• World Technopolis Review
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.8-20
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• 2019

The intent of this paper is to identify key actors of a sustainable Smart City and define metrics that will allow assessment and better management of Sustainable Smart Cities. The paper is organized in two major segments. The first segment reviews the definition, six components, six action items of Smart Cities. It describes briefly a sample Smart City project and presents a selection of different dimensions along which Smart Cities are ranked and the rankings. The segment also discusses the technology architecture of a Smart City and then examines the definition and components of an innovation platform. The second presents the original contributions of the paper. It first introduces the dynamics created seven key actors of a Smart City ecosystem and describes their existing and potential contributions. It then defines Innopreneurship platform and presents a triple bottom line based quality metric to evaluate such a platform. This segment also discusses reengineering an economy and suggests a Smart City's Innovation Platform Score. The actions to be taken by the key actors of a Smart City in order to make it a Sustainable Smart City are described in several subsections. We hope these concepts and metrics will be a good starting point and will be refined over time by others.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1997

지황 (Rehmannia glutinosa) 에서 종근 저장시 나타나는 병원균의 오염율을 없애면서 종묘를 대량 증식시키기 위한 방법의 하나로 조직을 액체 배양하여 직접 체세포배를 형성하고자 할 때 효과적인 생장조절제의 종류와 농도 및 이들의 혼용 효과와 직접 체세포배 형성 효율이 높온 최적 치상 조직을 찾고자 실험 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. MS고체배지에 잎 절편을 치상한 결과 BA를 1.0 mg/l 이상처리 한 경우에는 직접적으로 체세포배가 형성되었으나 BA 1.0 mg/1에 NNA를 혼용한 경우에는 캘러스만 형성되었고, BA 2.0 mg/l에 NAA를 혼용한 경우에는 캘러스 과정을 거쳐 체세포배가 형성되었다. 2. MS 액체배지에 잎 절편을 배양한 결과 IAA와 NAA를 각각 0.5 mg/l로 처리하거나, IAA와 IBA를 각각 2.0 mg/l로 처리한 경우 직접 체세포배가 형성 되었다. 3. 잎 절편을 MS 액체배지에 치상하였을 때 BA, zeatin 및 kinetin을 각각 2.0 mg/l로 처리한 경우 직접체세포배가 효과적으로 형성되 었다. 4. IAA 1.0 mg/l에 BA, zeatin및 kinetin을 혼용처리한 MS 액체배지에 잎 절편을 배양한 결과, zeatin 2.0mg/l을 혼용 처리한 구에서 직접 체세포배 형성율이 가장 높았고 다음이 kinetin 2.0 mg/l 와 zeatin 5.0mg/l을 조합한 경우이었다. 5. 치상 6주 후부터 줄기, 엽병 및 잎 절편에서 직접 체세포배가 형성되었으나, 8주 후 치상 조직별 체세포배 형성율은 잎 절편에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.82-91
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• 1991

본 논문에서는, 후지쯔의 음성 자동인식 관련 제품 개발의 역사, 현재의 상품, 그리고 앞으로의 연구 개발에 대해서 소개한다. 현재는 4,000단어로 부터 12,000단어를 인식하는 특정 화자형의 F2360, 17단어를 인식하는 불특정 화자형의 F2355 L/S를 판매하고 있으며, 앞으로의 연구 개발로는 음소 변형에 적극적으로 대처하고, 자연적인 발성을 인식하기 위한 기초 기술을 개발할 계획에 있다. 인식할 단어의 문자 표기에 음향 segment 변형 규칙을 적용하여 음향 segment network를 자동 생산하여서 입력 음성과의 조합을 행한다. 이 기초 기술을 대어휘 단어 음성 인식에 응용하기 위해서 필요한 단어 후보 선택 방식, 문절 발성을 문장 입력에 응용하기 위한 문절 후보 생성 방식과 문 검사 방식에 대해서도 서술한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2003

A polymeric micelle drug delivery system was developed to enhance the solubility of poorly-water soluble drug, biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate, DDB. The block copolymers consisting of poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) as the hydrophobic segment and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as the hydrophilic segment were synthesized and characterized by NMR, DSC and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The size of the polymeric micelles measured by dynamic light scattering showed a narrow monodisperse size distribution with the average diameter less than 50 nm. The MW of mPEG-PLA, 3000 (MW of mPEG, 2 K; MW of PLA, 1K), and the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments on the polymeric micelles were confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and NMR, respectively. Polymeric micelle solutions of DDB were prepared by three different methods, i.e. the matrix method, emulsion method and dialysis method. In the matrix method, DDB solubility was reached to 13.29 mg/mL. The mPEG-PLA 2K-1K micelle system was compared with the poloxamer 407 micelle system for their critical micelle concentration, micelle size, solubilizing capacity, stability in dilution and physical state. DDB loaded-polymeric micelles prepared by the matrix method showed a significantly increased aqueous solubility (＞5000 fold over intrinsic solubility) and were found to be superior to the poloxamer 407 micelles as a drug carrier.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1756-1762
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• 2007

Envelope proteins of virus contain a segment of hydrophobic amino acids, called as fusion peptide, which triggers membrane fusion by insertion into membrane and perturbation of lipid bilayer structure. Potential fusion peptide sequences have been identified in the middle of L or M proteins or at the N-terminus of S protein in the envelope of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Two 16-mer peptides representing the N-terminal fusion peptide of the S protein and the internal fusion peptide in L protein were synthesized, and their membrane disrupting activities were characterized. The internal fusion peptide in L protein showed higher activity of liposome leakage and hemolysis of human red blood cells than the N-terminal fusion peptide of S protein. Also, the membrane disrupting activity of the extracellular domain of L protein significantly increased when the internal fusion peptide region was exposed to N-terminus by the treatment of V8 protease. These results indicate that the internal fusion peptide region of L protein could activate membrane fusion when it is exposed by proteolysis.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.666-676
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• 2023

Laurencia is a red algal genus that was described by J.V. Lamouroux in 1813. The main characteristics of this genus have been known as the presence of four pericentral cells in an axial segment, secondary pit connections between adjacent epidermal cells, and the presence of corps en cerise in both epidermal and trichoblast cells. Additionally, the tetrasporangia are arranged in a parallel manner, and male branches feature terminal cup-shaped spermatangial pits. Currently, sixteen Korean Laurencia species have been reported based on their morphological characteristics. In this study, Laurencia decussata and L. pacifica have been added as new records to the Korean algal flora based on a combination of morphological observations and molecular analyses of rbcL sequences. Laurencia decussata has expanded from Australia and New Zealand to Korea, while the distribution of L. pacifica has expanded from USA and Mexico to Korea.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2011

This study attempts to investigate the interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners (ISIB-L), examining Chinese talkers' production of English liquids and its perception of native listeners and non-native Chinese and Korean listeners. An Accent Judgment Task was conducted to measure non-native talkers' and listeners' phonological proficiency, and two levels of proficiency groups (high and low) participated in the experiment. The English liquids /l/ and /r/ produced by Chinese talkers were considered in terms of positions (syllable initial and final), contexts (segment, word and sentence) and lexical density (minimal vs. nonminimal pair) to see if these factors play a role in ISIIB-L. Results showed that both matched and mismatched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners occurred except for the initial /l/. Non-native Chinese and Korean listeners, though only with high proficiency, were more accurate at identifying initial /r/, final /l/ and final /r/, but initial /l/ was significantly more intelligible to native listeners than non-native listeners. There was evidence of contextual and lexical density effects on ISIB-L. No ISIB-L was demonstrated in sentence context, but both matched and mismatched ISIB-L was observed in word context; this finding held true for only high proficiency listeners. Listeners recognized the targets better in the non-minimal pair (sparse density) environment than the minimal pair (higher density) environment. These findings suggest that ISIB-L for English liquids is influenced by talkers' and listeners' proficiency, syllable position in association with L1 and L2 phonological structure, context, and word neighborhood density.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2022

Inspecting herbaria collections of Laurencia rigida highlighted frequent misidentifications between L. rigida and L. heteroclada f. decussata, two poorly studied taxa from Australia. Recent collections of DNA material, including from topotype material, allowed for re-examination of these two taxa using molecular techniques. Detailed morphological and molecular analyses based on two markers (rbcL and COI-5P) strongly supported these two taxa as being distinct from each other and requiring nomenclatural changes. Comprehensive morphological analyses highlighted features useful for accurate identifications. Interestingly, L. rigida was found to belong to the genus Palisada with evidence from both the morphology and molecular data. Therefore, this study proposed recognizing L. rigida as Palisada rigida comb. nov. Molecular data for L. heteroclada f. decussata on the other hand supported its separation from L. heteroclada, with too great a molecular distance to be considered a variety. Morphological characters that best separated P. rigida from L. decussata included seven characters; number of pericentral cells per vegetative axial segment, the presence of secondary pit connections, the presence of lenticular thickenings, tetrasporangia alignment, the presence of corps en cerise, holdfast morphology, and overall plant shape. Morphologically, L. heteroclada f. decussata was also separated from L. heteroclada, particularly by the following characteristics; ultimate branchlets morphologies, lower order branch lengths, primary axis and holdfast morphologies. Therefore, it was proposed that L. heteroclada f. decussata is recognized at a species level as L. decussata comb. et stat. nov.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.329-330
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• 2003

In general, the thermoplastic elastomers have the elastic recovery property caused by phyical crosslinks after the stress is applied. Segmented block copolyetheresters also have been used as elastomers. Many$\^$l-2/ tried to improve the elastic recovery of those which are less elastic than polyurethane. We confirmed that the copolyetherester based on poly(2,6-butylene naphthalate)(PBN) ha.4 segment had the high melting temperature, whcih was useable at the broader temperature range and the one based on poly(1,3-trimethylene terephthalate)(PTT) the high crystallinity, which would be expected to get the high elastic recovery. (omitted)

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.261-268
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• 1996

An experimental study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of nerve growth factor(NGF) on inferior alveolar nerve in a rabbit model. In 20 New Zealand white rabbits, 14mm of bilat eral alveolar nerve were resected and the defects were repaired with the 17mm silicone conduits. In group I, 5mm autologous nerve segment were located centrally in the left side after tubulization and NGF solution(Sigma chemical 0.1 mg/mL) was instilled into each conduit. In group II, nerve repair modality was the same but no NGF solution was instilled into the conduits. On 2 months and 6 months postoperatively, the results were evaluated by clinical and hist omorphometric assessment. The result was that autologous nerve segment group show the best nerve regeneration effect and NGF instilled group the worst.