• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2005

To investigate plant protection, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and plant defense enzymes related to cell wall lignification were studied in pepper plants inoculated with antagonistic Bacillus subtilis HJ927 and pathogenic strain Phytophthora capsici. Phytophthora blight disease was reduced by $53\%$ in pepper roots when preinoculated with B. subtilis HJ927 against P. capsici. The activities of PR proteins (chitinase and ${\beta}$-1,3,-glucanase) and defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) decreased in roots of B. subtilis+P capsid-treated plants, but increased in leaves with time. The decrease and increase were much greater in P. capsici-treated plants than in B. subtilis HJ927+P capsici-treated plants, although P. capsici-treated plants had more severe damage. Therefore, changes of enzyme activities do not seem to be directly related to plant protection. We suggest that the change of these enzymes in pathogen-treated plants may be related to plant response rather than to resistance against pathogen attacks.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1973

Quantitative analysis was achieved by gas-liquid chromatographic method (GLC) with a single column system of OV-17 for 16 of free amino acids in Korean green tea and the contents of mineral in it was determined by atomic absorption flame emission. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Korean green tea contained Mn 1% or over out of the total ash content and $0.05{\sim}0.20%$ in the water extraction, as the major mineral. 2) Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and V were analyzed also by small quantities relatively and Co, Tin and Ywere not detected in the water extraction. 3) GLC indicated the presence of 16 components in free ammo acids. 4) The quantities of free amino acids in Korean green tea were determined $2.96{\sim}6.61%$ Alanine, $1.01{\sim}l.89mg%$ Glycine, $2.07{\sim}7.81mg%$ Valine, $1.27{\sim}8.76mg%$ Leucine and Isoleucine, $94.31{\sim}316.27mg%$ Threonine, $9.10{\sim}39.91mg%$ Serine, $2.18{\sim}36.76mg%$ Hydroxyproline, $2.72{\sim}5.90mg%$ Proline, $39.64{\sim}70.02mg%$ Aspartic Acid, $25.93{\sim}101.28mg%$ Glutamic Acid and Lysine, $8.32{\sim}18.30mg%$ Phenylalanine and Tyrosine in trace amount. 5) The total free amino acid contents in Korean green tea ranged from 207.24mg% to 516.06mg% and Moo-Deoung tea contained outstandingly high, 516 mg% or over.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1720-1726
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• 2014

(S)-Alanine Racemase Chiral Analogue ((S)-ARCA) was used as an efficient adsorbent for the selective separation of D-amino acids (D-AAs), which are industrially important as chiral building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. The organic phase, containing (S)-ARCA adsorbent and phase transfer reagents, such as ionic liquid type molecules (Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPPC), Octyltriphenylphosponium bromide (OTPPBr)), were coated on the surfaces of mesoporous carbon supports. For the immobilization of chiral adsorbents, meso/macroporous monolithic carbon (MMC), having bimodal pore structures with high surface areas and pore volumes, were fabricated. The separation of chiral AAs by adsorption onto the heterogeneous (S)-ARCA was performed using a continuous flow type packed bed reactor system. The effects of loading amount of ARCA on the support, the molar ratio of AA to ARCA, flow rates, and the type of phase transfer reagent (PTR) on the isolation yields and the optical purity of product D-AAs were investigated. D-AAs were selectively combined to (S)-ARCA through imine formation reaction in an aqueous basic solution of racemic D/L-AA. The (S)-ARCA coated MMC support showed a high selectivity, up to 95 ee%, for the separation of D-type phenylalanine, serine and tryptophan from racemic mixtures. The ionic liquids TPPC and OTPPBr exhibited superior properties to those of the ionic surfactant Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), as a PTR, showing constant optical purities of 95 ee%, with high isolation yields for five repeated reuses. The unique separation properties in this heterogeneous adsorption system should provide for an expansion of the applications of porous materials for commercial processes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2017

Changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes and isoforms in human serum have a major diagnostic value, therefore the regulation of ALP activities is a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. To assess the pharmacological activity of retinoids, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid, their tissue-specific inhibitory effect on human serum ALP activity was elucidated by chemical inhibition methods, heat-sensitive inactivation, and wheat-germ lectin precipitation test. Retinoids showed significant inhibition of the total ALP activity in human serum at a concentration of 5 mM. All-trans retinoic acid (5 mM) and 13-cis retinoic acid (5 mM) inhibited ALP activities by up to 12% and 15%, respectively, compared to that by guanidine hydrochloride (200 mM). L-phenylalanine (100 mM) and urea (30 mM) had no further inhibitory effect on ALP activities in human serum pretreated with retinoids (5 mM). Retinoids significantly inhibited ALP activities by up to 20% compared with that of tetramisole (30 mM). The ALP activities in retinoid-pretreated serum remained unchanged after the heat inactivation process. These results suggest that retinoids are inhibitors of the intestinal ALP isoenzyme. Remarkably, retinoids revealed potent inhibitory activities against ALP in wheat-germ lectin precipitant serum, indicating that they also function as inhibitors of the bone ALP isoform. The results show that retinoids inhibit the specific tissue-derived human serum ALP activities, moreover, the inhibitory effect of retinoids against bone ALP activity suggests their clinical utility as monitoring and prevention of metastasis of bone cancer.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.522-526
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• 2003

불량 참외의 효율적 활용방안으로 농가에서 제조가 가능한 식초의 제조방법을 개발하기 위하여 탁주 술덧에 참외를 첨가한 식초의 품질특성을 분석하였다. 총산에 영향을 미치는 초기 산도는 모든 구간에서 4일째 급격히 증가하였으나 수율의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 발효과정 중의 색도는 L값의 경우 발효 8일까지 증가하다 감소하였으며 참외 30%처리구(A)가 가장 높게 나타났으며 a값은 밀입국 처리구(B)가 전반적으로 높게 나타나는 경향이었으며 b값은 모든 처리구에서 발효초기보다 감소하는 경향이었다. 유기산은 oxalic, tartaric, malic, lactic, acetic, citric 및 succinic acid가 모든 구간에서 검출되었으며, acetic acid의 경우 모든 처리구에서 큰 함량 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 유리아미노산은 원료에 따라 유리아미노산 함량에 큰 차이를 보였으며 alanine, arginine, glutamic acid 및 phenylalanine 등의 순으로 높은 함량을 나타냈으며 특히 밀입국 15%(C)에서는 tyrosine이 35.70 mg%를 나타내어 다른 처리구에 비해 많은 함량을 나타내었다. 탁주술덧에 참외를 첨가한 식초의 품질은 전반적으로 우수하였으며 원료에 따른 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2017

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1123-1126
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• 2006

소나무 잔나비버섯은 약용으로 이용하고자 구성아미노산, 유리아미노산, 비타민, 무기물의 성을 분석 검토한 결과 건조버섯 100 g당 총아미노산은 2901.5 mg, 유리아미노산 68.67 mg, 비타민 276.91 mg, 무기물은 347.37 mg이었다. 총 아미노산의 구성아미노산은 18종의 아미노산으로 구성되었으며, glutamic acid가 457 mg로 가장 많이 함유되었고, threonine, glycine, aspartic acid, valine등의 순으로 각각 279 mg, 241 mg, 233 mg, 233 mg의 함량이었다. 유리아미노산 중에서는 glutamine이 17.61 mg으로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, arginine, tryptophan, threonine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine이 각각 6.51 mg, 5.65 mg, 4.38 mg, 4.02 mg, 3.89 mg, 2.69 mg, 1.51 mg, 1.87 mg등의 순으로 구성되었다. 소나무잔나비 버섯의 무기물 구성 중, 성분 P가 77.57 mg로 가장 많이 함유되었고 다음으로 Mg, Fe, Ca, Na, Zn,등의 순이었다. 풍부한 아미노산 및 무기물 함량과 더불어 소나무잔나비 버섯의 비타민 성분 중, vitamin E는 275.76 mg으로 노화방지에 효과가 높을 것으로 사료되고, 추후 기능성 식품으로 이용적 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2004

This study was carried out to know the variation of soybean seed proteins, 11S and 7S globulins, and their amino acid compositions among different colored soybean varieties, 'Danbaegkong' (yellow), 'Pureunkong' (green) 'Jinyulkong' (brown), and 'Geoumjeongkong l' (black). Soybean seed proteins showed a wide range in molecular size, but the electrophoresis patterns of total seed protein subunits showed a similarity among different colored soybean varieties. Amino acid compositions of total seed proteins were similar for all soybean varieties tested. However, soybean varieties showed low composition rates in sulfur containing amino acids. The composition rates of cysteine and methionine in the 11S globulins were higher than those of total seed proteins and 7S globulins. Glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the 11S and 7S globulins than those of total seed proteins. However, the levels of methionine and phenylalanine are high in the 11S globulins, but those of valine and lysin are slightly lower than the 7S globulins. By using HPLC, we tried to analyse the soybean seed proteins. The 11S globulin was composed of 10 major peaks whereas the 7S globulin was composed of 4 major peaks. The composition rates of 11S related proteins have a tendency to increasing during the maturing whereas those of 7S related proteins have a tendency to decreasing. Composition rates of each peaks among different colored soybean varieties suggested that soybean seed proteins are varied, although they showed similarity in the electrophoresis patterns, and understanding of this characteristics is important for the utilization of soybeans.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.454-460
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• 2000

지용성 물질은 물에 용해되지 않아 수용액 효소반응계에서의 특정효과를 평가하기가 어렵다. 생체내에서 멜라닌을 합성하는 효소인 tyrosinase의 지용성 저해제를 탐색하고자 유기용매, 계면활성제 및 물로 구성된 광학적으로 투명한 RM을 도입하였다. Tyrosinase의 겉보기 반응이 물에서와 유사한 RM의 형성조건 중 유기용매는 isooctane, 계면활성제는 100 mM의 dioctyl sulfosuccinate(AOT)가 적절하였다. RM에서 물과 AOT의 몰 농도 비율이 15일 때 tyrosinase(103.5 units)는 기질인 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine(0.18 mM)에 대하여 수용액에서와 유사한 거동을 나타내었다. 또한 tyrosinase 저해제인 cinnamic acid 존재 하에서도 tyrosinase 촉매 반응의 반응 생성물이 반응 시간에 비례하여 형성됨이 확인되어 지용성 물질도 RM에서는 tyrosinase 저해활성이 가능함을 시사하였다. 따라서 RM은 수용성인 효소와 기질 그리고 지용성인 저해제를 모두 하나의 상(phase)에 용해시킬 수 있어 지용성 물질의 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 분석할 수 있는 중요한 수단으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2022

Marine resources have various biological activities and their constituents are more novel than those of land organisms. Several biologically active constituents have been found in marine organisms. Recently, many studies have reported that marine animals (MAs) can be used as functional ingredients in functional foods or nutraceutical due to their health benefits. However, no studies have extensively investigated the cosmeceutical activities of MAs extracts. Here, 70% ethanol extracts of 38 MAs were investigated for their activities of whitening and anti-aging properties for use as materials in novel cosmeceuticals. Anti-aging activities were determined by skin aging-related enzyme activities (anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-hyaluronidase) and whitening activities (anti-tyrosinase, anti-3,4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine [DOPA] oxidation) evaluated by colorimetric method. Among the 38 MAs, we found that Urechis unicinctus and Petrosia corticata extracts showed the strongest inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and DOPA oxidation, respectively. Our results additionally showed that Protankyra bidentata extract might provide a major source of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase; meanwhile, anti-collagenase effects were similar in most MAs. Overall, these results suggest that extracts of marine animals have potential as a tyrosinase, collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitors. Taken together, MA resources could be considered as a novel cosmeceutical agent to be applied in cosmetic industry.