• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.871-877
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed and soil characteristics as affected by difference of soil thickness and mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plants in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module system that was made by woody materials for $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$. Soil mixture ratio were three types for perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=6:2:2(v/v/v, $P_6P_2L_2$), perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=5:3:2(v/v/v, $P_5P_3L_2$) and perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=4:4:2(v/v/v, $P_4P_4L_2$). On June 2006, Pllioblastus pygmaed were planted directly in a green roof module system in rows. All treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replication. The results are summarized below. In term of soil characteristics, Soil acidity and electric conductivity was measured in pH 6.0~6.6 and 0.12dS/m~0.19dS/m, respectively. Organic matter and exchangeable cations desorption fell in the order: $P_4P_4L_2$ > $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_6P_2L_2$. $P_6P_2L_2$ had higher levels of the total solid phase and liquid phase, and $P_4P_4L_2$ had gas phase for three phases of soil in the 15cm and 25cm soil thickness. Although Pllioblastus pygmaed was possibled soil thickness 15cm, there was a trend towards increased soil thickness with increased leaf length, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents in 25cm. The growth response of Pllioblastus pygmaed had fine and sustain condition in order to $P_6P_2L_2$ = $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_4P_4L_2$. However, The results of this study suggested that plants grown under $P_4P_4L_2$ appear a higher density ground covering than plants grown under $P_6P_2L_2$. Collectively, our data emphasize that soil thickness for growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed were greater than soil mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 $CO_2$를 이용한 알칼리폐수의 중화처리 시 jet loop reactor의 적용가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연속식 jet loop reactor에서 pH=10.1인 알칼리 폐수의 유입유량($Q_{L,in}=0.9{\sim}6.6L/min$)과 유입가스유량($Q_{G,in}=1{\sim}6L/min$)을 변화시키면서 유출수의 pH 변화 및 $CO_2$ 제거특성을 살펴보았다. 중화반응 후 유출수의 pH는 $Q_{L,in}/Q_{G,in}$ 비가 1.1일 때는 $Q_{G,in}$ 및 $Q_{L,in}$이 증가하여도 pH가 7.2 정도로 일정하게 유지되었다. 그러나 $Q_{L,in}/Q_{G,in}$ 비가 1.1 이상에서는 $Q_{L,in}/Q_{G,in}$ 비가 증가할수록 $CO_2$ 제거효율 및 배출수의 pH가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구범위에서 얻어진 최대 $CO_2$ 제거효율은 98.06%로 $Q_{G,in}=2L/min$, $Q_{L,in}=4L/min$인 조건이었으며, 이때의 유출수 pH는 8.43 이었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Bacillus-fermented Scutellariae Radix acupuncture solution (SB) on interleukin(IL) production in mouse macrophage stimulatedby lipopolysaccaride(LPS). Methods : Productions of interleukins were measured y High-throughput Multiplex Bead based Assay with Bio-plex Suspension Array System based on $xMAP^{(R)}$(multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. To begin with, cell culture supernatant was obtained after treatment with LPS(1 ${\mu}g/mL$) and SB for 24 hour. Then, it was incubated with the antibody-conj${\mu}g$ated beads for 30 minutes. And detection antibody was added and incubated for 30 minutes. After incubating for 30 minutes, Strepavidin-conjugated Phycoerythrin(SAPE) was then added. Incubating for another 30 minutes, the level of SAPE fluorescence was analyzed on Bio-plex Suspension Array System. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-3($9.15{\pm}0.35$ pg/mL) by $6.92{\pm}0.05,\;7.21{\pm}0.11,\;6.96{\pm}0.33,\;and\;7.45{\pm}0.74$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-5($7.30{\pm}0.48$ pg/mL) by $6.50{\pm}0.29,\;6.30{\pm}0.25,\;6.30{\pm}0.25,\;and\;5.80{\pm}0.25$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50 100, and 200 ${\mg}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced productiion of IL-9($17.26{\pm}0.19$ pg/mL) by $15.01{\pm}0.43$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced productioh of IL-13($187.80{\pm}2.90$ pg/mL) by $152.80{\pm}4.25,\;172.80{\pm}3.97,\;162.10{\pm}6.67,\;and\;165.30{\pm}11.80$ pg/mL at the concentration fo 25, 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-17($18.30{\pm}0.95$ pg/mL) by $13.30{\pm}1.25,\;13.80{\pm}1.11,\;13.30{\pm}0.75,\;and\;14.00{\pm}1.08$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-23($43.90{\pm}0.83$ pg/mL by $39.50{\pm}1.26,\;38.00{\pm}1.78,\;and\;39.60{\pm}2.49$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that SB has anti-inflammatory activity related with its inhibition of IL-3, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-23 production in macrophages.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.900-910
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 난과식물 중 하나인 심비디움의 배수체 육종을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시되었으며, 기내 심비디움의 PLBs에 colchicine과 oryzalin을 처리방법과 농도, 기간을 다양하게 하여 배수체 유도에 최적의 조건을 찾고자 수행하였다. Colchicine은 50, 100, 300, $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1, 2, 3주간 처리하였고 oryzalin은 3, 5, 10, $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1, 2, 3주 또는 3, 6, 9일간 처리하였는데 oryzalin에 비해 colchicine을 처리했을 때 생존율이 높게 나타났다. Flow cytometry를 이용하여 배수성을 검정해본 결과 Cymbidium Showgirl 'Silky'의 경우, colchicine은 $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1주간 처리 시 6배체 획득효율이 60%, oryzalin은 $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 2주간 처리 시 6배체 획득효율이 46.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. Cymbidium Mystery Island 'Silk Road'(Silk Road-4)의 경우, colchicine은 $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 1주간 처리 시 6배체 획득효율이 16.7%, oryzalin은 $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$농도로 3일간 처리시 6배체 획득효율이 6.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 즉, 두 hybrid 모두 oryzalin보다 colchicine을 처리했을 때 염색체 배가에 더 효율적이었다. 또한 처리 전 PLBs를 뾰족한 핀셋으로 10회 찌르는 방법을 통해 염색체 배가 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2009

19 Aromatic ring and L-amino acid ester contained rupestonic acid amide derivatives 2a~2l, 3a~3g were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated in vitro against influenza virus $A_3$,B and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), 2(HSV-2) by the national center for drug screening of China. The rusults showed that 2i possessed the highest inhibition against both influenza virus $A_3\;(TC_{50}\;=\;120.6\;{\mu}mol/L,\;IC_{50}=\;19.2\;{\mu}$mol/L, SI = 6.3) and B (T$C_{50}\;=\;120.6\;{\mu}mol/L,\;IC_{50}=\;29.9\;{\mu}$mol/L, SI = 4.0); 2g was more active against influenza $A_3$ virus at very low cytotoxicity ($TC_{50}\;>\;2092.1\;{\mu}mol/L,\;IC_{50}=\;143.7\;{\mu}mol/L,$ SI > 14.6) than the parent compound; Compounds 2b, 2c, 2f showed higher activities both against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than that of the parent compound, and 2f was the most potent inhibitor of HSV-1 ($TC_{50}\;=\;200.0\;{\mu}mol/L,\;IC_{50}\;=\;11.3\;{\mu}mol$/L, SI = 17.7 ) and HSV-2 ($TC_{50}\;=\;200.0\;{\mu}mol/L,\;IC_{50}\;=\;20.7\;{\mu}mol$/L , SI = 9.7).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.892-898
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• 2005

A long, bis(monodentate), linking Schiff-base ligand L (py-CH=N-$C_6H_4$-N=CH-py) was prepared from 1,4-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde by the Schiff-base condensation. Ligand L has two terminal pyridyl groups capable of coordinating to metals through their nitrogen atoms. In contrast, the same reaction between 1,2-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde produced a mixture of imidazol isomers (2-pyridin-3-yl-1H-benzoimidazole), which are connected to one another by the N-H…N hydrogen bonding to form a tetramer. From Zn($NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and ligand L under various conditions, one discrete molecule, trans- [Zn($H_2O)_4L_2]{\cdot}(NO_3)_2{\cdot}(MeOH)_2$, and two 1-D zinc polymers, [Zn$(NO_3)(H_2O)_2(L)]{\cdot}(NO_3){\cdot}(H_2O)_2$ and [Zn(L) (OBC)($H_2O$)], were prepared. In ligand L, the N$\ldots$N separation between the terminal pyridyl groups is 13.994 $\AA$, with their nitrogen atoms at the meta positions (3,3’) in a trans manner. The corresponding N$\ldots$N separations in its compounds range from 13.853 to 14.754 $\AA$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 1999

우리나라 찰옥수수의 품질을 향상시키는 성분육종의 기초자료를 제공하고자, 310개 $F_1$의 지방산 조성과 항산화 활성, 페놀화합물, tocopherols, carotenoids의 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. Palmitic acid와 stearic acid, linoleic acid, 불포화지방산은 각각 $14.6{\pm}2.5%,\;2.5{\pm}1.0%,\;24.8{\pm}4.2%,\;55.6{\pm}5.4%,\;81.8{\pm}3.1%$였고, 항산화 활성과 페놀화합물, tocopherols, carotenoids의 함량은 각각 $22.8{\pm}5.9%,\;36.2{\pm}11.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;120.3{\pm}27.7\;{\mu}g/mL,\;0.4{\pm}0.6\;{\mu}g/mL$였다. Linoleic acid와 oleic acid 간에는 고도의 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 항산화활성은 페놀화합물과 tocopherols 함량과는 고도의 상관관계가 있었으나, carotenoids의 함량과는 유의성이 없었다

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.492-497
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• 2023

Objective: The objectives were to demonstrate that the nitrogen and energy in pig urine supplemented with hydrochloric acid (HCl) are not volatilized and to determine the minimum amount of HCl required for nitrogen preservation from pig urine. Methods: In Exp. 1, urine samples of 3.0 L each with 5 different nitrogen concentrations were divided into 2 groups: 1.5 L of urine added with i) 100 mL of distilled water or ii) 100 mL of 6 N HCl. The urine in open plastic containers was placed on a laboratory table at room temperature for 10 d. The weight, nitrogen concentration, and gross energy concentration of the urine samples were determined every 2 d. In Exp. 2, three urine samples with different nitrogen concentrations were added with different amounts of 6 N HCl to obtain varying pH values. All urine samples were placed on a laboratory table for 5 d followed by nitrogen analysis. Results: Nitrogen amounts in urine supplemented with distilled water decreased linearly with time, whereas those supplemented with 6 N HCl remained constant. Based on the linear broken-line analysis, nitrogen was not volatilized at a pH below 5.12 (standard error = 0.71 and p<0.01). In Exp. 3, an equation for determining the amount of 6 N HCl to preserve nitrogen in pig urine was developed: additional 6 N HCl (mL) to 100 mL of urine = 3.83×nitrogen in urine (g/100 mL)+0.71 with R² = 0.96 and p<0.01. If 62.7 g/d of nitrogen is excreted, at least 240 mL of 6 N HCl should be added to the urine collection container. Conclusion: Nitrogen in pig urine is not volatilized at a pH below 5.12 at room temperature and the amount of 6 N HCl required for nitrogen preservation may be up to 240 mL per day for a 110-kg pig depending on urinary nitrogen excretion.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2003

Candida magnoliae M26에 의한 erythritol의 산업적 생산을 위한 산업용 질소원의 선정과 이를 이용한 유가식 배양에서의 erythritol 생산을 위한 최적 조건의 결정에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과에서 산업용 질소원으로 가격이 가장 저렴하면서 erythritol의 수율과 생산성이 거의 yeast extract와 유사한 light steep water (LSW)를 선정하였다. 즉 선정한 LSW 43.3 mL/L과 glucose 250 g/L을 이용한 회분식 발효에서 52.6％의 수율과 0.52 g/L-hr의 생산성으로 131.6 g/L의 erythritol을 생산하였다. 생산성 향상을 위한 2단계 유가식 배양에서 고농도 균체를 얻기 위한 최적이 C/N ratio는 1.7으로서 glucose 100 g/L와 LSW 500 mL/L를 이용한 회분식 배양에서 71.0 g/L의 세포농도를 얻을 수 있었다. 배지의 초기 pH 조절방법에 대한 연구에서는 28％ 암모니아 용액으로 pH 6.5로 조절할 경우 erythritol의 수율은 감소하였으나 높은 생산성으로 erythritol을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 erythritol의 수율 향상을 위한 생산단계에서의 최적 glucose 농도는 450 g/L이 되도록 하는 경우이며, 이때에 37.3％의 수율과 1.66 g/L-hr의 생산성으로 185.5 g/L의 erythritol을 생산할 수 있었다. 따라서 산업용 질소원으로 선정된 LSW를 이용한 2단계 유가식 발효 공정을 통하여 회분식 배양과 비교해 볼 때 수율은 1.4배 정도 감소되었지만 erythritol의 생산성은 3.2배로 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 1990

This experiment was to investigate the Leptospiral antibody in the pigs with the serological test in two areas of Kangwondo from March to April. 1989. Twelve different living antigen (L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona, L. hardjo, L. australis, L. canicola, L. autumnalis, L. grippotyphosa, L. tarassovi, L. pyrogenes, L. bataviae, L. lai and L. ballum) of Leptospira interrogans was used for the serological test in the pigs. The blood sample of 280 pigs collected from the slaughter houses were detected by microscopic-agg-lutination test. The results were as follows, 1. Among the serum sample of 280 heads of the pigs, 6 heads of the swine (2.14%) were positive. 2. Among the positive sample of 6 heads, 3 heads of the swine (1.1%) showed the antibody of L. ict-erohaemorrhagiae, 2 heads of the swine (0.7%) showed the antibody of L. canicola, and 1 head of the swine (0.4%) showed the antibody of L. pomona. 3. The positive rate of Leptospira interrogans in the swine of Kangwondo appeared to be very low.