• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.2-9
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• 2004

This study has examined the metallurgical microstructures and alloy compositions of 3 bronze artifacts, a vessel, a spoon and a chopstick, manufactured in the Koryo Dynasty. The results show that they were made from Cu-Sn alloys whose Sn content ranges from 22 to 24% by weight. It is of significant importance to find that they were all given special thermo-mechanical treatments during their manufacturing. It has been found that the Koryo bronze workers were well aware of the mechanical properties of ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$ and ${\delta}$ phases that appear in the Cu-Sn alloys. Knowing how to promote or suppress the formation of each phase, they were able to find proper alloy compositions and temperatures for the high Sn alloys to be successfully forged. The present study will detail the Koryo bronze technology as estimated from the microstructures of the 3 bronze artifacts. The results of the reproduction experiments with Cu-24%Sn will also be presented to explain how the microstructures develop and to estimate the mechanical properties of each phase.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 1992

Metallurgical studies of the bronze artifacts excavated from Miruksa Temple were performed by chemical analysis and metallographic observation. Alloy systems of the bronze artifacts were classified into two groups of Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Pb, according to the items. The contents of impurities such as Sb, As, Ni and Fe in bronze artifacts are within the limiting range of the mod ern standard bronze castings. Chemical compositions of the kitchen utensils such as bronze vessels and dishes in the Unified Silla dynasty, are in the follow ing range, Cu : 74.8-79.4% and Sn : 18.6-21.1%. Chemical composition of the Buddha-image in Koryo dynasty are 820Cu-7.0Sn-10.3Pb, showing increased Pb content and decreased Sn content. The results of chemical analysis suggest that the chemical compositions were good controlled. Any casting defects such as voids and shrinkage holes are not found microscopically, indicating high casting skill. Zinc atoms are not contained in the all bronze artifacts of Miruksa Temple site. This is the common facts founded in the east asian bronze artifacts of Korea, China and Japan. It is comparable with the European bronze of Cu-Sn-Pb-Zn system, after the Middle Age.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권19호
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• pp.109-132
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• 1998

According to excavation of Imdang site, these sites were excavated place to a various of sites from Early lron period to the Koryo Kingdom. Artifacts to be conserved were excavated from A, D and E district. Metal artifacts were excavated from D and E district and lacquer ware artifacts were excavated from Adistrict. Metal artifacts including lacquer ware iron sword, imitative bronze mirror, Osujen and bronze artifact with letter and so on. Bronze artifacts were covered with soil and rust and performed consolidation after passivation treatment with Benzotriazole solution. Also, iron artifacts performed desalting treatment with 0.1M sesquicarbonate solution. After desalinization, adhesive of these artifacts were processed with Araldite(rapid type) after consolidation with20%∼30% NAD-10 solution. Lacquer ware artifacts remained fragments of lacquer to be all corroded and soiled. Therefore these artifacts retained its original form. Fragments of lacquer joined with Caparol 1%∼3% solution and the soil of relics coated with PSNY 3%∼6% solution. There were many kinds of lacquer were. Lacquer ware artifacts presumed to a string instrument that provide important clues for lacquer ware research. As for lacquer fragments inquire, paints grain size were $2∼5\mum$ and conformed to vanished three times.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 삼국, 고려, 조선시대의 금동유물 각 한 점과 제작시기를 알 수 없는 금동유물 한 점 그리고 고려의 금은유물 한 점을 선택하여 도금층과 바탕금속 간에 일어나는 금속원소의 확산현상을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 대부분의 유물에서 확산에 관한 직간접적인 증거가 확인되었으며, 특히 조선시대의 금동장식에 대한 분석결과로부터는 이러한 확산현상이 도금공정에 의도적으로 활용되었을 가능성이 제기되었다. 확산이 일어난 금동유물의 도금층에서는 표면에서 내부로 갈수록 점차 금함량이 감소하면서 구리함량이 증가하였으며 이로 말미암아 도금층과 바탕금속 간의 경계가 불분명해지는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 점진적 조성변화는 열에 의한 확산에 기인하는 것으로, 도금층 전체에 산소함량이 매우 낮은 점으로 보아 이것이 매장도중 부식에 의하여 초래되었을 가능성은 매우 낮다. 확산정도에 따라 금동유물의 표면색조에는 차이가 발생하게 되는데, 확산에 의한 색조변화는 표면의 미소형태나 화학조성 면에서 부식에 의한 것과 분명하게 구별되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 금은유물에서는 금은의 확산과 더불어 도금층의 수은도 바탕금속으로 이동하는 현상이 확인되었다.