• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.88-99
• /
• 2021

In this study, a land-based marine closed mesocosm (LMCM) experiment was performed to objectively assess the initial stability of an artificial ecosystem experiment against biological and non-biological factors when evaluating ecosystem risk assessment. Changes in the CV (coefficient of value) amplitude were used as data to analyze the stability of the experimental system. The CV of the experimental variables in the LMCM groups (200, 400, 600, and 1,000 L) was maintained within the range of 20-30% for the abiotic variables in this study. However, the difference in CV amplitude in biological factors such as chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton, and zooplankton was high in the 600 L and 1,000 L LMCM groups. This result was interpreted as occurring due to the lack of control over biological variables at the beginning of the experiment. In addition, according to the ANOVA results, significant differences were found in biological contents such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), chlorophyll-a, phosphate, and zooplankton in the CV values between the LMCM groups(p<0.05). In this study, the stabilization of biological variables was necessary to to control and maintain the rate of changes in initial biological variables except for controllable water quality and nutrients. However, given the complexity of the eco-physiological activities of large-scale LMCMs and organisms in the experimental group, it was difficult to do. In conclusion, artificial ecosystem experiments as a scientific tool can distinguish biological and non-biological factors and compare and analyze clear endpoints. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to establish research objectives, select content that can maintain stability, and introduce standardized analysis techniques that can objectively interpret the experimental results.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2013

Genetic manipulation of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) breeding is still difficult due to lack of reliable regeneration system. The aim of this research is to establish shoot regeneration system from leaf explants for pear (P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) using various concentrations of plant growth regulators and carbon source supplemented to medium. The highest regeneration rate of about 20% was found on a medium containing 4.4 g/L of Murashige and Skoog (MS) without vitamins, Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) vitamins were added separately. Leaf explants of pear were cultured on MS medium containing 7 g/L of Daishin agar supplemented with various concentrations of NAA (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mg/L) in combination with BA(3, 5, 10 mg/L) for shoot regeneration. In medium with 5 mg/L of BA and 0.01 mg/L of NAA, adventitious shoot regeneration rate was higher than others treated. The optimal results were observed using MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sorbitol as carbon source on regeneration system. Sorbitol is considered better carbon source than sucrose for shoot regeneration of pear (P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka). In order to increase of shoot regeneration in pear (P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka), plant agar and Daishin agar used as gelling agents, Daishin agar is more efficient in shoot regeneration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.341-345
• /
• 1994

The effect of phytohormones on in vitro production of ubiquinone 10 from the callus cultures of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi was investigated. The growth of callus cultures of Xanthi was in proved by addition of NAA and 2,4-D, especially NAA 0.5 mg/L alone, at the light condition. Ubiquinone 10 was detected by HPLC, and confirmed from Xanthi callus cultured on the all of uppermedia. The ubiquinone 10 content in Xanthi tobacco callus cultured on the medium with NAA 0.5 mg/L only was higher than that of other mixed medium with NAA and 2,4-D. However addition of IBA 1 mg/L and NAA 0.5 mg/L to the medium was more effective in promoting ubiquinone 10 formation than that of NAA 0.5 mg/L only As the callus growth of Xanthi was considerabley restrained at concentration of kinetin, Content and production of ubiquinone low as the highest at kinetin 0.5mg/L and 2,4-D 0.5mg/L in the light.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.953-958
• /
• 2008

The object of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on a deteriorated immune function by a protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) diet. Unicellular algae, CV were used as a biological response modifier. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 15 days with standard diet or a PEM diet, which is associated with decreased host immune defense. After 8 days, mice in the PEM diet group were orally administered by 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg body weight of CV or distilled water. Nutritional parameters, and interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ levels were significantly increased in the blood serum of the CV (0.15 g/kg)-treated group (29.6$\pm$2.8 pg/mL) compared to the non-treated PEM group (4.1$\pm$0.4 pg/mL, p<0.05). In addition, cell proliferation and production of cytokines were investigated via a CV (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL) treatment using a human T cell line MOLT-4 cell. The CV treatment (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the production of both IFN-$\gamma$ and interleukin (IL)-2 (51.3$\pm$3.4 and 285.9$\pm$18.8 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the control (51.3$\pm$3.4 and 442.6$\pm$14.3 pg/mL, respectively), but did not affect the production of IL-4. These results suggest that CV may be useful in improving the immune function.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.154-160
• /
• 2005

To establish rapid micropropagation through organogenesis from apices-derived callus or direct adventitious shoot of three calla lily cultivars(Zantedeschia spp, cv. Sunlight, cv. Chiante, cv. Pink Persuation) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. The formation rate of callus, organogenesis and in viかo tuber production among the three cultivars were tested. Callus was obtained from cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion; the best cultivar was Sunlight. Sunlight induced $53.3\%$ callus and Chiante had the highest rate of $56.7\%$ direct shoot regeneration on medium with 2.0 mg/L BA. Regeneration frequencies ranged from 20 to $70\%$ on medium with 2.0-3.0 mg/L BA. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoots were obtained on medium containing 3.0 mg/L BA in three cultivars. Cytokinins induced multiple shoot formation; 1.0 mg/L of 2ip, 5.0 mg/L of BA, and 1.0 m/L of BA induced 16, 14 and 12 multiple shoots in cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion, respectivly. 1.0 mg/L of IAA enhanced root growth in cvs. Sunlight and Chiante while cv. Pink Persuasion exhibited enhanced root growth at 2.0 mg/L of IBA. NAA, however, induced no change in root growth. The addition of 90 g/L sucrose enhanced in vitro tuber formation and following tuber expansion in cv. Sunlight, while 70 g/L of sucrose was effective in cvs. Chiante and Pink Persuasion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1416-1424
• /
• 2008

The objective of this research was to study the production and quality of forage at three different times of the year (April, June and July) of six winter cereals in the southern plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. The cereals studied were Triticale (xTriticosecale wittm) cv. "Tritano", Oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. "Prevision" and cv. "Saia; Rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. "Giganton", Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. "Cameo" and cv. "Albacete". The study was carried out in three different locations and over three successive years of harvesting. The three variables considered were location, year and cereal. The % dry matter (DM), % crude protein (CP), % acid detergent fiber (ADF), % neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and % ash content were determined for the three sampling periods and the quality was calculated in milk forage units (MFU/kg DM), the production in kg DM/ha, MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. In all three sampling periods the quality of the cereals was significantly influenced only by the year and by species. However, for production of dry matter (kg DM/ha), milk forage units (MFU/ha) and gross protein (kg CP/ha) all three variables were of significant influence as were their interactions. In the April sampling, the species which showed a significantly higher production ($p{\leq}0.05$) was rye (1,693 kg DM/ha), which, along with its forage quality (16.56% CP, 0.886 MFU/kg DM) meant that the same occurred in MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. Significant differences between species were also found for the June sampling. The most productive cereal was again rye with 2,656 kg DM/ha, although its sharp fall in forage quality meant that barley cv Albacete (2,513 kg DM/ha) returned the highest production in forage units (1,934 vs. 1,951 MFU/ha) and barley cv. Cameo (2,413 kg DM/ha) in gross protein production (242 vs. 264 kg CP/ha). The significantly highest cereal production for July was barley cv. Albacete (4,923 kg DM/ha, 9.11% CP 0.722 MFU/kg DM). As a consequence of the results, we conclude that from the viewpoint of nutritional quality and production, rye is the most suitable for use in early spring in whatever year and location. However, barley cv. "Albacete" is the most appropriate for utilisation in later spring or early summer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2024

"Chamgreen" was a domestically developed rye (Secale cereal L.) cultivar in South Korea, known for its quick heading, cold resistance, and abundant yield of forage. The heading date of cv. 'Chamgreen' averaged April 17th, which was 4 days earlier than the standard cv. 'Gogu'. In the early harvesting stage, the plant height reached an average of 119 cm, 7 cm taller than the standard cv. 'Gogu', and the number of spikes per m² was 865, slightly less than cv. 'Gogu's 897. Resistance to cold and powdery mildow remained consistent across four regions nationwide over three years, with an average rating of 0, matching cv. 'Gogu'. Lodging resistance was also rated at 2, equivalent to cv. 'Gogu'. The dry matter yield of cv. 'Chamgreen' was 9.1 tons per hectare, 15% higher than cv. 'Gogu's 7.9 tons. Although the protein content in cv. 'Chamgreen' was 13.5%, 1.6% lower than cv. 'Gogu', the total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was 5.81 tons per hectare, 20% higher than cv. 'Gogu'. Due to its strong cold resistance, cv. 'Chamgreen' allows for winter cultivation through double cropping and rotation systems in various regions across the country.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2009

An efficient system for high frequency plant regeneration was established through investigating various factors such as plant growth regulator combinations, explant types and ages, and addition of $AgNO_3$ influenced on shoot regeneration in Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sarisha-10. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (56.67%) among the different combinations of NAA and BA. Explant type, explant age, and addition of $AgNO_3$ also significantly affected shoot regeneration. Of the four type of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl, root, and leaf explants)- cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency and hypocotyls explants produced the highest number of shoots per explant, whereas root explants did not produce any shoot. The cotyledonary explants from Four-day-old seedlings showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots per explant. Shoot regeneration frequency increased significantly by adding $AgNO_3$ to the medium. Two mg/L $AgNO_3$ appeared to be the best for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot regeneration frequency (86.67%) and number of shoots per explant (7.5 shoots). Considerable variation in shoot regeneration from cotyledonay explants was observed within the B. juncea L. genotypes. The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 47.78% for cv. Shambol to 91.11% for cv. Rai-5. In terms of the number of shoots produced per explant, B. juncea L. cv. Daulot showed the maximum efficiency. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to pot soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.368-376
• /
• 2013

The optimal condition for Morus alba cv was an MS culture medium at $27^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. Cheongmoknosang callus showed inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori at 1.05 g of wet weight of the cultured callus. The callus formation of Morus alba cv. Cheongmoknosang was influenced by naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and kinetin at concentrations of 2 mg/l. The growth rate of callus was higher than it was when these hormones were mixed with a single hormone. Thus, the optimal condition for direct callogenesis was to incubate with mixture (2,4-D/NAA) of 2 mg/l concentration at $27^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. Moreover, the optimal culture condition of the biomass in the mass production of inhibitory compounds against Helicobacter pylori from Morus alba cv. Cheongmoknosang callus was to incubate in an MS broth (each concentration 1 mg/l of 2,4-D and BA). When Morus alba cv. Cheongmoknosang callus were incubated for 20 days in a bioreactor, Helicobacter pylori inhibition of callus extracts was the highest at a clear zone of 16 mm.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2006

A 50-year-old female patient who had anovulational uterine with acute heavy uterine bleeding from the 18th., October, 2006 was hosptalized from the 7th November, 2006 to the 18th, November, 2006 in Dongshindae suncheon Oriental Medical hospital. The patient had been treated with herb-meidcation, acupuncture therapy and moxa therapy. In acupuncture therapy Sp10(Hyulhae, 血海,) Liv3(Taechung, 太衝) Sp6(Samumgyo, 三陰交) Cv6(Gihae. 氣海) Cv12(chunwan, 中脘) L14(Hapgok. 合谷) L7(列缺), were used on the 7th, November, 2006. In the Herbal Therapy, Seungynaggihyultang, Gamiguibitang, was used, In the Moxa therapy, Cv6(Gigae, 氣海) Cv12(chunwnas, 中脘) were used.