillyl alcohol was between 0.9353 and 0.9374. The total HETP was composed of $H_{g}$, $H_{l}$ and Hc, and Hg had the greatest effect on HETP, but HI showed a negligible effect. In terms of HETP, the optimum velocity of mobile phase was present.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2010

A two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to predict the temperature and moisture-content profiles of a tumble dryer during infrared drying. The model is based on the movements of liquid water and moisture in the object and on the fluid and heat transfer in the drying air. The model was solved by the finite volume analysis for the fluid, temperature, and radiation intensity fields. After deriving the governing equations and developing the two-dimensional tumble dryer models, numerical investigations were carried out to examine the effects of various parameters such as the heater temperature and the heating patterns on the drying mechanism of the tumble dryer. All the results show that the drying time can be reduced by using the IR heater.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.352-360
• /
• 2004

To investigate the antioxidative effects of an etbylacetate fraction extracted from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Chrysanthemi Flos) on the antioxidative system and lipid profiles of rats with ethanol induced hepatotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100\~150$ g were divided into 5 groups: normal group (NOR), Chrysanthemi Flos EtOAC fraction (200 mg/kg) treated group (S1), $35\%$ etbanol (10 mL/kg) treated group (S2), Chrysanthemi Flos EtOAC fraction (200 mg/kg) and ethanol concomitantly treated group (S3) and Chrysanthemi Flos EtOAC fraction (400 mg/kg) and ethanol concomitantly treated group (S4), respectively. The antioxidative activity of each fraction was decreased in order of EtOAC, n-hexane, n-BuOH, water and chloroform. The growth rates and feed efficiency ratios were decreased by ethanol treatment, but were gradually restored to similar levels as in the NOR group by administering Chrysanthemi Flos EtOAC fraction. The whole blood concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and the activities of ALT and AST that were elevated by ethanol were significantly decreased in the Chrysanthemi Flos EtOAC fraction treated groups. It was also observed that the activities of SOD, catalase, xanthine oxidase and GSH-Px elevated by ethanol in rat liver were markedly decreased in the Chrysanthemi Flos EtOAC fraction treated group as compared to S2. These results suggest that Chrysanthemi Flos EtOAC fraction has possible protective effects against ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.440-447
• /
• 2000

Microspheres of felodipine, which is one of the calcium channel blocker using a mixture of Eudragi $t^{R}$ RL, L, E, and cellulose on the base of Eudragi $t^{R}$ RS were investigated. Cremopho $r^{R}$ was added to each preparation of polymers in order to increase the release of felodipine from microspheres. Felodipine-loaded microspheres were prepared by a solvent evaporation method, which is based on dispersion of methylene chloride containing felodipine and polymers in 0.5 w/v % polyvinyl alcohol solution. The average diameter based on the size distribution of the felodipine-loaded microspheres was observed to be ca. 40-55 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. A good and smooth surface were showed in all types of the microspheres. The amount of felodipine loaded was over 90 w/w % in all types of microspheres. The dissolution profiles of felodipine from microspheres were similar with each type of polymer, and about a 60 w/w % of the total amount of felodipine loaded to microsphere was released within 7 hours. Dissolution rate of felodipine from the microsphere was increased by addition of Cremophor. After oral administration of the felodipine-loaded microspheres in PVA solution and felodipine alone in PEG solution to rats, respectively, the pharmacokinetic study revealed that the Tmax values of the microspheres were observed in the range of 0.67~l.0 hr while that of the felodipine solution was obtained 0.33 hr. In addition, the AUC of the microspheres at 0 to 7 hr was remarkably increased in comparison to that of felodipine solution. These results revealed that the microspheres based on Eudragit RS could be a good candidate for the controlled release drug delivery system for felodipine.e.e.e.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2021

The effect of buckwheat dietary fiber (BDF) as hypolipidemic and antioxidant agent were determined in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) with different doses of 500 (low, BDF-L) or 1,000 (high, BDF-H) mg/kg of body weight, compared with the HFD-diet control group (HFD). The negative control group (ND) was fed the basal diet. Body weights in the BDF-L and BDF-H groups were significantly decreased as compared to those in the HFD group (p<0.05). BDF also improved the lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner; serum lipid profiles and levels of insulin, glucose, and free fatty acid were significantly decreased in the BDF-L and BDF-H groups, whereas HDL-C and adiponectin significantly increased as compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, BDF lowered serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison with the HFD group (p<0.05). The results demonstrate that the intake of BDF might prevent obesity and its related metabolic disorders by inducing dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.44.1-44.7
• /
• 2020

The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), greatly varies from patient to patient. In the present study, we explored and compared mutation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from mildly affected and severely affected COVID-19 patients in order to explore any relationship between mutation profile and disease severity. Genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were downloaded from Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database. With the help of Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool, genomic sequences were aligned with the Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus reference sequence and all the mutations were identified. Distribution of mutant variants was then compared between mildly and severely affected groups. Among the numerous mutations detected, 14408C>T and 23403A>G mutations resulting in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) P323L and spike protein D614G mutations, respectively, were found predominantly in severely affected group (>82%) compared with mildly affected group (<46%, p < 0.001). The 241C>T mutation in the non-coding region of the genome was also found predominantly in severely affected group (p < 0.001). The 3037C>T, a silent mutation, also appeared in relatively high frequency in severely affected group compared with mildly affected group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). We concluded that spike protein D614G and RdRp P323L mutations in SARS-CoV-2 are associated with severity of COVID-19. Further studies will be required to explore whether these mutations have any impact on the severity of disease.

• Integrative Medicine Research
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2014

Background: The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3)is constitutively activated in many human cancers. It promotes tumor cell proliferation,inhibits apoptosis, induces angiogenesis and metastasis, and suppresses antitumor hostimmune responses. Therefore, Stat3 has emerged as a promising molecular target for cancertherapies. In this study, we evaluated the Stat3-suppressive activity of 38 herbal medicinestraditionally used in Korea.Methods: Medicinal herb extracts in 70% ethanol were screened for their ability to suppressStat3 in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. A Stat3-responsive reporter assay system wasused to detect intracellular Stat3 activity in extract-treated cells, and Western blot analyseswere performed to measure the expression profiles of Stat3-regulated proteins.Results: Fifty percent of the 38 extracts possessed at least mild Stat3-suppressive activities(i.e., activity less than 75% of the vehicle control). Ethanol extracts of Bupleurum falcatumL., Taraxacum officinale Weber, Solanum nigrum L., Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, Euonymus alatusSieb., Artemisia capillaris Thunb., and Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill inhibited up to 75% of thevehicle control Stat3 activity level. A549 cells treated with these extracts also had reducedBcl-xL, Survivin, c-Myc, and Mcl-1 expression.Conclusion: Many medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea contain Stat3 activity-suppressing substances. Because of the therapeutic impact of Stat3 inhibition, these resultscould be useful when developing novel cancer therapeutics from medicinal herbs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2024

Objectives: Understanding patterns of quality of life in people who inject drugs (PWID) can help healthcare providers plan and manage their health problems in a more focused manner. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify patterns of health-related quality of life in PWID in southeast Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in southeast Iran on men who had injected drugs at least once during the last year. We used convenience sampling in 2 drop-in centers and venue-based sampling at 85 venues. Demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life were evaluated using the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns of quality of life. Results: This study enrolled 398 PWID, who had a mean age of 34.1±11.4 years. About 47.9% reported a prison history in the last 10 years, 59.2% had injected drugs in the last month, and 31.6% had a history of sharing syringes. About 46.3% reported having 2 or more sexual partners in the last 6 months, and 14.7% had a history of sex with men. Out of the 5 EQ-5D-5L profiles, the fifth profile had the most people (36.6%). Most variations in quality of life were related to pain and discomfort. Conclusions: We showed that the pain and discomfort dimension of EQ-5D-5L had more variation in PWID. This finding will be useful for allocating appropriate interventions and resources to promote health-related quality of life in this population.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.80 no.2
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2017

Background: Streptomycin (SM) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a part of standard regimens for retreating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases. The incidence of MDR-TB in retreatment cases was 19% in Thailand. To date, information on SM resistance (SMR) gene mutations correlated to the SMR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thai isolates is limited. In this study, the mutations in rpsL, rrs, gidB, and whiB7 were investigated and their association to SMR and the lineage of M. tuberculosis were explored. Methods: The lineages of 287 M. tuberculosis collected from 2007 to 2011 were identified by spoligotyping. Drug susceptibility profiles were evaluated by the absolute concentration method. Mutations in SMR genes of 46 SM-resistant and 55 SM-susceptible isolates were examined by DNA sequencing. Results: Three rpsL (Lys43Arg, Lys88Arg, and Lys88Thr) and two gidB (Trp45Ter and Gly69Asp) mutations were present exclusively in the SM resistant M. tuberculosis. Lys43Arg rpsL was the most predominant SMR mutations (69.6%) and prevailed among Beijing isolates (p<0.001). No SMR-related mutation in was found rrs. The combination of rpsL and gidB mutations provided 76.1% sensitivity for detecting SMR in M. tuberculosis Thai isolates. whiB7 was not responsible for SMR in SM resistant isolates lacking rpsL and rrs mutations. The significance of the three gidB mutations, 276A>C, 615A>G, and 330G>T, as lineage signatures for Beijing and EAI were underscored. This study identified 423G>A gidB as a novel sub-lineage marker for EAI6-BGD1. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the majority of SMR in M. tuberculosis Thai isolates were responsible by rpsL and gidB polymorphisms constantly providing the novel lineage specific makers.