• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.462-472
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the quality characteristics of Brassica juncea cultivated in Jeongseon (BJJ), South Korea. We analyzed the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of BJJ. As a result of the free sugar analysis, the contents of glucose and fructose in BJJ were $0.29{\pm}0.02g/100g$ and $0.10{\pm}0.00g/100g$, respectively. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and stearic acid. The palmitic acid was the highest at 31.22% of all fatty acids. The major minerals were identified as Ca, P, K, Mg and Na. The contents of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and vitamin E in BJJ were $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.087{\pm}0.01mg/100g$, $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.56{\pm}0.06mg/100g$ and $0.20{\pm}0.03mg\;{\alpha}-TE/100g$, respectively. As a result of the free amino acid analysis, total amino acid contents in BJJ were $2,801.21{\pm}115.38mg/100g$. L-proline content was the highest ($744.30{\pm}119.06mg/100g$) in BJJ. BJJ extract inhibits reactive oxygen species production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Also, BJJ extract exhibits a protective effect on oxidative stress in $H_2O_2$-induced human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that BJJ comprises various valuable nutrients which can be used as functional food ingredients.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2001

Purpose: To investigate the ability of double TMJ view by multifunctional panorama to view the bony components and the space of the temporomandibular joint. Materials and Methods: Ten dry skulls fitted with resin shims over the articular surface of the condyle were used to reproduce the temporomandibular joint space. Fine metal wires were attached to the three portions of contours of the condylar head and the articular eminence. With 10 dry skulls and 20 cases having TMJ dysfunction, double TMJ views by multifunctional panorama (Planmeca 2002 Proline CC) and transcranial views were taken, analyzed from the anatomical view point, and compared statistically in view of the widths of the posterior joint space and the condylar head. Results: In double TMJ view, the supero-anterior part of the condyle represented the lateral 1/3, the most superior part represented center portion, and the posterior part medial l/3 of the condyle. In maximum mouth opening, no other structures were superimposed with the condyle in double TMJ view. In double TMJ view, petrous bone was moderately superimposed with the superior part of the condyle and the posterior increment of angle exposure made wider the images of the articular eminence and the condyle. The tendency of reduction in the posterior joint space appeared in the side of TMJ dysfunction compared with the normal side. The posterior joint spaces in double TMJ view were statistically wider (p<0.05) than those in transcranial view. The correlation coefficient was 0.5179 between the widths of the posterior joint spaces in two radiographic views. Conclusions: Double TMJ view can be substituted for transcranial view in evaluating the TMJ dysfunction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3973-3980
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• 2014

Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality in men but still limited knowledge is available about its associated functional SNPs including rs1042522 (Pro72Arg). The present study was undertaken to explore the association of this SNP with susceptibility to prostate adenocarcinoma along with its structural and functional impacts in the Pakistani population in a case-control study. Three-dimensional structure of human TP53 with Pro72Arg polymorphism was predicted through homology modeling, refined and validated for detailed structure-based assessment. We also carried out a HuGE review of the previous available data for this polymorphism. Different genetic models were used to evaluate the genotypes association with the increased risk of PCa (Allelic contrast: OR=0.0.34, 95%CI 0.24-0.50, p=0.000; GG vs CC: OR=0.17, 95%CI 0.08-0.38, p=0.000; Homozygous: OR=0.08, 95%CI 0.04-0.15, p=0.000; GC vs CC: OR=2.14, 95%CI 1.01-4.51, p=0.046; Recessive model: OR=0.10, 95%CI 0.05-0.18, p=0.000; Log Additive: OR=3.54, 95%CI 2.13-5.89, p=0.000) except the Dominant model (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.39-1.52, p=0.46). Structure and functional analysis revealed that the SNP in the proline rich domain is responsible for interaction with HRMT1L2 and WWOX. In conclusion, it was observed that the Arg coding G allele is highly associated with increased risk of prostate adenocarcinoma in the Pakistani population (p=0.000).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1483-1489
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• 2016

Most of amino acid (AA) digestibility values for feed ingredients are obtained using pigs cannulated in the distal ileum. The ileal-cannulated pig model uses pigs older than six weeks due to difficulties related to implanting the T-cannula in distal ileum of younger pigs and complications during the post-surgical recovery. However, to properly formulate the diet of weaned pigs, the nutritive value of feed ingredients should be determined with younger pigs. Thus, 25 weaned pigs were used to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, energy, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) ileal AA digestibility of broken rice (BR), with or without multicarbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy) supplementation. Piglets were weaned at 23 d of age and individually housed in digestibility cages until 45 d of age. The trial consisted of 7 d of adaptation to the experimental diets and 3 d of excreta (feces and urine) collection. Ileal digesta was collected at slaughter (about 6 weeks of age). A completely randomized experimental design was used to determine the effects of MC and Phy. Reference diets (RD, 5% casein) was replaced by 30% of BR with or without MC, Phy, or MC+Phy. The RD was used to quantify endogenous AA losses. BR with Phy supplied had increased the ATTD of dry matter (p<0.05) and SID of histidine (p = 0.05), arginine, leucine, lysine, valine, alanine, and proline (p<0.05). BR with MC had been increased digestible energy and protein and SID for histidine (p<0.05). There was no interaction between Phy and MC on the BR nutrient digestibilities. Standardized amino acid digestibilities of BR, without enzymes, were lower than those values reported in the literature. The MC and Phy improved the digestibility of some nutrients and energy of BR in post-weaned piglet diets.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2003

A cDNA clone for a salicylic acid-induced gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. The cabbage gene, designated Br-sil1 (for $\underline{B}$rassica $\underline{r}$apa $\underline{s}$alicylate-$\underline{i}$nduced $\underline{l}$lipase-like 1 gene), encodes a putative lipase that has the family II lipase motif GDSxxDxG around the active site serine. A database search showed that plant genomes have a large number of genes that contain the family II lipase motif. The lipase-like proteins include a myrosinase-associated protein, an anther-specific proline-rich protein APG, a pollen coat protein EXL, and an early nodule-specific protein. The Br-sil1 gene is strongly induced by salicylic acid and a non-host pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, that elicits a hypersensitive response in Chinese cabbage. Treatment of the cabbage leaves with BTH, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon showed that the Br-sil1 gene expression is induced by BTH, but not by methyl jasmonate or ethylene. This indicates that the cabbage gene is activated via a salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway. An examination of the tissue-specific expression revealed that the induction of the Br-sil1 gene expression by BTH occurs in leaves and stems, but not in roots and flowers. Without the BTH treatment, however, the Br-sil1 gene is not expressed in any of the tissues that were examined.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2013

Candidiasis is a fungal infection of the most common causes; generally, opportunistic infections occur often in patients with weakened immune systems. Because of high rates in fungal infection patients and increasing frequency of being isolated from clinical materials, quickly identifying of Candida albicans is critical. By identifying 404 yeast cell strains of referred samples via API 20C kits, NGL and PRO tests and Germ tube (GT) test were conducted and compared. In the 3.0 McFarland yeast cells, 0.1% ${\rho}-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-{\beta}-D-galactosaminide$ (NGL) and 0.04% ${\small{L}}$-proline ${\beta}$-naphtylamide (PRO) were each put in test tubes and incubated at $35^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Afterwards, 1 drop of 2% NaOH was applied, and if the color turned yellow; it was positive for NGL test. Afterwards, 1% ${\rho}$-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde was applied, and if the upper layer turned pink or red, it was positive for PRO test. NGL and PRO tests were conducted for all C. albicans and identified accurately within 30 minutes. In NGL, PRO test, false-positive, negative were not seen, whereas, GT test showed false-positive in 1 strain and false-negative in 3 strains. Therefore, sensitivity and specificity of NGL, PRO tests were 100% and 99.5%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive rate were 99.5% and 100%, respectively. However, GT test sensitivity and specificity were 98.5% and 99.5%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive rates were 99.5% and 98.5%, respectively. In conclusion, NGL, PRO tests are better than GT tests for sensitivity and specificity, therefore, these reliable tests will be useful in clinical laboratories.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2010

This work aimed to investigate the physiochemical properties of commercial sugars (white sugar, dark brown sugar, organic sugar, and muscovado) and sugar beet. Percentages of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in sugar beet were 4.06, 6.36 and 0.02%, respectively, and the degrees of sugar of white sugar and sugar beet were $93^{\circ}$ Brix and $78^{\circ}$ Brix, respectively. L(lightness) value scores of white sugar were higher while the turbidity of sugar beet was higher. White sugar, dark brown sugar, and organic sugar were composed of only sucrose, whereas muscovad and sugar beet were composed of fructose, glucose, and sucrose. The highest organic acid content was observed in sugar beet. The contents of amino acids in sugar beet were in the following order: proline ($161.23\;{\mu}g$/100 g) > aspartic acid ($161.23\;{\mu}g$/100 g) > leucine ($36.93\;{\mu}g$/100 g) > alanine ($17.40\;{\mu}g$/100 g). There were 16 free amino acids in sugar beet. The highest mineral contest was observed in sugar beet in the order of K > Ca > Na > Mg. This result indicates that sugar beet can be prepared by considering the characteristics of natural sugar materials.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.375-381
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• 1995

Two forms of glucoamylase (GI and GII) from starch-grown Lipomyces kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant were purified to apparent homogeneity by means of ultrafiltration, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was calculated as ca. 150 kDa for GI and ca. 128 kDa for GII, respectively. Both enzymes were glycoproteins with isoelectric points of 5.6 (GI) and 5.4 (GII). They had a pH optimun of 4.5 and were stable from pH 5 to 8. The temperature optimum for both enzymes was $60^{\circ}C$, but they were rapidly inactivated above $70^{\circ}C$. The $K_m$ values toward starch were estimated to be 6.57 mg per ml for GI and 4.52 mg per ml for GII, and the $V_{max}$ values were 16.28 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GI and 32.25 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GII, respectively. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of GII for ${\alpha}-$ or ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were estimated to be 0.15 mg per ml and 2.0 mg per ml, respectively ($K_m$) and 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg or 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg, respectively ($V_{max}$). Neither enzyme exhibited pullulanase activity but they released only glucose from starch or cyclodextrin. Amino acid analysis indicated that both glucoamylases were enriched in proline and acid amino acids. Glucoamylase GII strongly cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised against GI enzymes, and the two enzymes shared very similar amino acid composition. Western blot analysis indicated that L. kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant produced two forms of glucoamylase on starch, and that synthesis of them was subject to glucose repression.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This study was conducted to obtain hydrolysates with potent antioxidative activity from rockfish skin gelatin. Gelatin was extracted under high temperature/high pressure using a two-step enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial enzymes such as Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, and Protamex. The second rockfish-skin gelatin hydrolysate (SRSGH) was prepared by further incubating the first gelatin hydrolysate (FRSGH), which had been hydrolyzed with Alcalase for 1-h (FRSGH-A1), with Flavourzyme for 2-h (SRSGH-F2). The second gelatin hydrolysate showed higher antioxidative activity of 3.72 as measured by a Metrohm Rancimat and superior angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity of 0.82 mg/mL. Compared with the gelatin, the relative proportion in SRSGH-F2 was markedly decreased in the 100-kDa peak, whereas it was increased in that less than 100-kDa. The amino acid composition of SRSGH-F2 was rich in glycine (25.9%), proline (10.8%), alanine (9.1%), and glutamic acid (9.1%). In contrast, it was poor in cystine (not detected), methionine (1.6%), tyrosine (0.4%), hydroxylysine (0.9%), and histidine (0.9%). In recent years, demand for natural functional foods has been increasing, and SRSGH-F2 can be used as a functional food ingredient in the food industries. However, further detailed studies on SRSGH-F2 with regard to its antioxidant activity in vivo and the various antioxidant mechanisms are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1973

Quantitative analysis was achieved by gas-liquid chromatographic method (GLC) with a single column system of OV-17 for 16 of free amino acids in Korean green tea and the contents of mineral in it was determined by atomic absorption flame emission. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Korean green tea contained Mn 1% or over out of the total ash content and $0.05{\sim}0.20%$ in the water extraction, as the major mineral. 2) Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb and V were analyzed also by small quantities relatively and Co, Tin and Ywere not detected in the water extraction. 3) GLC indicated the presence of 16 components in free ammo acids. 4) The quantities of free amino acids in Korean green tea were determined $2.96{\sim}6.61%$ Alanine, $1.01{\sim}l.89mg%$ Glycine, $2.07{\sim}7.81mg%$ Valine, $1.27{\sim}8.76mg%$ Leucine and Isoleucine, $94.31{\sim}316.27mg%$ Threonine, $9.10{\sim}39.91mg%$ Serine, $2.18{\sim}36.76mg%$ Hydroxyproline, $2.72{\sim}5.90mg%$ Proline, $39.64{\sim}70.02mg%$ Aspartic Acid, $25.93{\sim}101.28mg%$ Glutamic Acid and Lysine, $8.32{\sim}18.30mg%$ Phenylalanine and Tyrosine in trace amount. 5) The total free amino acid contents in Korean green tea ranged from 207.24mg% to 516.06mg% and Moo-Deoung tea contained outstandingly high, 516 mg% or over.