• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.25-29
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• 2020

The elliptic curve crypto-algorithm is widely used in authentication for IoT environment, since it has small key size and low communication overhead compare to the RSA public key algorithm. If the scalar multiplication, a core operation of the elliptic curve crypto-algorithm, is not implemented securely, attackers can find the secret key to use simple power analysis or differential power analysis. In this paper, an elliptic curve scalar multiplication algorithm using a randomized scalar and an elliptic curve point blinding is suggested. It is resistant to power analysis but does not significantly reduce efficiency. Given a random r and an elliptic curve random point R, the elliptic scalar multiplication kP = u(P+R)-vR is calculated by using the regular variant Shamir's double ladder algorithm, where l+20-bit u≡rn+k(modn) and v≡rn-k(modn) using 2^lP=∓cP for the case of the order n=2^l±c.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2012

Survey on the phytoplankton community structure and distribution in the upstream watershed of the East River was carried out during the period from May, 2008 to April, 2009. A total composition of phytoplankton included 159 taxa, consisting of 7 orders, 56 genera, 139 species, and 40 unidenfied species. Among those, the diatoms and green algae were more frequently found during the investigation than the other taxa. Cocconeis placentula, Cymbella minuta, Diatoma vulgare, Melosira varians, Navicula cryptocephala, Scenedesmus acuminatus v. acuminatus, were among the most common. The standing crops of the phytoplankton ranged from 86 cells $mL^{-1}$ to 1,467 cells $mL^{-1}$. The dominant species were Achnanthes minutissima, Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira ambigua, Cocconeis placentula, Coelastrum microporum, Cyclotella sp., Cymbella affinis, C. minuta, C. tumida, Diatoma vulgare, Fragilaria capucina, F. construens, F. crotonensis, Gomphonema affine, G. clevei, Melosira varians, Merismopedia elegans, Navicula cryptocephala, N. pupula, Nitzschia tryblionella, Oscillatoria anna, O. limosa, O. tenuis v. tenuis, Pediastrum duplex v. reticulatum, Phormidium tenue, Scenedesmus acuminatus v. acuminatus, S. acutus v. acutus, S. ecornis v. ecornis, S. quadricauda v. quadricauda, Spirogyra sp., Stigeoclonium sp., Synedra acus, S. ulna, and Ulothrix sp. The most dominant species was Cymbella minuta. The diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index ranged from 1.58 to 3.10, 051 to 0.95, and 0.22 to 0.74, respectively. The phytoplankton community structure of upstream stations of the survey area was influenced by the effluent of the Doam Lake.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

Column tests were carried out to examine the effect of surfactant solution conditions on the surfactant-enhanced remediation of soil columns contaminated by toluene. The conditioned parameters of the surfactant solution for the column tests were concentration, pH, temperature and flow rate. The test results revealed that an optimum condition was achieved for 4% (v/v) of concentration, 10 of pH, $20^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 4 mL/min of flow rate respectively. The removal of 95% of toluene was obtained when optimal conditions of each surfactant solution parameter were simultaneously met. This was a marked improvement and removal efficiency increased by 6-19% compared to that with unadjusted conditions. The optimum range of these parameters may be useful for a surfactant-based remediation in the aquifer contaminated by toluene.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 1999

This study was conducted to select proper substrate and nutrient solution concentration for favorable growth and quality in common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). The growth of common thyme was better in deep flow culture (DFT) than in other substrate cultures. As the nutrient solution concentration rose, the ratio of dry matter increased, while the fresh weight and the number of lateral shoots decreased. The contents of total chlorophyll and vitamin C were higher in DFT than others. Ca, K, P were showed high contents in cocopeat, but Mg content was the highest at half-fold concentration in DFT. Common thyme showed low content of nitrate in DFT compared with that in other substrate culture. DFT was the most effective system for pronoting growth and quality of common thyme. The optimal concentration of nutrient solution in common thyme was half-fold(EC=1.2mS/cm) of herbs nutrient solution by European Vegetable R&D Center.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 1995

The purpose on this study is to optimize the chromatographic determination method of trace aldehydes in ambient air. Carbonyl compounds in urban air were trapped at $C_{18}$ DNPH-coated cartridges, and generated hydrazone derivatives were separated by HPLC and detected by UV-vis spectroscopic detector at 360nm. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde compounds could be isolated from urban(Seoul) air with more than 95% collection efficiency. The analytical detection limits for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are 0.06pp $b_{v}$, 0.08pp $b_{v}$ for 108 L air samples, respectively. The precision of this method are 3 .sim. 4%(RSD) for mutiple injection of hydrazone standards. Separation of seven dinitrophenylhydrazones could be achieved in appoximately 20 minutes operation time using $C_{18}$ column with apprepriate eluent. The method was applied to the analysis of aldehydes and ketone in Seoul ambient air. The 24-h ambient levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde reached up to 6 .sim. 14 and 3 .sim. 8ppbv, respectively. The daily average concentration ratio were 0.60 for acetaldehyde/formaldehyde.yde.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.765-769
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• 2009

Recent studies have reported that the distribution of HPV-16 sequence variation differs geographically, and more specifically that HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants might carry a high risk for development of ICC (invasive cervical cancer) and CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) in a given population. To investigate the genetic diversities of HPV-16 E6/E7 oncogene by region, we collected nineteen HPV-16 isolates from sexually high-risk women in Busan, and analyzed the HPV-16 E6/E7 coding regions (nt 34 to 880) with HPV-16 E6/E7 specific PCR amplification. At the nucleotide levet eleven variants of the E6 genes and nine variants of the E7 genes were identified as follows: E6 T178G (n=l1), E6 T178A (n=l), E6 T350G (n=3), E6 A442C (n=2), E6 AI04T, E6 All1G, E6 C116T, E6 G145T, E6 T183G, E6 C335T, E6 G522C and E7 A647G (n=12), E7 A645C, E7 A777C, E7 G663A, E7 T732C, E7 T760C, E7 A775T, E7 T789C and E7 T795G, respectively. At the amino acid levet the isolated HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes showed eleven E6 variants: E6 D25E (n=12), E6 L83V (n=4), E6 E113D (n=2), E6 MIL, E6 Q3R, E6 P5S, E6 Q14H, E6 D25N, E6 127R, E6 H78Y, E6 C140S and three E7 variants: N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S. HPV16 E6 L83V, the dominant variant in the Caucasian population, showed relatively low frequencies in our study population. We elucidated that the dominant HPV-16 E6/E7 variants were HPV-16 E6 D25E (63.2%) and HPV-16 E7 N29S (63.2%), which were phylogenetically included in Asian lineage. Further study is needed to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer related HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants in the Korean population.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2002

The complex [Zn(L)₂(H₂O)₄] (1) (L = isonicotinate) has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, with a = 6.9062(4) , b = 9.2618(7) , c = 6.3313(3) , α = 104.986(6)°, β = 112.865(4)°, γ = 96.213(6)°, V = 350.41(4) , Z = 1, R₁(wR₂) for 1225 observed reflections of [I > 2σ(I)] was 0.0209 (0.0591). The coordination environment of the zinc atom can be described as an octahedron in which the isonicotinato ligands are mutually trans. Compound 1 is also connected into a two-dimensional chain via hydrogen-bonds.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3267-3274
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• 2012

371 strains of marine bacteria were isolated from Gwangyang bay in Korea. The dominant species were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, P. fluorescens, P. paucimobilis, Chryseomonas luteola and P. vescularis. To screen marine bacteria capable of removing nutrients and organics, marine bacteria was inoculated in 10 mL of marine broth 2216 (DIFCO) with $NH_3-N$ (100 mg/L), ${NO_3}^{-}-N$ (100 mg/L), and ${PO_4}^{-3}-P$ (10 mg/L) with 1.0% (v/v), and incubated for 12 h. Results from the screening test, showed that the removal efficiencies for $COD_{Cr}$, ammonia niterogen, nitrate nitrogen, and phosphate were over 25% for 16 strains, 15% for 9 strains, 50% for 63 strains, and 15% for 80 strains, respectively. Aeromonas hydrophila, Chryseomonas indologenes, Pseudomonas diminuta, Vibrio parahaemolyticus were selected for nutrients removal experiments. For the batch test, 4 species of marine bacteria were inoculated in modified marine broth containing with nutrients($COD_{Cr}$ 250 mg/L, $NH_3-N$ 40 mg/L, ${NO_3}^{-}-N$ 40 mg/L, ${PO_4}^{3-}-P$ 10 mg/L, respectively), incubated for 10 hr and the removal efficiencies were measured.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

Mastoparan V1 was used as adjuvant of formalin-inactivated Salmonella Gallinarum whole cells vaccine against fowl typhoid in a chicken model. The 75 brown nick chickens were equally divided into 5 groups, and all chickens of each group were immunized at 6 weeks of age (0 WPPI; weeks prime post immunization), and at 9 weeks of age (3 WPPI) (except group B). Group A chickens were intramuscularly (IM) inoculated with 500 uL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and group B chickens were subcutaneously immunized with 0.2 ml containing 5×10⁷ viable vaccine strain/bird. The chickens in groups C~E were IM inoculated with approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells, approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells with mastoparan V1 as adjuvant, and 0.5 mL of PBS, respectively. S. Gallinarum outer membrane proteins-specific serum IgG titers were considerably higher in groups B~D than in groups A and E. However, the levels of IFN-γ in groups B and D only than in groups A and E were significantly higher. Following oral challenge with virulent wild-type S. Gallinarum, no chicken in groups A (no challenge group) and B was dead, and only 30% of chickens in group D was dead. However, 70% of chickens in group C and all chickens in group E were dead after oral challenge. The results of this study demonstrated that IM immunization with approximately 3×10⁹ of the formalin-inactivated S. Gallinarum whole cells containing mastoparan V1 induced robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in chickens. The whole cells also conferred protection against infection with wild-type S. Gallinarum.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2013

This study aimed to develop a new dust collecting system equipped with an activated carbon (A.C.) coated electrode. Before fabrication, pre-treatment of A.C. was performed to remove metal ions within the A.C. to enlarge its specific surface area. Then, pre-treated A.C., black carbon, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), and methanol were mixed to make a gel compound, which was coated onto aluminum plates to fabricate electrodes. The optimal mixing ratio of A.C., black carbon, PVAc, and methanol was found to be 10 g: 2 g: 3 g: 20 mL. After fabrication, the electrodes were used in the batch-type experiment for $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ removal. The reduction rates of the gases were high at the beginning and slowly reduced with time. Dust collection experiments were conducted in continuous flow, with various voltages applied. Compared to 5 kV, dust removal efficiency was 1.5 times higher when 10 kV was applied. Increasing the number of electrodes applied also increased the collecting efficiency. The correlation coefficient between actual collecting efficiency and trend line was higher than 99%. Consequently, the novel dust collection system equipped with A.C. coated electrode appears to be a promising substitute for existing dust-control devices.