• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2001

Background : Although an oxidants and antioxidants imbalance has been considered in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a paucity of reports focussing on the smoking-induced changes of oxidants and antioxidants in COPD. Method : The concentration of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, uric acid, retinol, and $\alpha$- & $\gamma$-tocopherol) was measured in the serum and induced sputum of 30 healthy controls and 34 stable COPD patients using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The inhibition of lipid peroxidation as an index of antioxidant capacity was measured in the serum by a TBA assay. Results : The serum concentration of ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocopherol, and retinol were significantly lower in the patients with COPD than in healthy controls ($484.8{\pm}473.3$ vs $1497.8{\pm}819.2\;pmol/L$, $48.38{\pm}17.34$ vs $73.96{\pm}26.29\;pmol/L$, p<0.001, and $9.51{\pm}8.33$ vs $15.01{\pm}5.88\;pmol/L$, p<0.05, respectively, mean$\pm$SD). However, there were little differences in the ascorbic acid and uric acid concentrations in the induced sputum between the COPD patients and the controls. The induced sputum to serum ratio of ascorbic acid was significantly higher in COPD patients compared with healthy control (0.375 vs 0.085, p<0.05). In the normal controls, the serum ascorbic acid concentration was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers ($1073{\pm}536$ vs $1757{\pm}845\;pmol/L$, p<0.05), but the level was still higher than that of the COPD patients (p<0.05). The serum retinol levels were correlated with $FEV_1$ in COPD patients (r=0.58, p<0.05). The products of lipid peroxidation were increased in normal smokers and COPD compared with norma1 nonsmokers ($115.56{\pm}19.93$ vs $120.02{\pm}24.56$ vs $91.87{\pm}20.71\;{\mu}mol/{\mu}mol$ Pi of liposome, p<0.05). Conclusion : Cigarette smoking may induce the dep1etion of serum antioxidants and this depletion of antioxidants is suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1491-1496
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• 2007

As an oriental medicinal plant, wild grape (WG, Vitis coignetiae) has been known to contain abundant nutrients compared to grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and as a source of stilbenes, a kind of polyphenol. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative activity of WG extracts by measuring electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability (NSA), super oxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and total polyphenol content (TPC). The extracts were obtained using microwave-assisted extraction (microwave power: 90 W, extraction time: 5 min, extractant: water, 50 and 100% ethanol). EDAs, SOD-like activities and TPCs were the highest at 50% ethanol extracts while conversely lowest at 100% ethanol extracts. EDAs of 50% and 100% ethanol extracts at 1.6 g/dL concentration, $97.70{\pm}0.55\;and\;98.05{\pm}0.36%$, were higher than those of 0.1 and 1% L-ascorbic acids, $101.44{\pm}0.98%\;and\;99.43{\pm}0.78%$, respectively. At the concentration of 1.6 g/dL, 50% ethanol extract showed lower NSA (pH 1.2) than water extract unlike EDA, TPC and SOD-like activity. Regarding TPCs of WG extracts, the activities were the highest at 50% ethanol extracts (1.6 g/dL: $38.76{\pm}0.23$ mM gallic acid equiv.) followed by water and 100% ethanol extracts. The results suggest the usefulness of developing functional foods using antioxidative active compounds of WG with high polyphenol contents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 2021

The effect of medium composition on enzyme and β-glucan production by Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 12698 was investigated. Brown rice, rice bran, nitrogen, and ascorbic acid are key components of the synthetic medium used in liquid-state fermentation. To determine the optimal concentrations of these components for enzyme and β-glucan production, we conducted one factor at a time experiments, which showed that the optimal concentrations were 30 g/l brown rice, 30 g/l rice bran, 10 g/l soytone, and 3 g/l ascorbic acid. Pretreatment of brown rice for 60 min prior to inoculation enhanced fungal biomass, while increasing the production of enzymes and β-glucan using solid-state fermentation. Maximum fungal biomass of 0.76 mg/g, amylase (26,551.03 U/g), protease (1,340.50 U/g), and β-glucan at 9.34% (w/w) were obtained during fermentation. Therefore, solid-state fermentation of brown rice is a process that could enhance yield and overall production of enzymes and β-glucan for use in various applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.539-542
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• 2002

To evaluate a flower of rose, Rosa hybrids L. as a new food material, its chemical composition was analysed. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and crude fiber in rose petals were 16.3, 2.9, 5.4, 16.1% on dry basis, respectively. Free sugars showed 74.3 mg/g of fructose, 49.6 mg/g of glucose and 16.6 mg/g of xylose. The contents of ${\beta}$-carotene and ascorbic acid were 205.2 ug/100 g and 129.5 mg/100 g, respectively. The major minerals of rose petals were K, P, Mg, Ca, Na and Fe, and among them K was the most abundant as 1,981.7 mg/100 g. The major amino acids were aspartic acid as 4,007.3 mg/100 g, glutamic acid as 1,114.8 mg/100 g, lysine as 672.6 mg/100 g and leucine as 661.0 mg/100 g. Fatty acids were mainly unsaturated fatty acids as 76.3%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1545-1549
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• 2003

Broiler chickens were subjected to (i) pre-treatment for 24 h with 1,200 ppm L-ascorbic acid in their drinking water on day 42 (AA), (ii) 60% feed restriction on days 4, 5 and 6 (FR), (iii) combination of AA and FR (AAFR), or (iv) neither treatment (control). On day 43, the birds were crated and transported in an open truck for either 60 min or 120 min. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (HLR) were determined prior to ($T_0$) and 20 h following the 60 min ($T_60$) and 120 min ($T_120$) journeys. Prior to transportation, all treatment groups had similar HLR. Following $T_60$, the AAFR chicks had smaller increase in HLR than their control, AA and FR counterparts. The AA, FR and AAFR birds exhibited lower HLR than controls following $T_120$. The means HLR of AA, FR and AAFR did not differ significantly. Irrespective of journey time, AA and AAFR birds had shorter tonic immobility duration than their FR and control counterparts. The tonic immobility duration of all birds increased with journey duration.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.655-659
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• 2003

Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) system has been attracted increasing attention during last few years as a potential drug delivery carrier However, the SLN have disadvantage of low encapsulation efficiency for hydrophilic drug. In this study, for increase it's encapsulation efficiency, we prepared the $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ L100-55 (eudragit) coated SLN(E-SLN) based on solvent evaporation method and melt dispersion technique, and analyzed their physicochemical properties in terms of particle size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. As a result, they have a ${\pm}150$ nm particle size, spherical shape, and $10^{\sim}25$ % loading efficiency. SLN consists of coconut oil as core material, ascorbic acid and okyong-san as hydrophilic drug.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 1992

Leaf discs were excised from spinach leaves (Spinaia oleracea L.) and floated in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) containing paraquat solutions (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm), and incubated in the growth chamber under 5, 500 lux illumination at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Treatment with paraquat caused the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation in leaf discs. When 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat solutions were applied to leaf discs, the contents of MDA were increased by 63, n6, 100, 140 and 150% of the level without paraquat treatment, respectively. 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat treatments reduced the amounts of ascorbic acid in leaf discs by 23, 35, 38, 42 and 56% of the level without paraquat treatment respectively. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaf discs of 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat treatments were decreased by 23, 42, 48, 61 and 70% of the level of SOD in non-treated group, respectively. The results suggest that paraquat may cause peroxidation of membrane lipid in spinach leaves as a result of paraquat-induced destruction of physiological defense against oxygen phytotoxicity.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 1997

Leaf discs were excised from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) and floated in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) containing paraquat solutions (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm), and incubated in the growth chamber under 5,500 lux illumination at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Treatment with paraquat caused the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation in leaf discs. When 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat solutions were applied to leaf discs, the contents of MDA were increased by 63, 86, 100, 140 and $150\%$ of the level without paraquat treatment respectively. 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat treatments reduced the amounts of ascorbic acid in leaf discs by 23, 35, 38, 42 and $56\%$ of the level without paraquat treatment, respectively. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaf discs of 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat treatments were decreased by 23, 42, 48, 61 and $70\%$ of the level of SOD in non-treated group, respectively. The results suggest that paraquat may cause peroxidation of membrane lipid in spinach leaves as a result of paraquat-induced destruction of physiological defense against oxygen phytotoxicity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2017

This study explored the physicochemical and nutritional changes associated with storage duration of fresh tomatoes. Fruits of the 'TY Megaton' and 'Yureka' tomato cultivars were harvested at the pink stage and stored at $12^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. During storage, firmness, weight loss, skin color (Hunter L, a, b, a / b values), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, antioxidant contents (lycopene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics) and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Firmness was above the minimum marketable limit and fresh weight loss was below maximum acceptable weight loss after 3 weeks of storage, and no deleterious effect on antioxidant contents or activities were observed. Significant differences in SSC, TA, and pH were seen between varieties, but not between fruits stored for different durations. In both varieties, Hunter a values increased more than five-fold after 8 days of storage; this correlated with a more than four-fold accumulation of lycopene after two weeks of storage. The antioxidant activity of tomatoes was highest at the beginning of the storage period, likely because of the effective DPPH - reducing power of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. Antioxidant activity increased after 12 days of storage because of increasing lycopene content. Hence, this study indicates that pink - stage tomatoes may be stored at $12^{\circ}C$ for up to 3 weeks without affecting marketability or nutritional value.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to examine changes in the color and antioxidant compounds of paprika powder under various conditions, as well as to establish the suitable conditions for drying and storage. Paprika was dried using the following methods: freeze-drying, vacuum drying, far infrared-ray drying, and hot-air drying. Measurements of the moisture content, color pigments, and antioxidant compounds (total carotenoids, capsanthin, ascorbic acid, and total polyphenols) were completed during 120 days of storage at 4 and $30^{\circ}C$. We found that drying methods, storage temperatures, and packaging materials affected the American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) and Hunter color values, as well as the antioxidant content of paprika powder. There was a high correlation (r=0.87, p<0.01) between the ASTA color and the $a^*/b^*$ value. The loss of red color was closely related to the reduction of moisture content (r=0.81, p<0.01) during storage. Drying paprika with a low temperature in the absence of air resulted in better retention of the carotenoids and ascorbic acid. Also, as the retention of the carotenoids and ascorbic acid increased, the stability of the red pigment increased. Freeze-drying was found to be the most suitable drying method for the stability of the antioxidant compounds and red pigment.