• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

Started from the Industrial Revolution in England, the design movement, the concept of plastic arts is spread and developed in many European countries. It meets new phase due to the much more developed industrial techniques and internationalized era since the World War II. The concept of identity in design appeared with industrial diversification, specialization, and inter- nationalization comes out through every visual identification standards. And the concept is used in public facilities and groups such as national institutions, schools, hospitals, or lots of religious bodies, as well as in industries to aim at the most profit from products' sale. Since the opening of Seoul National University of Technology in 1910, the university which has long history and tradition of about 90 years has used the unique visual identification in changing the University name to meet with the surrounding environment and the timely characteristics. However, the English name for the University was changed in 1998, so the new era to leap was open. Therefore, the University introduced formally the concept of U. I. (University Identification) with the new image. It is an inevitable outcome of modern time.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.605-614
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• 1993

To investigate the endothelial dependence of angiotensin II(A II)-induced responses in the systemic and pulmonary arterial system of acute renal hypertensive rats of 2-kidney, 1-ligation type (RHRs), A II-induced vasocontractile and pressor effects were evaluated in isolated arteries and in vivo, respectively. A II dose-dependently contracted intact thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery (E$_{max}$:40% at 10$^{-7}$M and 80% at 3$\times$10 $^{-8}$M, respectively) from normotensive rats(NRs), which was significantly increased by removal of endothelial cells or pretreatment with EDRF inhibitors. In NRs, A II increased mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure(33 and 5.6mmHg at 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively), the effect being significantly increased (P<0.01) by L-NAME(30mg/kg, i.v.). However, A II-induced contraction of intact thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery(E$_{max}$: 33% at 10$^{-7}$M and 93% at 3$\times$10$^{-8}$M, respectively) from RHRs were not changed after endothelial function was disrupted as above; similarly, pressor effects of A II on the systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure in RHRs did not altered by L-NAME. A II tachyphylactic responses for intact thoracic aorta from NRs and RHRs(65 and 87% at 10$^{-8}$M, respectively) were greater than those for pulmonary artery(19 and 19% at 10$^{-8}$M, respectively). Distruption of endothelial function significantly (P<0.01) depressed A II tachyphylaxis for thoracic aorta, but not for pulmonary artery. These results suggest that vascular reactivity to A II is not altered in RHRs, and it is greater for pulmonary arterial system than for systemic arterial system. A II reactivity is EDRF-dependent in both arterial systems of NRs, but EDRF-independent for RHRs. Finally, EDRF is one of the major factors underlying A II tachyphylaxis for thoracic aorta, but not for pulmonary artery.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.681-689
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• 2015

Personal information includes information about a living human individual. It is the information identifiable through name, resident registration number, and image, etc. Personal information which is collected by institutions can be wrongfully used, because it contains confidential information of an information object. In order to prevent this, a method is used to remove personal identification elements before distributing and sharing the data. However, even when the identifier such as the name and the resident registration number is removed or changed, personal information can be exposed in the case of a linking attack. This paper proposes a new anonymization technique to enhance data utility. To achieve this, attributes that are utilized in service tend to anonymize at a low level. In addition, the anonymization technique of the proposal can provide two or more anonymized data tables from one original data table without concern about a linking attack. We also verify our proposal by using the cooperative game theory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.68-73
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to classify species and correct misidentification of cacti (Opuntia) in Jeju area through morphological characteristics comparison. As a result of the study, it was found that Opuntia ficus-indica and O. ficus-indica var. saboten, which has been reported to grow naturally in Jeju Island, is Opuntia stricta. In the morphological comparison of species, it was confirmed that O. stricta showed clear differences in plant size, cladode shape, color of flowers and fruits, and characteristics of areole compared to the existing reported species. Based on the research results, the scientific name of Jeju cactus was corrected as Opuntia stricta, and the Korean name 'Hae-an-sun-in-jang' was newly named. Furthermore, it was suggested that various research literatures and national biodiversity management organizations need to confirm and correct the misidentification of species.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2001

To investigate the mutual relationship between angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO) in paraventricular nucleus (PVN), Ang II receptor type Ia $(AT_{1A}),$ type Ib $(AT_{1B}),$ endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS), and neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS) mRNA levels of rat PVN were measured after unilateral carotid artery ligation. $AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$ mRNA levels were markedly elevated 6 hrs after unilateral carotid artery ligation. Losartan injection $(10\;{\mu}g/0.3\;{\mu}l)$ into the PVN augmented of the increment of $AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$ mRNAs It also increased ecNOS gene expression. In addition, $AT_{1B}$ mRNA levels increased after N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) injection $(50\;{\mu}g/0.3\;{\mu}l)$ into the PVN. These results suggest that Ang II and NO in the rat PVN may interplay, at least in part, through regulation of gene expression of ecNOS and $AT_{1B},$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.459-469
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• 1995

As S-nitrosothiols were proposed as nitrergic carriers in vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, we have investigated the relaxant properties of several S-nitrosothiols in the porcine retractor penis(PRP) muscle and compared them with the effects of exogenously added NO, electrical field stimulation(EFS) of NANC nerves and sodium nitroprusside(SNP). Also the influences of oxyhemoglobin and hydroquinone on the relaxant responses were investigated. In addition, effects of NO on membrane potentials and its involvement in the generation of inhibitory junction potential(IJP) were investigated with conventional intracellular microelectrode technique. The results were summerized as follows. 1. Frequency-dependent relaxations of PRP muscle were induced by EFS to NANC nerve. Tetrodotoxin($1{\times}10^{-6}M$) abolished the relaxations of PRP muscle induced by EFS, and L-NAME(($2{\times}10^{-5}M$) and methylene blue($4{\times}10^{-5}M$) inhibited the relaxations. L-NAME-induced inhibition of the relaxations was reversed by L-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$), but not by D-arginine. 2. Exogenous NO($1{\times}10^{-5}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$), sodium nitroprusside(($1{\times}10^{-7}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$) induced dose-dependent relaxations of PRP muscle. All S-nitrosothiols($1{\times}10^{-7}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$) tested relaxed the PRP muscle in dose-dependent manner and the potency order was SNAP>GSNO>CysNO>SNAC. 3. Oxyhemoglobin($5{\times}10^{-5}M$) blocked the relaxation induced by exogenous NO and inhibited EFS-, S-nitrosothiols-, and SNP-induced relaxation. 4. Hydroquinone($1{\times}10^{-4}M$) also abolished the relaxations induced by exogenous NO, and reduced the relaxations induced by S-nitrosothiols, but did not affect EFS- and SNP-induced relaxations. 5. SNP($2{\times}10^{-6}-5{\times}10^{-6}M$) relaxed muscle strips but the membrane potentials were not affected. 6. EFS with several pulses(1ms, 2Hz, 80V) produced an inhibitory junction potential(IJP) with muscle relaxation. They were abolished by TTX($2{\times}10^{-6}M$). $N^G$-nitro-$_{\small{L}}$-arginine(L-NNA, $2{\times}10^{-5}M$) abolished the muscle relaxation, but had no effect on IJP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.91-91
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• 1997

흰쥐의 뒷발바닥에 carragennan(cg)을 피하투여하여 염증성 통증을 유발한 뒤, 그 통증이 최고에 달하는 3시간 뒤 Ach이나 SNP를 동일한 항법으로 투여해서 30분 후 cg유발 통증에 대하여 그 효과를 Randall-Selitto paw pressure test로 검색하였고, 체내 Nitric Oxide Synthase(NOS) 억제제인 L-NAME과 L-NOARG를 용량별로 적용하여 Ach의 진통효과를 억제하는 정도와 Methylene Blue 및 Hemoglobin을 투여해서 SUP효과 억제를 검사하였다. 그리고 척수 지주막하강내로 catheter를 삽입하여 위의 NO donor를 주입하고, NO의 중추신경계에서의 통각전도에 미치는 효과를 Tail-Flick test로 살펴보았다. 끝으로 NO가 가진 급,만성 통각관련효과를 희석한 formalin을 써서 검색하였다. 결 과: Ach과 SNP는 흰쥐에게 말초경로투여시 유의성있는 진통효과를 보였으며, NOS inhibitor와 NO scavenger로 그 효과가 역전되었다. 또한 NOS inhibitor간에는 억제효과가 용량의존성이 유사하게 나타났고, 중추신경계로의 직접투여때는 여러 생리적 조건이 직, 간접으로 관여함이 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.102-113
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• 2004

A name of 'Sea Ship' and 'River Ship' had been used based on the comprehension for the difference of ship's hull form in Chosun period. We can find a number of literature describing the situation which transferred the cargo from Sea Ship to River Ship because Sea Ship could not go upstream in the river of which the current is fast and the water depth is low. The reason why Sea Ship could not go upstream was that the bottom of Sea Ship was narrow, it means the non-flat bottom. Generally Sea Ship had short length, wide breadth, so L/B of 2.2∼3.0, and high draft and depth. River Ship has long length, narrow breadth, so L/B of 5.0∼6.3, and low draft and the flat bottom in order to adapt to the low water depth of the river.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1999

The flowers of Alcea rosea L., Malvaceae, sold in the Indian market under the trade name 'Gulkhairo', are well known for their expectorant, cooling and diuretic properties and used in many indigenous cough mixtures in India. The present paper deals with the detailed pharmacognosy of the floral parts including morphological, anatomical, phytochemical and fluorescence characters. Some of the diagnostic features of the drug are : pedicel characterized by multicellular appendages, stellate hairs, rosette crystals of Ca-oxalate, starch sheath and large sized mucilage canals; sepals having distinctive multicellular appendages arranged in a semilunar fashion present adaxially at their base; monadelphous stamens, pollen grains pentaporate provided with dimorphic spines; placentation axile, ovules campylotropous; dark green fluorescence of the powder with nitrocellulose in amyl acetate and yellow fluorescence of trichomes under Fluorescence microscope.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2002

The present study was performed to examine the effect of fangchinoline, a bis- benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, which exhibits the characteristics of a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, on cyanide-induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons. NaCN produced a concentration-dependent reduction of cell viability, which was blocked by MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, verapamil, L-type$Ca^{2+}$channel blocker, and L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Pretreatment with fangchinoline over a concentration range of 0.1 to 10 $\mu$M significantly decreased the NaCN-induced neuronal cell death, glutamate release into medium, and elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and oxidants generation. These results suggest that fangchinoline may mitigate the harmful effects of cyanide-induced neuronal cell death by interfering with $[Ca^{2+}]_i$influx, due to its function as a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, and then by inhibiting glutamate release and oxidants generation.