• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.128-133
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• 2020

This study was conducted to demonstrate the manufacturing process for producing high-quality solar salt. The design criteria of the manufacturing process, which was studied in a previous study, was applied to an actual manufacturing system to evaluate its performance. The design factors applied were the drying air temperature and the temperature of the washing water. They were 100℃ or less and 10℃ or less, respectively. Two standards were applied to the process performance evaluation. Standard (I) was the international food standard for solar salt, and standard (II) was the quality standard for high-quality solar salt production. The main quality evaluation items were the moisture content and salinity, and the color characteristics were also measured (p<0.05). The manufacturing process of solar salt consisted of five steps, and the quality change was measured for each step. The measured quality was appropriate to the standard (I) from the third-step process. In addition, the quality of the high-quality solar salt was suitable for the standard (II) from the fourth-step process. Therefore, the performance of the proposed solar salt production process met international standards. The improvements in the production of high-quality solar salt will improve international competitiveness in the future.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 1995

The goal of cell stem cell technology is to produce a viable and genetically normal animal. To achieve this goal various laboratories have followed 2 different pathways beginning with either the culture of 1) single or pooled ICMs grown with or without a feeder layer or 2) single or pooled 16-20 cell stage embryos grown with a feeder layer. Also, thus far embryonic cell cultures or lines have been established by several methods including loose suspension culture for short-term cultures and more commonly murine or bovine fibroblast feeder layers for long-term culture. Pluripotent lines have been derived from 16-cell through blastocyst inner cell mass stages. The efficiency of establishing cell lines and cell proliferation apper to be affected by the number of cells or embryos starting the line. Most attempts to produce offspring from long term STO cell feeder layer cultured ICM or morulae derived ES cells have resulted in pregnancy failure in the first trimester when ES cells were used in cuclear transfer or have failed to retain ES cells in the progeny produced by chimerization. The exception is 1 chimeric fetus from use of morula ES cells in the chimerization with early embryonic cells. There is much to be learned yet about ES cell culture requirements for maintenance of totipotency. If bovine ES cell lines loose imprinting pattern and totipotency with long-term culture and passage as suggested for mouse ES cells, we may be limited to the use of short-term cultures for multiplication of embryos and efficient production of transgenic animals. No bovine ES cell system has yet met all of the criteria indicated for a totipotent ES cell line.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.375-384
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• 2011

The effects of mixed beans on quality characteristics of traditional soybean paste (Doenjang) were investigated. The proximate composition of the soybean paste (Doenjang) met traditional food standard requirements. The range in salinity was 12.30~13.20%, and the salinity decreased with an increase in the amount of mixed beans. A significant difference in pH values occurred in all samples(p<0.05). The Hunter's 'L ($45.06{\pm}0.41$)' and 'b ($13.89{\pm}0.73$)' values of the TDM2 samples were higher than those of other samples. The highest amounts of malic acid of the organic acids are shown. The order of the amino acid content was aspartic acid > leucine > lysine, and that of free amino acid contents were proline > glutamic acid > arginine. The order of mineral content in the soybean pastes was Na > K > Ca > Mg, but levels of Co, Cu, and Zn were not detected. The traditional soybean paste (Doenjang) had an effective DPPH radical scavenging activity and higher phenolic content compared to those of the control sample. Overall acceptability score of the TDM2 (soybean 1 : mixed beans 1) was higher than that of the others. More research is needed to enhance the quality and functionality of traditional soybean paste.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 1999

Triflusal is a new antithrombotic agent which inhibits both platelet cyclooxygenase and c-AMP phosphodiesterase activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two triflusal capsules, $Disgren^{TM}$ (Myung-In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and $Tigriri^{TM}$ (Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, $22.94{\pm}1.83$ in age and $63.7l{\pm}10.43$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 300 mg of triflusal was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of triflusal in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t$ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two capsules were -0.30%, 0.81 % and -3.03%, respectively when calculated against the $Disgren_{TM}$ capsule. The powers $(1-{\beta})$ for $AUC_t$ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were 98.29%,84.73% and 81.02%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $({\Delta})$ at ${\alpha}=0.1$ and $1-{\beta}=0.8$ were all less than 20% (e.g., 12.91%, 18.46% and 19.65% for $AUC_t$ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ respectively). The 90% confid,ence intervals were all within ${\pm}20%$(e.g., $-8.97{\sim}8.37$, $-11.58{\sim}13.22$ and $-16.23{\sim}10.17$ for $AUC_t$ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). All of the above parameters ($1-{\beta}, {\Delta}$ and 90% confidence intervals) met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that $Tigriri^{TM}$ capsule is bioequivalent to $Disgren^{TM}$ capsule.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2013

The Tandong-cheon stream is a 7.4 km long small urban stream that passes through Daeduk Science Town in Daejeon Korea. Despite the stream has great potential as an educational and recreational site due to its central location in the science town and science museums nearby, environmental aspect especially for water quality has not been evaluated properly. Through field survey, major pollution sources of the stream were identified and effect of water quality improvement alternatives were evaluated using a QUAL2K water quality model for the stream. The study indicated that controlling major pollution sources of the stream alone may not be sufficient for reaching the water quality target. Therefore, additional pollution control methods are necessary. We applied the developed model to evaluate the effects of a constructed wetland on the terrace land, and analyzed whether the water quality target can be met at the outlet of the stream. It is expected that this study would provide a good reference for environmentally sound management of small urban streams in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1981

Phosphorus dynamics in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates. turnover rate, demand and supply, and utility index of a high yield Zea mays L. cv. Bokgyo field were evaluated using an analysis of successive production structures. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population by stratified clip technique on every two weeks during the growing season. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rate (2. 4 mg P/g/day in maximum) and specific absorption efficiency (0. 03) closely correlated with that of relative growth rate of the population. The overall inflow and outflow of phosphorus was 3.41 g P/$m^2$/yr showing the maximum inflow of 2.99 g P/$m^2$/month in July. While the maximum phosphorus standing crop was 1.4 g P/$m^2$ showing the maximum turnover rate of 178% in late June. The accumulation of phosphorus along plant height declined monotonically in stems and roots but increased in foliage after heading. The proportions of the total annual demand of phosphorus were 24.4% for leaves, 22.5% for stems, 49.6% for fruits and 3.5% for roots. These demands were met with internal (18.2 %) and external (81.8 %) supplies. The seasonal highest phosphorus utility index was 1,091 in early June, while the average value was 655.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.306-325
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a Dachaihu decoction for hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) by systematic review and meta-analysis of Chinese clinical studies. Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was utilized as the major search engine. The date of the literature search was March 7, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about using a Dachaihu decoction for HLAP were included in this study. Meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data, including total effective rate, abdomen pain relief time, first bowel movement time, blood amylase recovery time, and triglyceride (TG) levels (mmol/L). The selected literature was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias (RoB). Results: Twelve of 44 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were evaluated with RoB as having unclear risk. The total effective rate of herbal medicine treatment based on the Dachaihu decoction was significantly higher than that of symptomatic supportive treatment in 10 articles (risk ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.21, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Herbal medicine treatment based on a Dachaihu decoction was significantly more effective than symptomatic supportive treatment in terms of reducing abdomen pain relief time (in all articles; mean difference=-1.70, 95% CI: -1.91 to -1.41, p<0.00001, I²=45%), first bowel movement time (in 7 articles; mean difference=-1.46, 95% CI: -1.86 to -1.05, p<0.00001, I²=73%), blood amylase recovery time (in 8 articles; mean difference=-1.48, 95% CI: -2.04 to -0.92, p<0.00001, I²=90%), and TG levels (in 8 articles; mean difference=-1.59, 95% CI: -2.28to -0.91, p<0.00001, I²=90%). Only one article reported side effects of treatment among the intervention group and control group, citing pancreatic ulcer and pancreatic pseudocyst formation. Conclusions: This study suggests that herbal medicine treatment based on a Dachaihu decoction could yield higher efficacy for HLAP than symptomatic supportive treatment alone. However, the results might be somewhat biased because of the poor quality and small sample size of the included RCTs. Well-qualified clinical studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of Dachaihu decoction therapy for HLAP.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.499-508
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• 2019

The study was carried out to investigate growth of 48.6-L pot-cultivated 1-year-old 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees depending on different levels of nitrogen concentration. While rise in tree growth was paralleled with increase of nitrogen concentration, more than 32 mM of nitrogen rather restrained tree growth. In particular, growth of 16 mM of nitrogen treated trees was satisfied with criteria for production of high-quality pot-cultivated nursery stocks. Although mineral contents of leaves were higher in 8 and 16 mM nitrogen treatments than commonly recommended mineral contents in apple orchards, such somewhat surplus minerals could be helpful for tree growth after transplanting to apple orchards. In addition, our result indicated that soils of 8 and 16 mM of nitrogen treated pots met appropriate criteria for soil chemical property of apple orchards. Thus, in the light of tree growth, mineral contents of leaves, and soil chemical property in the pots, 16 mM of nitrogen treatment is considered to be suitable for production of 1-year-old 'Fuji'/M.9 apple potted trees.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2021

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe, life-threatening inflammatory condition if untreated. We aimed to investigate the etiologies, outcomes, and risk factors for death in children and adults with HLH. Methods: The medical records of patients who met the HLH criteria of two regional university hospitals in Korea between January 2001 and December 2019 were retrospectively investigated. Results: Sixty patients with HLH (35 children and 25 adults) were included. The median age at diagnosis was 7.0 years (range, 0.1-83 years), and the median follow-up duration was 8.5 months (range, 0-204 months). Four patients had primary HLH, 48 patients had secondary HLH (20 infection-associated, 18 neoplasm-associated, and 10 autoimmune-associated HLH), and eight patients had HLH of unknown cause. Infection was the most common cause in children (14/35, 40.0%), whereas neoplasia was the most common cause in adults (13/25, 52.0%). Twenty-eight patients were treated with HLH-2004/94 immunochemotherapy. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for all HLH patients was 59.9%. The 5-year OS rates for patients with primary, infection-associated, neoplasm-associated, autoimmune-associated, and unknown cause HLH were 25.0%, 85.0%, 26.7%, 87.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, neoplasm-induced HLH (p=0.001) and a platelet count <50×10⁹/L (p=0.008) were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with HLH. Conclusion: Infection was the most common cause of HLH in children, while it was neoplasia in adults. The 5-year OS rate for all HLH patients was 59.9%. HLH caused by an underlying neoplasm or a low platelet count at the time of diagnosis were risk factors for poor prognosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.459-473
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• 2021

Purpose: Although numerous systematic reviews or meta-analysis have reported the hypotensive effects of garlic, the application of these results in the area of functional food is limited. This is because the trials used various garlic preparations and patients with differing hypertensive intensities. To validate the use of garlic powder as a blood pressure lowering functional food, we performed the current meta-analysis, focusing on the study of prehypertensive subjects. Methods: Literature search was carried out using various database up to July 2020, including PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and Korean studies Information Service System, and each study was screened by pre-stated inclusion/exclusion criteria. We identified nine trials that met the eligibility, of which two studies with moderate or high risk of bias were excluded. Results: Meta-analysis of the seven studies revealed that an intake of garlic powder significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by -6.0 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], -11.2, -0.8; p = 0.025) and -2.7 mmHg (95% CI, -5.3, -0.1; p = 0.046), respectively. Shapes of the funnel plot for both SBP and DBP seemed symmetrical, and the Egger's regression revealed no publication bias. Moreover, duration of the intervention period was inversely associated with the pooled effects of garlic powder on SBP (p = 0.019) and DBP (p = 0.019), and this result was supported by the subgroup-analysis. The daily dose of garlic powder, baseline value of each biomarker, and subject number, did not moderate the effects on SBP and DBP. Conclusion: Results of the present meta-analysis indicate that garlic powder supplements are superior to placebo for improving the BP in prehypertensive individuals.