• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.47-56
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• 1999

Tensile energy absorption in paper has long been measured as the area under the load-elongation curve. Little effort has been made to define where and how that energy is used within the paper itself. Characterization of tensile energy absorption in paper is discussed. Multiple small elements within newsprint and kraft sack have been defined and the energy absorbed in those elements are discussed. The tensile profiles of the weak paper, newsprint, and the tough paper, kraft sack, are presented as separate strain profiles, stress profiles, and strain energy density profiles. This allows a complete analysis of the energy absorption of both papers for comparison or contrast.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 1992

The soluble antigen profiles and antigenic specificities of Leptospira interrogans serovars icterhaemorrhagiae, canicola, pomona and hardjo were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, crossed immunoeletrophoresis and immunoblotting. The profiles of protein, glycoprotein and fraction containing N-acetylglucosamine of 4 serovars were compared. The protein profiles of 4 serovars were very similar except the range of 14,400 to 30,000 daltons. Molecular weight of glycoprotein of L, pomona was lower than other serovars. L canicola showed extra N-acetylglucosamine bands having molecular weight of 82,000 and 90,000 daltons. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis, a close antigenic relationship was found between L icterohaemorrhagiae and L canicola. In immunoblottings conducted with soluble antigens and rabbit antisera of 4 serovars, Leptospira interrogans serovars possessed cross-reactive antigens and serovar-specific antigens. The molecular weights of serovar-specific antigens were 45,000, 82,000 and 90,000, 31,000 and 24,000 daltons in L icterohaemorrhagiae, L canicola, L pomona, and L hardjo, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1125-1142
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• 2016

Tunneling is one of the challenging tasks in civil engineering because it involves a variety of decision making and engineering judgment based on knowledge and experience. One of the challenges is to construct tunnels in risky areas under shallow overburden. In order to prevent the collapse of ceilings and walls of a large tunnels, in such conditions, either a sequential excavation method (SEM) or ground reinforcing method, or a combination of both, can be utilized. This research deals with the numerical modeling of L-profiles and pipe fore-poling pre-support systems in the adit tunnel in northwestern Iran. The first part of the adit tunnel has been drilled in alluvial material with very weak geotechnical parameters. Despite applying an SEM in constructing this tunnel, analyzing the results of numerical modeling done using FLAC3D, as well as observations during drilling, indicate the tunnel instability. To improve operational safety and to prevent collapse, pre-support systems, including pipe fore-poling and L-profiles were designed and implemented. The results of the numerical modeling coupled with monitoring during operation, as well as the results of instrumentation, indicate the efficacy of both these methods in tunnel collapse prevention. Moreover, the results of modeling using FLAC3D and SECTION BUILDER suggest a double angle with equal legs ($2L100{\times}100{\times}10mm$) in both box profile and tee array as an alternative section to pipe fore-poling system while neither $L80{\times}80{\times}8mm$ nor $2L80{\times}80{\times}8mm$ can sustain the axial and shear stresses exerted on pipe fore-poling system.

• 천문학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.119-122
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• 2007

From the HCN observations of dense molecular cloud L694-2, Lee et al.(2007) determined internal distributions of density and velocity for the cloud. The density profile collaborates roughly with the Bonnor- Ebert gas sphere, but the velocity field departs significantly from the result of numerical simulations that are started from the BE sphere. Taking L694-2 as an example of collapsing clouds, we have performed a series of collapse simulations and determined initial configurations for the cloud in such a way that the resulting density and velocity profiles both match with the empirically deduced ones. Among many trial configurations the cloud which is initially uniform in density and bound by an expanding envelop depicts most closely the empirically obtained profiles of both density and velocity.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.193-213
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• 2017

This study aimed to explore online learning profiles of in-service teachers in South Korea, focusing on video lecture and discussion activities. A total of 269 teachers took an online professional development course for 14 days, using an online learning platform from which web log data were collected. The data showed the frequency of participation and the initial participation time, which was closely related to procrastinating behaviors. A cluster analysis revealed three online learning profiles of in-service teachers: procrastinating (n=42), passive interaction (n=136), and active learning (n=91) clusters. The active learning cluster showed high-level participation in both video lecture and discussion activities from the beginning of the online course, whereas the procrastinating cluster was seldom engaged in learning activities for the first half of the learning period. The passive interaction cluster was actively engaged in watching video lectures from the beginning of the online course but passively participated in discussion activities. As a result, the active learning cluster outperformed the passive interaction cluster in learning achievements. The findings were discussed in regard to how to improve online learning environments through considering online learning profiles of in-service teachers.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.979-982
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding Tenebrio molitor L Powder to broiler feed on fatty acid profiles in broiler breast meat. In total, 180 broiler chicks (1-day old Arbor Acres) were included. The birds were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, with 3 replicate subgroups each(30 birds per subgroup), and fed a diet for 35 days without (control) or with 1% Tenebrio molitor L powder (treatment). Among individual fatty acids, addition of Tenebrio molitor L. powder resulted in slightly higher C18:1n-9, C20:3n-3 and C20:3n-6 contents, and lower C18:2n-6 content compared withcontrols (p<0.05). No remarkable differences in total SFA and total USFA contents were found between groups. In conclusion, inclusion of Tenebrio molitor L. in broiler diets did not improve overall fatty acid profiles.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2008

Objectives: Though overt thyroid dysfunction is well recognized to affect serum lipid profiles and obesity, there are conflicting reports on the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on serum lipid profiles and obesity. In most reports, the definition of the upper normal limit of serum thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) of 4.0${\sim}$5.0mU/L has been used to diagnose. However, recent studies have suggested a much lower TSH cut off with an upper limit of 2.5mU/L, because >95% of rigorously screened normal euthyroid volunteers had serum TSH values between 0.4 and 2.5mU/L. Therefore we defined subclinical hypothyroidism as a TSH level greater than 2.5mU/L. We sought to evaluate the correlations of subclinical hypothyroidism with obesity index and serum lipid profiles Methods: TSH levels were measured in 6190 men and 4223 women that participated in health examination and free T4, lipid profiles (total-cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C), and obesity index (body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, C-reactive protein) were also measured. Results: There were significant differences of triglyceride between subclinical hypothyroidism men and normal control subjects. In women, there were also significant differences of triglyceride and LDL-C between subclinical hypothyroidism and normal control subjects. Subclinical hypothyroidism women showed significant correlations of TSH with total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein. Subclinical hypothyroidism men and women with a TSH level 2.5${\sim}$4.0mU/L had significant differences of triglyceride and body fat. In men, there were significant differences of waist circumference andC-reactive protein. In women, there were significant differences of LDL-C. Conclusions: We have demonstrated correlations of subclinical hypothyroidism with serum lipid profiles and obesity index. These findings suggested that subclinical hypothyroidism people had an increased risk of dyslipidemia and obesity. Subclinical hypothyroidism people with a TSH level 2.5${\sim}$4.0mU/L may be also considered suspect since it may signal a case of evolving thyroid underactivity eligible to be prevented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1993

To investigate the nature and location of the nisin-resistance determinant of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 7962 (L. lactis 7962), a total plasmid DNA prepared from L. lactis 7962, a nisin producer, was used to transform L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230, a plasmid-free and nisin-sensitive strain, by protoplast mediated transformation procedures. All of the nisin-resistant transformants acquired the ability to utilize sucrose at the same time, confirming the close linkage between these two determinants in L. lactis 7962. The plasmid DNA profiles of a few selected nisin-resistant transformants were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. No common plasmid was found among the transformants and some small plasmids previously not present in L. lactis 7962 were detected. These transformants were named as L. lactis KL1, KL2, KL3, KL4, or KL5, respectively based on their plasmid profiles. Growth curves of all transformants were similar to that of L. lactis LM0230, but different from that of L. lactis 7962. L. lactis KL5 showed the highest level of resistance to nisin, growing up to 1, 200 IU nisin/ml after 40 hr incubation. Some nisin-sensitive derivatives of KL1 or KL2 were obtained by plasmid curing experiments. The plasmid DNA profiles of the nisin-sensitive KL1 derivatives were apparently the same as that of the KL1. All of the nisin-sensitive KL2 derivatives were plasmid-free, but a nisin-resistant strain with no apparent plasmid was also obtained. These results indicate that the nisin-resistance of the $Nis^r$ transformants is presumably mediated by the chromosomally located gene(s) rather than plasmid-encoded gene(s).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2015

내접형 기어펌프에 사용되는 지로터의 경우, 소결 공정기술의 발달로 복잡한 형상의 가공이 용이하며 내구성과 소형화의 장점이 있으나, 자동차의 연비효율 개선을 위한 유량증대 및 소음저감을 위한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 병진이동에 의한 지로터 치형의 형상조합 알고리즘이 가지는 형상 불연속성을 개선하기 위하여 회전이동 및 병진이동을 이용한 형상조합 알고리즘을 개발하였으며, 이를 토대로 개발된 설계 프로그램을 이용하여 3-타원이 조합된 경우와 타원 1-인벌루트-타원 2 이조합된 경우에 대해 치형형상을 도출하고, 형상에 따른 로터의 주요성능(유량, 유량맥동, 미끄럼률 및 압력각)을 계산하였다. 해석결과를 토대로 조합된 치형형상에 대한 최적설계를 수행하였으며, 기존 치형과의 성능 비교를 통하여 설계의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2006

This study was conducted to examine the correlation among meals variety, obesity index, blood pressure, and lipid profiles of Korean adults. A total of 308 adults(men 124, women 184) measured the anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, dietary intake using 24-hour recall method, and serum lipid profile. The average ages of the study subjects were 50.9 yrs in men and 51.4 yrs in women. The average height, weight and BMI were 166.3 cm, 68.4 kg, $24.7\;kg/cm^2$ in men and 154.3 cm, 59.8 kg, $25.0\;kg/cm^2$ in women, respectively. The numbers of food items in meal of men and women were 14.1, 15.9 for breakfast, 15.7, 15.9 for lunch, 14.7, 14.1 for dinner, respectively. The numbers of dish items in meal of men and women were 4.0, 4.3 for breakfast, 4.3, 4.3 for lunch, 4.2, 3.9 for dinner, respectively. The average blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were 126.6/76.0 mmHg, 181.0 mg/dL, 157.7 mg/dL, 40.9 mg/dL, 108.6 mg/dL, 3.5 in men and 123.2/73.6 mmHg, 185.0 mg/dL, 137.3 mg/dL, 44.8 mg/dL, 112.7 mg/dL, 3.2 in women, respectively. The total cholesterol was negatively correlated to the number of food item for lunch(p<0.05). Therefore, more systematic studies to investigate the meal variety roles of blood lipids in meals of adults were required.