• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.549-556
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• 2015

This study extracted radish bud (Raphanus sativus L.) and investigated its nitrite scavenging activity, superoxide dismutases (SOD)-like activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition activity, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity according to extraction solvent and sprouting period. For nitrite scavenging activity, each extract recorded its highest level of 81.44~89.71% at pH 1.2. Radish bud extracts on sprouting days 4 and 8 showed greater scavenging activities than those on sprouting day 12 at pH 1.2 and pH 4.0. There were differences in scavenging activity according to extraction solvent based on water extract exhibiting improved scavenging activity. Ethanol extract recorded scavenging activity of 16.12% at pH 6.0, which was similar to those of ethanol and methanol radish bud extracts on sprouting day 12. SOD-like activity of radish bud extracts was in the range of 4.57~27.05%. For comparison purposes, SOD-like activity of L-ascorbic acid was 52.15%, which was higher than that of radish bud extracts. Acetone and methanol extracts showed high SOD-like activities on sprouting day 8. SOD-like activity of radish bud extracts on sprouting day 12 significantly decreased to 4.57~15.59%. Radish bud extracts recorded good tyrosinase inhibitory activities on sprouting 8 and 12, whereas methanol extracts recorded the greatest tyrosinase inhibitory activity at 62.65~84.89%. Radish bud extracts recorded xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of 21.26~29.52% on sprouting day 4, and acetone extracts showed the highest level of xanthine oxidase inhibition activity. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity tended to decrease with sprouting period compared early on. ACE inhibitory activity was in the range of 12.48~51.78% according to sprouting period and extraction solvent. Ethanol extracts on sprouting day 8 showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity of 51.78%. These results will hopefully contribute to research into the identification of materials and development of products for natural functional foods.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.247-257
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• 2005

An efficient, rapid and large-scale in vitro clonal propagation of agronomically important Indian cereal crop genotypes (NSH27 & K5) of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. by enhanced shoot proliferation in shoot tip segments was designed. MS medium fortified with plant growth regulators and coconut water markedly influenced in vitro propagation of Sorghum bicolor. In vitro plantlet production system has been investigated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with the synergistic combination of 6-benzyladenine ($22.2\;{\mu}M$), kinetin ($4.6\;{\mu}M$), adenine sulphate ($2.8\;{\mu}M$), 5% coconut water and 3% sucrose which promoted the maximum number of shoots as well as beneficial shoot length. Subculturing of shoot tip segments on a similar medium enabled continuous production of more than 100 healthy shoots with similar frequency. When the healthy shoot clumps were cultured on MS medium fortified with 6-benzyladenine ($22.2\;{\mu}M$), kinetin ($4.6\;{\mu}M$), adenine sulphate ($2.8\;{\mu}M$), ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid ($2.7\;{\mu}M$), ascorbic acid ($30.0\;{\mu}M$) and 5% coconut water, a rapid production of axillary and adventitious buds was developed after 8 wk culture. More than 300 shoots were produced 10 wk after culture. Rooting was highest (100%) on half strength MS medium containing 22.8 mM IAA. Micropropagated plants established in garden soil, farmyard soil and sand (2:1:1) were uniform and identical to the donor plant with respect to growth characteristics. These plants grew normally without showing any traits.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.668-672
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• 2003

An antioxidative activity of Portulaca oleracea was tested by in vitro experimental models. The antioxidative activities were determined by evaluation the DPPH radical scavenging activity and by measuring lipid peroxide using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA). The crude extract was sequentially partitioned with n-hexane, 15% aq. MeOH, EtOAc, n-BuOH, $H_2O$. Among them, a remarkable antioxidative effect was observed in the fractions of EtOAc and n-BuOH. The DPPH radical scavenging effect $(IC_{50}=17.90{\mu}g/ml)$ of the n-BuOH soluble fraction was comparable with that of natural antioxidant, ${\alpha}-tocopherol(IC_{50}=\;6.99{\mu}g/ml)$ and the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation in mouse liver homogenate was similar to that of natural antioxidant, L-ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.1mg/ml to 5mg/ml. From the BuOH soluble fraction yielded two biophenolic glycosides, 3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl-4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(1) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(2) using column chromatography and revered-phase HPLC. In particular, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of 2 was comparable to that tocopherol$(IC_{50}=6.59{\mu}g/ml)$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2015

The development of an enzymatic biosensor for dopamine determination based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and peroxidase obtained from the crude extract of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was proposed. Peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of dopamine to dopamine quinone. The influence on the response of analytical parameters of biosensors such as enzyme concentration, dopamine concentration, pH, and phosphate buffer solution concentration were investigated. The analytical parameters obtained, including sensitivity, linearity, and stability, were investigated. The proposed method for dopamine determination presented good selectivity even in the presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid. The sensor presented a higher response for dopamine in 0.010 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.50, with an applied potential of -0.15 V. The detection limit of the electrode was 2.7×10⁻⁶ M (S/N = 3) and the relative standard deviation of the measurements, which were repeated 10 times using 5.0×10⁻² M dopamine, was 1.3%.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2005

This study was done to investigate effects of antioxidant supplementation on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) -stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in elderly women. This study was designed as a placebo-controlled, single-blinded, randomized intervention trial. Twenty four elderly women aged over 60 years, visitings social welfare center in Seoul were divided into 3 groups, placebo (n = 8), vitamin C supplemented (n = 8) , and vitamin E supplemented (n = 8) groups. Experimental groups were given either 1000mg of L-ascorbic acid or 400 ill of d- $\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in antioxidant vitamins intakes and their plasma levels among pre-intervention groups. Plasma vitamin C or E levels was significantly increased after vitamin C or E sup-plementations. The increases of plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels in the placebo group were significantly higher than those of the supplemented 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the changes of plasma IL-2 level between pre- and post-intervention among the 3 groups. However there was a significant increase in PHA­stimulated IL-2 production by PBMCs after 4-week vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation. Particularly, vitamin E supplemented group showed a higher PHA-stimulated IL-2 production than vitamin C supplemented group. These results indicate that vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation might enhance mitogen-stimulated cytokine production by immune cells, which could be one of the factors to improve health status in the elderly.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Rhapontin is the glycosylated stilbene compound, and comprising major component of rhubarb root extract. Rhapontin has been used as a raw material of skin-whitening cosmetics in Korea. Rhapontigenin, the aglycone of rhapontin, has been suggested to be more active than its glycosylated form. Therefore, the rhubarb root extract was treated with commercial enzyme, Pectinex to remove glycosylated moiety of rhapontin and rhapontigenin was prepared. The resulting material was analysed and identified as rhapontigenin by proton NMR and MALDI-Mass. Rhapontigenin exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ of $126.72{\mu}g/mL$. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of rhapontigenin was six times higher than that of rhapontin. In melanin biosynthesis inhibition assay using Streptomyces bikiniensis, rhapontigenin showed wider inhibition zone than that of rhapontin. From these results, we expect that rhapontigenin has stronger skin whitening effect than rhapontin and has advantages in cosmetic industry.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2018

The Rosa multiflora, a well-known plant belonging to Rosacea, is widely used in orthodox medicine in worldwide. However, its biological activity as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products have not yet been studied. Accordingly, an investigation of the above mentioned atrributes was performed on a 50% ethanol extract of Rosa multiflora. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH. Additionally, the contents of total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed. Also, the phenolic compounds were detected using HPLC. The melanogenesis regulatory effect was evaluated using melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells. The elastase inhibitory activity assay was performed for anti-wrinkle effect. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion assay. The DPPH radical scavenging ability, denoted by the $SC_{50}$ value was found to be $123.1{\mu}g/ml$, whereas that of positive control (ascorbic acid) was $27.5{\mu}g/mL$. The content of total polyphenol and flavonoid content were 202 mg/g and 86.77 mg/g, respectively. In addition, astragalin and gallic acid were identified in the extract. Also, the ethanol extract significantly inhibited ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. For anti-wrinkle effect, elastase inhibition activity of the ethanol extract was 53.2% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. The antimicrobial activity of the extract against S. aureus and E. coli was observed to be 0.5 - 5%, and no significant activity was noted against C. albicans. Therefore, the ethanol extract of Rosa multiflora can be used effectively for development of functional cosmetic materials.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2007

The fruits and stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten have been reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions, including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer effects. In the present study, we evaluated effects of the butanol fraction (SK OFB901) prepared from the 50% ethanol extract of the stems on various types of neuronal injuries induced by oxidative stress, excitotoxins, and amyloid ${\beta}\;(A_{\beta})$ in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Its antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were also evaluated by cell-free bioassays. We found that SK OFB901 strongly inhibited the oxidative neuronal damage induced by $H_2O_2$ or xanthine/xanthine oxidase. In addition, it exhibited marked inhibition of the excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, or kainate. Furthermore, the $A_{\beta(25-35)}$-induced neurotoxicity was also significantly attenuated by SK OFB901. It was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation initiated by $Fe^{2+}$ and L-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates and scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. These results indicate that the butanol fraction prepared from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten exerts potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms, implying its potential applications for the prevention or management of neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and $A{\beta}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

One-day-old Cherry valley meat-strain ducks were used to investigate the effect of supplemental dried oregano powder (DOP) in feed on the productivity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and breast meat quality. One hundred sixty five ducks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments for 42 days. The dietary treatment groups were control group (CON; no antibiotic, no DOP), antibiotic group (ANT; CON+0.1% Patrol), 0.1% DOP (CON+0.1% DOP), 0.5% DOP (CON+0.5% DOP), and 1.0% DOP (CON+1.0% DOP). Upon feeding, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of oregano extracts was higher than that of tocopherol, although it was less than that of ascorbic acid. As a result of in vivo study, DOP in the diet showed no effects on final body weight, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. However, dietary 0.5% and 1% DOP supplementation caused a significant increase in the serum enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with CON and ANT, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in tissue was increased as compared to ANT (p<0.05). Cooking loss from ducks fed with DOP decreased compared with the control ducks. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of duck breast meat at 5 d post slaughter was found to be significantly reduced in ducks whose diets were supplemented with 0.5% and 1% DOP (p<0.05). These results suggest that diets containing 0.5% and 1% DOP may beneficially affect antioxidant enzyme activity of GPx and SOD, improve meat cooking loss, and reduce TBARS values in breast meat at 5 d of storage in ducks.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

The effects of adding goldenrod leaf powder (GLP) and goldenrod stem powder (GSP) (0.1% and 0.5%) to raw ground pork on antioxidant activity were examined. The following six treatment groups were used: Control (without antioxidant), GLP1 (with 0.1% GLP), GLP2 (with 0.5% GLP), GSP1 (with 0.1% GSP), GSP2 (with 0.5% GSP) and AS (with 0.05% ascorbic acid). The chemical compositions, pH values, instrumental color, conjugated diene (CD), free fatty acids (FFA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) value were measured during 15 d of storage at chilled temperatures. The addition of GLP and GSP showed no effect on moisture, protein and fat contents of the samples. However, adding 0.5% GSP increased the ash contents of ground pork (p<0.05). The pH values of treated samples decreased until day 7, and then increased thereafter. The addition of GLP and GSP decreased the $L^*$ and $a^*$ values and increased the $b^*$ value (p<0.05). The CD, FFA and TBARS value of the control were higher (p<0.05) than samples containing GLP and GSP. The addition of GLP and GSP resulted in a significant decrease in CD, FFA and TBARS values. Overall, this study demonstrated that GL and GS could be used as an antioxidant of raw ground pork.