• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1990

Protoplasts, isolated from leaf of N. tabacum NR-/SR+ and N. glottnosa were electrofused and divided with a plating efficiency of 30∼35% in AAPI 9M medium. Green callus lines were selected in protoplast-derived colonies on MSNO3 selection medium with 1.2mg/ml streptomycin sulfate on the basis of nitrate reductase proficiency and streptomycin resistance. Four putative hybrid plant lines regenerated from the green callus lines had intermediate morphology between that of parents with respect to floral shape, corolla length and ovate leaf blade. Zymograms of leaf peroxidase and esterase from these putative hybrid plant lines showed isozyme profiles derived from both parents and also, they exhibited additional and lost bands. Cytological analysis of two putative hybrid plant lines gave chromosome counts of 2n=66 in L22 and 2n=54 in L44 which were less than the expected number of N. tabacum(2n=48) and N. glutinosa(2n=24).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.313-316
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• 2006

To obtain antibiotic resistant profiles of Bifidobacterium, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 14 antibiotics for 93 Bifidobacterium isolates from Korean intestine origin were determined. All strains tested were sensitive to chloramphenicol, rifampicin, and amoxicillin, whereas resistant to aminoglycoside family, nalidixic acid, and vancomycin. Among vancomycin-resistant strains, 34% were resistant at more than $100\;{\mu}g/mL$, and showed variant resistances toward tetracycline, erythromycin, and penicillin. Their resistances against penicillin, cephalothin, and tetracycline were higher than ten years ago. MIC of ten isolates from commercial yoghurt products were very similar to those of strains from Korean intestine origin, and 20% strains showed resistance at higher than $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ vancomycin. These results indicated patterns of antibiotic resistance against Bifidobacterium from Korean intestine origin and commercial yoghurts were very similar,and prevalence of vancomycin resistance for Bifidobacterium was 20%. To develop new probiotic, antibiotic resistance of vancomycin and risks involved should be evaluated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

Compound bows use levering systems consisting of cables and cam pulleys to bend limbs that are much stiffer than those of recurve bows, thus storing more energy while requiring less force for the archer to hold the bow at a fully drawn position. Many patents have thus far been proposed to improve the efficiency and performance of compound bows through empirical methods, whereas only a few analytical methods have been proposed. In this light, this paper presents a method for the kinematic analysis of levering systems in compound bows so that a designer can easily predict the effects of changes in the cam profiles and limb materials.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2000

Deflazacort, an oxazoline derivative of prednisolone, has been claimed to have anti-inflammatory effects with fewer side effects compared to prednisone. The objectives of the study were to evaluate efficacy and safety of deflazacort in children with nephrotic syndrome. Eligible Patients were the children with nephrotic syndrome who were treated with deflazacort from October. 1994 to April. 1999. Nephrotic syndrome was defined as having albumin level of less than 2.5 mg/dL and 24-hour urinary protein excretion of greater than $40\;mg/m^2/hr$. The primary parameters evaluating the efficacy of deflazacort were response rate, time to respond and relapse frequency. The safety profiles were the impact on children's growth, calcium sparing effect, glucose metabolism, lipid profile and adverse drug reactions. As results, total of 60 children were evaluated (47 boys, 13 girls). Response rate was $95\%$ (57/60) for initial and late responders. Median time to respond was 12 days (range 7-110 days) and median relapse frequency was one time (range 0-6). Weight/height ratio increased from $22.05\pm3.47\;to\23.20\pm3.44\;kg/m$ (p<0.001) and plasma calcium level, from $7.55\pm3.86\;to\;9.98\pm3.77\;mg/dL$ after treatment (p<0.001). Change of fasting glucose level was not statistically significant $(91.92\pm3.53\;vs.\;98.19\pm4.78\;mg/dL,\;p=0.072)$, while change of total cholesterol was significant $(362.3\pm12.0\;vs\;251.4\pm11.5\;mg/dL$, p<0.001). In conclusion, patients on deflazacort showed similar efficacy in treatment of nephrotic syndrome as reported for prednisone with less impact on growth inhibition and metabolic side effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.784-792
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control programs on BMI, serum profiles, nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 33 adult obese women aged 30-65 years residing in Seoul. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise for 12 weeks. The weight control experience of the subjects was 60.6%. They preferred physical exercise and diet restriction to weight control and 72.7% of subjects answered that the reasons for wanting to control their weight was health. The BMI of test subjects significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 28.3 to 27.1 after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the % body fat significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 36.4% to 34.5% after completion of the weight control program. SGPT levels in the serum were also significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the program. Triglyceride levels significantly decreased from 194.9 mg/dL to 98.1 mg/dL (p<0.01) and the HDL cholesterol level significantly increased (p<0.01) from 55.8 mg/dL to 60.0 mg/dL after completion of the weight control program. Nutritional knowledge and eating behavior scores were significantly increased (p<0.001). In addition, the eating self-efficacy of the subjects was significantly increased (p<0.01); however, the food diversity scores were not changed after the program. These results suggest that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to promote weight reduction and improve nutritional knowledge and eating behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.809-817
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the effects of hamburger patties added sea tangle powder and/or cooked rice on postprandial plasma glucose and lipid levels. Four patties were prepared; one control patty (C) and three experimental patties (L, LI, and LII). L was the patty with sea tangle powder substituted for 2.5% of meat while LI and LII were the patties with cooked rice containing sea tangle powder substituted for 25% and 50% of meat, respectively. Ten healthy women voluntarily participated in the clinical test. Plasma glucose and lipid levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after consuming each of the four patties. After consuming L, LI, or LII, changes in area under curve (${\Delta}$-AUCs) of plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower than that after consuming C. However, ${\Delta}$-AUCs of plasma HDL-cholesterol after consuming L, LI, or LII were significantly higher than that after consuming C. These results indicate that the patty substituted with 2.5% sea tangle powder for meat might improve blood glucose concentration, whereas patties substituted with cooked rice containing 25% or 50% sea tangle powder might ameliorate plasma lipid profiles.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2017

Legionnaires' disease (LD) is a severe and potentially fatal pneumonia caused by colonization of human-made water system and subsequent aerosolization and inhalation of Legionella bacteria. A total of 147 Legionella strains was isolated from environmental water sources from public facilities in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The distribution of Legionella isolates was investigated according to facility type, and sample type. L. pneumophila was distributed broadly throughout Gyeonggi-do, accounting for 85.7% of the isolates, and L. pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 predominated in all of the public facilities. L. wadsworthii predominated among non-L. pneumophila species. We performed comparative analyses of L. pneumophila sg 1 isolated from environment water of public facilities in Gyeonggi-do by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and sequence-based typing (SBT). Thirty-two isolates were classified into 22 types by PFGE and 9 sequence types (STs) by SBT and categorized into 3 groups. ST1 was the most prevalent sequence type and two STs obtained in this study had unique allelic profiles. The use of SBT data from different countries for epidemiology study of LD constitutes a technically uncomplicated and relatively easy method for strain subtyping, especially compared to other contemporary techniques.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1370-1377
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• 2005

Purpose : Delineation of serum lipid and lipoprotein values in children after Kawasaki disease(KD) is important because of the predilection of this disease for the coronary arteries. Methods : The KD group was composed of 51 patients who were hospitalized from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2003. Control was 25 patients with non-KD febrile illness. The levels of total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1(apo A1), apolipoprotein B, and Lipoprotein(a) were measured and compared with Echocardiographic findings. Measurements were obtained in four time periods: acute febrile, subacute, convalescent phase and 1 year after KD. Results : HDL-C($33.64{\pm}7.49mg/dL$ vs $50.43{\pm}14.41mg/dL$, P<0.01) and apo A1($99.75{\pm}6.39mg/dL$ vs $113.34{\pm}11.35mg/dL$, P<0.05) were decreased more in the acute febrile period of KD than in the control, but these changes were not correlated with cardiac complications. All lipid profiles were markedly elevated in the subacute stage and normalized in the convalescent stage; there were no changes until 1-year follow up. There were no significant differences in the changes of lipid profiles, including Lp(a) and coronary dilatation, in any time periods. Conclusion : KD is associated with important abnormalities in lipid metabolism, but these changes were transient and appear to be due to the disease itself. These data lead us to infer that KD dose not cause such permanent changes in lipid abnormalities as to be considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis, beyond that caused by the disease itself.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.236-246
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• 2014

Purpose: Walnut is known to have unique favorable fatty acids, phytochemicals, and other nutrient profiles. As a result, there has been growing interest in evaluation of its health benefit related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although inverse associations of nut consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular disease have been reported in many epidemiological studies and qualitative reviews, few meta-analysis studies have been reported. This meta-analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a walnut-enhanced diet on CVD risk factors. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and KISS (Korean studies Information Service System) through July 2014. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on 17 trials reporting total cholesterol (TC), 14 trials reporting LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), 15 trials reporting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), 17 trials reporting triglyceride (TG), and four trials reporting flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results: In meta-analysis, intake of a walnut-enhanced diet resulted in significantly lowered TC, LDL-C, and TG by -0.124 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.209, -0.039; p = 0.004), -0.085 mmol/lL (95% CI, -0.167, -0.004; p = l0.039), and -0.080 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.155, -0.004; p = 0.039), respectively. The overall pooled estimate of the effect on FMD was +1.313% (95% CI, 0.744, 1.882, p = 0.000). HDL-C was not affected by walnut intake. No statistical heterogeneity was observed for any analysis. Results of funnel plots and Egger's regression suggested a low likelihood of publication bias in all biomarkers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this meta-analysis provide consistent evidence that walnut-enhanced diet intake reduces the CVD risk factors.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

Safflower is an important medicinal plant that has been used in China, Korea and Japan for thousands of years. The red and yellow pigments obtained from the petals of safflower can invigorate blood, release stagnation and promote menstruation. In addition, these pigments are used safely in processed foods and soft drinks as naturally harmless rotor additives. On the other hand, the seed of safflower contains 30-40% oil with higher level of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatfy acid profiles and elevated levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol. In this paper, we describe advances in the production of pigments and $\alpha$-tocopherol by cell culture in safflower.