• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1), which is located on chromosome 1q23, was recently reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PBX1 gene are associated with overweight/obesity in a Korean population. We genotyped 66 SNPs in the PBX1 gene and investigated their association with clinical phenotypes found in 214 overweight/obese subjects and 160 control subjects using the Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping chip array. Seven SNPs (g.+75l86C>T, g.+78350C>A, g.+80646C>T, g.+138004C>T, g.+185219G>A, g.+191272A>C, and g.+265317T>A) were associated with the risk of obesity in three models (codominant, dominant, and recessive) (P=0.007-0.05). Haplotype 1 (CAC) and 3 (TAC) of block 3 and haplotype 2 (GGAAT) of block 10 were also strongly associated with the risk of obesity. In the control group, subjects that had homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C showed lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level compared to those possessing the minor allele, suggesting that the association between the homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C and HDL-C is attributable to the increased risk of obesity. This study suggests that the PBX1 gene is a possible risk factor in overweight/obese patients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.312-320
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• 2007

The screening of anti-cancer activity for the MeOH extracts of 163 natural sources, which were registered as edible plants by Korea Food & Drug Administration, exhibited 9 extracts to have significant inhibitory effects on farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) and phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3). In order to confirm the inhibitory activity of these active extracts, the activity assay was repeated for some fractions obtained from the active extracts using Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC). Some fractions of Carya illinoensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Panicum miliaceum, Perilla frutescens, Rosmarinus officinalis showed over 50% inhibitory activity on FPTase as well as those of Capsella bursa-pastoris, C. illinoensis, C. vulgaris, Coix lacrymajobi, Myristica fragrans, P. miliaceum, R. officinalis did over 50% inhibitory activity on PRL-3.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.231-242
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• 2013

This study was performed to develop cod bone stock using various nutritional elements in cod bone with the addition of various amounts of tomatoes (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%). Moisture contents, pH, L value and Na contents decreased, while the salinity, sugar contents, a value, b value and Mg, K, Ca, Fe contents increased with increased rates of tomatoes. Fourteen types of free amino acid were detected, and stock containing 6% of tomato addition had the highest free amino acid content. In the test on different attributes, tomato content significantly affected the properties of the stock including color intensity, savory flavor, tomato flavor, tomato taste, savory taste and after taste. In the acceptance test, 6% of tomato addition was preferred for appearance, flavor, taste, texture and overall quality. Consequently, the optimal tomato content for maximizing the overall quality of cod bone stock was 6%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 1980

In this paper, we studied what the drug name of Sang-Baik-Pi(桑白皮) Mori Cortex Radicis) is, how to collect it; and how the chief symptoms had changed in the chinese medical references and herbological literatures and formularies. Also we bibliographically analyzed in the herbological way the drugs combinated with Sang-Baik-Pi and their active principles among the prescriptions in the famous medical book; 'Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam', (東醫寶鑑) of our country. Finally, we concluded as foolow. Numerous names of botainical origin were described, but it was not recorded that San-Keun-Baik-Pi(桑根白皮) in old days is different from root bark of Morus sp. in this times. Sang-Baik-Pi has been a common designation since Ming dynasty (AD 1500). Collections of it were independent of seasons, it could effect perfectly over 10 years old. And its cork layer should be removed after collections, it was especially emphacised that root bark on ground was poisonous. The chiefly cured symptoms with Sang-Baik-Pi were constantly not different from the contents of 'Shin-Nong-Bon-Chau-Kyung'(神農本草經) in ancient times, but it has been developed since Ming dynasty. Its uses are widely extended to a surgical and dermatologic desease; rheumatis, beriberi and diabetes in this times. and its efficacies depend upon curing. Prescriptions on Sang-Baik-Pi that were prescribed in 'Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam' are there, 177 drugs combinated with it. Glycyrrhizae Radix is most frequently combinated with Sang-Baik-Pi(frequently 68%). It is proved that Armeniacae Semen, Platycodi Radix etc, in the order take strong effects on anti-tussive, anti-phlogistic, diuretic, anti-pyretic etc. It is expressed 34 times, frequently, that a dose is 3.75g, and it shows that a usual doses is 2-4g. As the above prescriptions are classified, the results is as follows, respiratory tract desease is most frequently in 69 prescriptions, the next gastrointestinal tract 13 times, diuretic 12 times, and antipyretic 11 times. Therefore, Sang-Baik-Pi contains a good remedial value chiefly of the effects upon the respiratory diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

Objective ; In order to study the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus(AS) aqua-acupuncture manufactured with water soluble fraction and ether soluble fraction on the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Methods ; The fractions of AS aqua-acupuncture were carried out on corresponding bilateral loci of Bisu(BL20) everyday for 4 weeks. The experimental animals were divided into control group and AS groups(AS water fraction group and AS ether fraction group). Thereafter the levels of serum glucose, total choleterol, HDL, triglyceride, AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, urinary albumin excretion, index of kidney hypertrophy, heart rate, mean blood pressure and fibronectin in glomeruli and tubular cells were measured. Results ; The increased serum total cholestrol, triglyceride levels, HDL and urinary albumin excretion, the index of kidney hypertrophy, the mean blood pressure and the amount of fibronectin in glomeruli and tubular cells were significantly decreased in the AS groups, showing more significant decrease in the AS water fraction group as compared with the control group. In the serum ALT, AST, creatinine and BUN levels, there were no significant changes in the AS groups as compared with the control group. Conclusion ; According to the above results, it reveals that Acanthopanax senticosus water soluble and ether soluble fraction have the antidiabetic effect, the antilipidemic effect and the inhibitory effect of renal damage. Also, the results showed that Acanthopanax senticosus water soluble fraction is more effective than ether soluble fraction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E4
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• pp.203-213
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• 2002

Receptor modeling is one of statistical methods to achieve reasonable air pollution strategies. In order to maintain and manage ambient air quality, it is necessary to identify sources and to apportion its sources for ambient particulate matters. The main purpose of the study was to survey seasonal trends of inorganic elements in the coarse and fine particles. Second, this study has attempted emission sources qualitatively by a receptor method, the PMF mo-del. After that. both PMF (positive matrix factorization) model and TTFA (target transformation factor analysis) model were applied to compare and to estimate mass contribution of coarse and fine particle sources at the receptor. A total of 138 sets of samples was collected from 1989 to 1996 by a low volume cascade impactor with 9 size fraction stages at Kyung Hee University in Korea. Sixteen chemical species (Si, Ca, Fe, K, Pb, Na, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ni, V, Mn, Cr, Br, Cu. Co) were characterized by XRF. The study result showed that the weighted arithmetic mean of coarse and fine particles were 51.3 and 54.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. Contribution of both particle fractions were esti-mated using TTFA and PMF models. The number of estimated sources was seven according to TTFA model and 8 according to PMF model. Comparison of TTFA and PMF revealed that both methodologies exhibited similar trends in their contribution pattern. However, large differences between contributions were observed in some sour-ces. The results of this study may help to suggest control strategies in local countries where known source profiles do not exist.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2001

Purpose: The prognosis of operated early gastric cancer is quite excellent and the 5-year survival rate shows to be over $90\%$. The less extensive treatment has been considered to be attractive. However, lymph node metastasis remains a main risk factor for recurrence of early gastric cancer. The author performed this study in order to determine which clinicopathologic factors of early gastric cancer influence lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 222 patients with early gastric cancer who had been treated by gastrectomy combined with D2 or more extended lymph node dissection between January 1991 and December 1997 at the Department of Surgery, Kyunghee University Hospital. Results: Lymph node metastasis was observed in 26 patients ($11.7\%$), and the depth of tumor invasion and tumor size among clinicopathologic factors affected lymph node metastasis. The 5-year recurrence rate was $4.4\%$, and it was revealed that lymph node metastasis and depth of tumor invasion had a greater effect on recurrence than other clinicopathologic factors. Conclusion: The high risk factors of early gastric cancer in recurrence were submucosal tumor invasion, tumor size more than 2 cm, and lymph node metastasis. Patients of early gastric cancer with such high risk factors should undergo radical gastric resection than limited surgery. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2001;1:119-123)

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

목적 : 본 연구는 봉독 약침액이 BV2 microglial cell에서 LPS로 유발된 염증반응에 대한 억제효과를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법 : 봉독 약침액의 항염증작용을 관찰하기 위하여 BV2 microglial cell에 봉독약침액을 1시간전에 농도별$(0.1,\;1,\;100\;{\mu}g/ml)$로 전처치한 후 LPS $(5\;{\mu}g/ml)$로 24시간 동안 처리하여 RT-PCR, western blot, $PGE_2$, assay, NO synthesis assay등의 방법으로 관찰하였다. 결과 : LPS 염증유발에 의해서 BV2 microglial cell에서 COX-2 및 NOS 발현이 증가하였고, 이 러한 증가는 prostaglandin E2 및 NO 합성을 증가시켰다. 이에 반하여 봉독약침액으로 전처치한 군에서는 COX-2 및 NOS 발현을 억제시켜 결과적으로 prostaglandin 합성 및 NO 합성을 억제시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 LPS 염증유발에 의해서 활성화된 NF-kB의 발현을 억제 시켰다. 결론 : 봉독약침 액은 LPS 염증유발에 의해서 증가된 prostaglandin E2 및 NO 합성을 억제시킴으로써 여러 가지 염종질환의 치료에 유효한 효과가 있을 것으로 사려 된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the comparison between the subjective and the objective evaluation of pain control effect in masticatory muscle pain depending on time and dose change. Methods: The patients were recruited to this study and diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Experimental group were divided into three groups; saline injection group (n=10), morphine 1.5 mg injection group (n=10), and morphine 3.0 mg injection group (n=10). Evaluation list was the subjective pain evaluation (visual analogue scale, McGill pain questionnaire) and the objective pain evaluation (pressure pain threshold [PPT], pressure pain tolerance [PTO]). The subjective and the objective pain evaluation were performed at the times of just before injection, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after injection. Then, data were statistically analyzed. Results: The results were as follows: 1) There is no statistically significant difference between the results of the subjective and the objective pain evaluation with regard to the short-term (within 1 hour) analgesic effect of morphine sulfate. 2) However, after 1 hour of injection, while the subjective pain evaluation score still decreased, the objective pain evaluation didn't show significant changes in PPT and PTO (1 hour, p<0.05; 24 hours, p<0.01; 48 hours, p<0.001). 3) In comparison to changes in the dose, the McGill pain questionnaire was the most statistically effective method among the subjective pain evaluations (1.5 mg, p<0.05; 3 mg, p<0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, it was revealed that the subjective pain evaluation was more effective to evaluate long-term pain control, and that the McGill pain questionnaire could be an effective way to evaluate pain control depending on dose changes. It requires further investigations with time and dose extension.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 1997

Pseudomonas sp. S-47 is capable of transforming 4-chlorobenzoate to 4-chlorocatechol which is subsequently oxidized bty meta-cleavage dioxygenase to prodyce 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) produced by Pseudomonas sp. S-47 was purified and characterized in this study. The C23O enzyme was maximally produced in the late logarithmic growth phase, and the temperature and pH for maximunm enzyme activity were $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively. The enzyme was purified and concentrated 5 fold from the crude cell extracts through Q Sepharose chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration after acetone precipitation. The enzyme was identified as consisting of 35 kDa subunits when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The C23O produced by Pseudomonas sp. S-47 was similar to Xy1E of Pseudomonas putida with respect to substrate specificity for several catecholic compounds.