• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.265-271
• /
• 2009

Nitric oxide (NO) has both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on its concentration and the experimental model. We tested the effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and aminoguanidine, a selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures and hippocampal CA3 neuronal death. L-NAME (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or aminoguanidine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 1 h prior to the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of KA. Pretreatment with L-NAME significantly increased KA-induced CA3 neuronal death, iNOS expression, and activation of microglia. However, pretreatment with aminoguanidine significantly suppressed both the KA-induced and L-NAME-aggravated hippocampal CA3 neuronal death with concomitant decreases in iNOS expression and microglial activation. The protective effect of aminoguanidine was maintained for up to 2 weeks. Furthermore, iNOS knockout mice ($iNOS^{-1-}$) were resistant to KA-induced neuronal death. The present study demonstrates that aminoguanidine attenuates KA-induced neuronal death, whereas L-NAME aggravates neuronal death, in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, suggesting that NOS isoforms play different roles in KA-induced excitotoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2014

Background: Neuropathic pain induced by spinal or peripheral nerve injury is very resistant to common pain killers, nerve block, and other pain management approaches. Recently, several studies using stem cells suggested a new way to control the neuropatic pain. In this study, we used the spinal nerve L5 ligation (SNL) model to investigate whether intrathecal rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were able to decrease pain behavior, as well as the relationship between rMSCs and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods: Neuropathic pain of the left hind paw was induced by unilateral SNL in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10 in each group). Mechanical sensitivity was assessed using Von Frey filaments at 3, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, and 24 days post-ligation. rMSCs ($10{\mu}l$, $1{\times}10^5$) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS, $10{\mu}l$) was injected intrathecally at 7 days post-ligation. Dihydroethidium (DHE), an oxidative fluorescent dye, was used to detect ROS at 24 days post-ligation. Results: Tight ligation of the L5 spinal nerve induced allodynia in the left hind paw after 3 days post-ligation. ROS expression was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in spinal dorsal horn of L5. Intrathecal rMSCs significantly (P < 0.01) alleviated the allodynia at 10 days after intrathecal injection (17 days post-ligation). Intrathecal rMSCs administration significantly (P < 0.05) reduced ROS expression in the spinal dorsal horn. Conclusions: These results suggest that rMSCs may modulate neuropathic pain generation through ROS expression after spinal nerve ligation.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.244-251
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 여름철에 넙치 치어 배합사료의 적정 지질함량 및 적정 사료공급량을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 적정 지질함량 실험에서 실험사료는 사료내 단백질함량은 52로 동일하게 맞추고 지질함량은 6, 8, 10, 12, 14%가 되도록 설계 하였다. 평균 무게 $18.4{\pm}0.11\;g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$)인 넙치 치어를 300 L 사각수조에 30마리씩 수용하여 각 실험구당 3반복으로 6주간 실시하였으며, 실험기간 동안 평균 수온은 $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$였다. 실험결과, 증중률, 일간성장률, 사료효율 및 단백질전환효율은 사료내 지질함량이 사료내 지질 함량이 8%(L8)및 10%(L10)인 실험구가 6, 14%인 실험구보다 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 사료내 지질 함량이 12%인 실험구와는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Broken line model분석을 통한 최대 성장을 위한 여름철 넙치치어 배합사료의 적정 지질 함량은 $9.08{\pm}0.37%$로 사료된다. 적정 공급량 실험에서는 적정 지질함량 실험에서 성장결과가 가장 우수했던 L10을 사용하여 사료공급량을 어체 중 당 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5% 그리고 만복공급으로 구분으로 6주간 실험하였다. 실험어는 평균무게 $13.4{\pm}0.1\;g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$)인 넙치 치어를 300 L 사각수조에 각각 30마리씩 수용하여 각 실험구당 3반복으로 실시하였으며, 실험기간 동안 평균 수온은 $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$였다. 적정 사료공급량 실험결과, 증중률, 일간성장률은 사료공급량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 높게 나타났지만(P<0.05),사료공급량이 어체중 당 3.5%와 만복 실험구(어체중 당 4.0% 수준)는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(Table 6). Broken line model 분석을 통한 최대 성장을 위한 여름철 단백질 52%,지질 10% (P/E ratio; 108mg protein/kcal)를 함유한 넙치치어 배합사료의 적정 사료공급량은 어체중 당 $3.56{\pm}0.06$로 사료된다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하여 여름철 넙치치어($10{\sim}50\;g$)배합사료의 적정지질 함량은 $9{\sim}10%$ (Energy: 4,774 kcal, P/E ratio; 108 mg protein/kcal)내외, 이에 대한 적정사료 공급량은 어체중 당 3.5% 내외가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2002

Alteration in the syntesis or enhanced inactivation of nitric oxide(NO) can induce impairment of endothelial cell function. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) is characterized by impaired endothelial function and vascular disease. NO is produced through L-arginine pathway To elucidate the hypothesis that the decreased production on NO in IDDM reflects vascular damage and the NO production can be manipulated by either dietary fat(7% of kg diet) or the oral supplementation with L-arginine(2g/kg bw), plasma markers for vascular endothelial damage and plasma lipid profiles were measured in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic or normal Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks(SO : soybean oil, SOA: soybean oil + L-arginine supplementation, BT : beef tallow, BTA_ beef tallow + L-arginine supplementation, OV olive oil, OVA : olive oil + L-arginine supplementation). Plasma glucose, total cholesterel, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. Endothelial markers, plasma von Willebrand factor(vWf), thromboxane B$_2$, and 6-keto PGF1$\alpha$ of aorta were measured by ELISA. Plasma NO production was evaluated through the measurement of nitrite by EIA. Feeding saturated fatty acid(SFA, BT) increased relative liver size(RLS) in diabetic rats compared to either polyunsatunted fatty acid(PUFA, SO) or monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA, OV) The supplementation of L-arginine inhibited the liver and kidney enlargement in olive oil find diabetic rats. Plasma glucose was lower in diabetic animal find the olive oil compared to fed beef tallow and the supplementation L-arginine decreased it in diabetic rats find beef tallow significantly(p < 0.05). Plasma TXB$_2$ levels were increased due to diabetes and the value of beef tallow group showed highest value. Plasma vWf concentration of beef tallow group was higher value in normal rats and was elevated more in diabetes. In diabetic groups, the vWf concentration of olive oil group was lower than beef tallow or soybean oil group. The supplementation of L-arginine in diabetic rats decreased plasma TXB$_2$ and vWf levels significantly(p < 0.05). NO production was higher in normal olive oil fed rats and was tend to be decreased in diabetic rats and the supplementation of L-arginine recovered to normal value(p < 0.05), Olive oil supplemented with L-arginine tended to lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after 4 week treatment. These results suggest that generalized vascular endothelial changes based on plasma TXB$_2$and vWf occurs in diabetic rats. and olive oil with L-arginine supplementation contributes to a better control of the hyperglycemia, endothelial changes and hypercholesterolemia accompanying diabetes as compared with beef tallow or soy bean oil in this rat model.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2001

Krebs회로 산인 L-malic acid와 glycerol의 -OH와 -COOH의 몰비를 달리하면서 가교공중합체 poly(glycerol-co-malate)s를 합성하였다. 단량체 및 합성된 가교공중합체를 적외선흡수 분광기법에 의하여 확인하였으며, pH에 따른 수팽윤도를 측정하였다. 용액의 pH가 증가함에 따라 그 공중합체 수화겔의 수팽윤도는 증가하였으며, 각 pH에서 가교공중합체는 -COOH에 대한 -OH기의 몰비가 증가할수록 수팽윤도가 감소하였다. 용액의 pH 변화에 따른 가교공중합체의 가수분해도를 37${\circ}C$에서 조사한 결과 용액의 pH가 증가함에 따라 가수분해는 빨리 진행되었다. 모델 약물로는 diclofenac monosodium salt를 사용하여 pH에 따른 약물방출 거동을 조사한 결과 약물의 방출은 pH가 증가할수록 더 빨리 방출되었고, 합성된 가교공중합 에스테르는 미반응 카르복실기와 하이드록실기로 인해 pH에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 확인하였다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
• /
• 제44권8호
• /
• pp.774-781
• /
• 2017

멘션(mention)은 명사 또는 명사구를 중심어로 가지며, 수식어를 포함하여 어떤 의미를 정의하는 구(chunk)를 구성한다. 문장 내에서 멘션을 추출하는 것을 멘션탐지라 한다. 멘션들 중에서 서로 같은 의미의 멘션들을 찾아내는 것을 상호참조해결이라 한다. 포인터 네트워크는 RNN encoder-decoder 모델을 기반으로, 주어진 입력 열에 대응되는 위치를 출력 결과로 갖는 모델이다. 본 논문에서는 멘션탐지에 포인터 네트워크를 이용할 것을 제안한다. 멘션탐지에 포인터 네트워크를 적용하면 기존의 순차 문제로는 해결할 수 없었던 중첩된 멘션탐지 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 실험 결과, 본 논문에서 제안한 멘션탐지의 성능이 규칙기반 보다 7.65%p 이상 높은 F1 80.07%를 보였으며, 이를 이용한 상호참조해결 성능이 CoNLL F1 56.67%(멘션 경계), 60.11%(중심어 경계)로 규칙기반 멘션탐지를 이용한 상호참조해결에 비하여 7.68%p, 1.5%p 더 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6293-6299
• /
• 2013

Background: A number of clinicopathologic factors have been found to be associated with pathological lymph node metastasis (pLNM) in rectal cancer; however, most of them can only be identified by expensive high resolution imaging or obtained after surgical treatment. Just like the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores which have been widely used in clinical practice, our study was designed to assess the pre-operative factors which could be obtained easily to predict intra-operative pLNM in rectal cancer. Methods: A cohort of 469 patients who were treated at our hospital in the period from January 2003 to June 2011, and with a pathologically hospital discharge diagnosis of rectal cancer, were included. Clinical, laboratory and pathologic parameters were analyzed. A multivariate unconditional logistic regression model, areas under the curve (AUC), the Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) and the Cox regression model were used. Results: Of the 469 patients, 231 were diagnosed with pLNM (49.3%). Four variables were associated with pLNM by multivariate logistic analysis, age<60 yr (OR=1.819; 95% CI, 1.231-2.687; P=0.003), presence of abdominal pain or discomfort (OR=1.637; 95% CI, 1.052-2.547; P=0.029), absence of allergic history (OR=1.879; 95% CI, 1.041-3.392; P=0.036), and direct $bilirubin{\geq}2.60{\mu}mol/L$ (OR=1.540; 95% CI, 1.054-2.250; P=0.026). The combination of all 4 variables had the highest sensitivity (98.7%) for diagnostic performance. In addition, age<60 yr and direct $bilirubin{\geq}2.60{\mu}mol/L$ were found to be associated with prognosis. Conclusion: Age, abdominal pain or discomfort, allergic history and direct bilirubin were associated with pLNM, which may be helpful for preoperative selection.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.304-306
• /
• 2000

Load modeling, micro method, needs field test to identify the validity of methodology applied to modeling. This paper presents seasonal field test method and measurement results on serveral substations. Seasonal load characteristics were analyzed by the developed substation load model and correlation coefficients of seasonal load of substation under base, peak and average load time.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 1999

To optimize the culture conditions for Beauveria bassiana 726, the effects of culture medium, pH, and temperature on mycelium and spore production were investigated. The optimum temperature and pH for the cultivation of B. bassiana 726 were 28 $^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. The optimized medium was composed of 1.0~2.0% total sugar from molasses, 0.5% corn steep liquor and 0.05% KH$_2$PO$_4$. In the cultivation of B. bassiana 726 with the optimum medium, the specific growth rate and substrate utilization were well-fitted with the proposed kinetic model in the shake flask and stirred tank reactor. When the fed-batch cultivation using carbon suorce, nitrogen source, and mineral salt as a feeding medium was compared with batch cultivation in stirred tank reactor, mycelium (12.7 g/L) and spore production (5.4$\times$$10^8/mL$) were enhanced up to 110% and 85%, respectively.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
• /
• pp.94.2-94.2
• /
• 2003

CJ-11668 is a new potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor. CJ-11668 showed COX-2 inhibition (IC50) of 65nM and selectivity ratio (COX-l/COX-2) of 770 in the cell based assay. In the human whole blood assay, CJ-11668 showed COX-2 inhibition (IC50) of 370nM and selectivity ratio (COX-l/COX-2), 135. The treatment of CJ-11668 (5 mg/kg, p.o) produced a significant inhibition (35%) of inflamed rat paw volume in the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. CJ-11668 also suppressed the PGE2 level (69% inhibition, 1 mg/kg, p.o) in the zymosan-induced mouse air pouch model after 3 hrs. (omitted)