• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

The upscale Korean restaurants that appeared as a way for the globalization of Korean food by introducing Western modern elements into Korean traditional elements are presenting a new direction. For this study, the researcher visited a total of ten modernized upscale Korean restaurants including five ones in each of Seoul (Dadam, Bistro Seoul, Bicena, Today, and Poom Seoul) and New York (Gaonnuri, Danji, Ban, Jung Restaurant, Korea Spoon), where the globalization of Korean food is concentrated, and the results of comparing, investigating, and analyzing the characteristics of interior and spatial design through observation, photo taking, sketches and preparing a questionnaire were as follows. First, a modernized upscale Korean restaurant was first built in New York in 2011, and then also appeared in Seoul in 2012. The Korean restaurants in New York were mostly operated by individual person, while the Korean restaurants in Seoul were operated by large corporation. Second, the spatial configuration elements were classified into the reception, garden and rooms in Seoul and into the reception, bar hall and rooms in New York depending on the function of the interior space, showing differences in the spatial configuration elements of the garden and bar. There was a difference in spatial layout; the restaurants in Seoul were room-centered, while the ones in New York were hall-centered. Third, in terms of spatial design elements, the size of the space and furniture in the reception space of the Korean restaurants in New York were smaller as compare to those in Seoul, while the restaurants in New York represented Korean atmosphere by decorating many Korean traditional elements. The Korean restaurants in New York gave consistency to the design of the hall space as compared to the restaurants in Seoul by decorating interior decorative accessories associated with the restaurant name. The Korean restaurants in Seoul decorated room space by using more traditional elements as compared to the restaurants in New York. Fourth, in terms of food design elements, the restaurants in Seoul are characterized by the introduction of Western services and table setting, while the restaurants in New York sought originality that applied foreign ways as compared to the restaurants in Seoul. The results of this study can be used as useful basic data when setting the interior spatial design guidelines for the modernized upscale Korean restaurants that advance into the world beyond Seoul and New York, and it is expected that in-depth follow-up studies would be conducted in various cities beyond Seoul and New York where there are modernized upscale Korean restaurants based on the results of this study.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.334-365
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• 2010

Mother-of-Pearl craftwork sketch involves the whole process of making a piece of work. Therefore, it includes types, forms, sizes, and patterns of the work. Some information about when and by whom those works were manufactured and who ordered them are still found in some sketches. This paper seeks to find out popular types and patterns of the works in each period and its demand and the way of supply by examining the collection of approximately 1700 Mother-of-Pearl craftwork sketches from the period of Japanese colonization up to the present time, which are owned by Mr. Song Bang-wung, Important Intangible Cultural Heritage no.10. Typical patterns of sketches are the hua-jo(花鳥 : Flowers and Birds), the Sakunja(四君子 : Four Gracious Plants), cultural treasures, figures in folk tales, 'Su-bok(壽福)' characters, and landscape. The pattern sketches have changed according to the circumstances of Korean society. During the period of Japanese colonization from the 1920s to the 1940s the manufacture and the supply and demand of Mother-of-Pearl craftworks were controled by the Japanese government. As a result, many of the patterns were adjusted to the Japanese taste. Most of its customers were also Japanese. During the 1950s after Independence the American Military Forces appeared as new customers due to the Korean War. Thus, the traditional Korean patterns to decorate accessories adored by American soldiers gained popularity. Foreign Mother-of-Perls were imported from the late 1960s to the 1970s. They were bigger and more colorful than those of Korean and it enabled the sketches bigger and the patterns more various. The most popular pattern in this period was the pattern of cultural treasures, such as an image of Buddha, metalcraft works, porcelains and pagodas. In terms of a technique, new techniques, such as engraving and rusting were introduced. There was a great demand for Mother-of-Pearl craftworks in the 1970s as people were highly interested in them. They were entirely made to order and there was a large demand from diverse organizations, furniture dealers and individuals. And the Mother-of-Pearl craftwork was in full flourish in the 1970s due to the country's economic development and the growth of national income. Mass production of the works was possible and the professional designers who drew patterns actively worked in this period. The favor of Mother-of-Pearl craftworks declined in the 1980s since the built-in furniture and the Western style of furniture became prevalent due to the change of housing into apartments. But it seemed that the manufacture of Mother-of-Pearl craftworks revived for once the technique of Kunum-jil(끊음질 : cutting and attaching) became popular in Tong-young(統營). After the 1990s, however, the making of Mother-of-Pearl craftworks gradually declined as the need of them decreased. Now it barely maintains its existence by a few artisans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.2 s.92
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• pp.18-32
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out the origin of perpetuity in the fashion design of Soma Delaunay, who was recognized as a unique designer in the 20th century. Her characteristics of fashion design appeared as dynamism in the incline of op-art using geometric pattern designed on the basis of abstract painting, color contrast between strong original colors, and repeated geometric patterns. The modern image can be explained as modernity in modern fashion and is continued in these days. The origins of modernity analyzed as follows. First, Soma Delaunay developed textile design, considering the use of clothing on the basis of scientific idea. Furthermore, she evolved traditional textile design and making process into a practical and rational way through developing new needlework technique. Second, she tried a new style through a straight silhouette in contrast to Art Nouveau style and the test and mixture of different genres. Third, she expressed the simultaneity of Orphism through the parallel structure of various colors. In particular, she used the contrast of strong and clear original colors to express a rhythm of dynamism and give visual interest through color. Finally, Soma Delaunay attempted to approach the public using clothing, furniture, and curtains with the focus on textiles. It may represent her intention to remove a gap between art and life by understanding the public and their life. As examined above, it can be sad that Soma Delaunay's scientific idea with the flow of industrialization, an open attitude not bound by a rule as an artist, an idea of Avant-garde, the comprehension of various colors and the understanding of the public. These factors lie at the bottom of her fashion design.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.159-174
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• 2017

The study uses lists of wedding gifts used from old Korean documents written in Hangeul in the western Gyungnam province during the 20th century. The study analyzed four lists of wedding gifts from the Muncheongak archive and two lists from the archive of ancient document. This analysis found that clothing accounts for the majority of the items in the lists, and items such as furniture, jewelry, household goods, and medical materials were also recorded. That the furnishings were commonly prepared by the groom's side, and the fact that the number of jeogori was higher than the number of skirt, speaks to the unique wedding custom of Gyeongsang province. While the groom's list of wedding gifts included a record of the bride's ornaments, jewelry, and furnishings in the bride's list, the groom's nickel top-knot pin was only included as an ornament. In the list of wedding gifts between brothers, the gifts for the eldest son differed from those for the third son in terms of number and price. The list of wedding gifts between father and son illustrates how economic development and changing times wedding custom. The lists of wedding gifts in the old Korean documents shed light on the oral research into 20th century wedding custom, which will be used as basic data in researching and reproducting the wedding culture and life conditions of the time.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2010

The importance of communication which is oriented to interaction, fusion and connection is more increased in the post-information society. The information environment is already realized as interface to reach immediately and freely to the databased information and knowledge. The contemporary libraries execute very important roles as an intellectual infra of modern times to deliver the great human achievement and create new culture. In the mean time, the rapid information-oriented society and the development of digital technology bring out big change in the traditional dispatch and receipt method of information. For this reason, libraries as the community space of visitors integrates physical space - electronic space and reconstructs new temporary culture and value to build the new interface that connects human to human, human to space and human to information. On the premise of these awareness, this study analysis the creative interface factor of Tama Art University New Libraries in Ito Toyo in order to research the function and the application method of modern libraries. And the results are follows. 1)We can make sure the significance of communication and the integration consciousness between digital technology and analogue sensitivity that is the characteristic of the post-information society. 2)We can classify for the creative interface factors by the character as space factor(Arcade, Gallery, Lounge, AV Booth, Cafe), facility/equipment factor(Laboratory, Media, Bar, Info Shelf, Media Seat) and furniture factor(Carrel, Desk, Mag Table, XI Shelf). 3)We can see that these interface factors change the stream of library users and that the library is constructed for library users to create and discovery something easily from books and modern technologies. And we can realize also that these factors are creative installation to lead out naturally the latent liberty sense of users.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development and characteristics of movable-housing planning concept. A document research method was used to analyze and classified the development of the movable-housing concept of 20th century. Through this study, the following conclusions have been reached; First, the origin of the movable-housing is from the prehistoric and traditional portable buildings, also due to the emergence of nomadic lifestyle using car traveling and mobile home in the 1920's. Second, the development of the movable-housing in 20th century was classified as follows; (1) In order to obtain the productivity and efficiency drawing from the industrialized-housing in the early of 1900s, movable furniture and flexibility was proposed. (2) American mobile home in 1920's, influenced by the development of car industry, was the most successful example of a factory-built building to be found in the world. (3) Dymaxion house and dome by R.B.Fuller, an aggregation of high-tech mechanical equipment, had a great impact on the development the concept of 'mobility' and influenced Archigram & Metabolist's movable capsule ideas in 1960's. (4) The lightweight materials such as plastic, duralumin and pneumatic structure were adopted for movable-housing in 1960's. Through this research, It is discovered that the stage of social development has close links with the developing aspects of movable-housing concepts. This study shows that the combination of three planning concepts such as flexible housing, mobile-housing and capsule will be more ideal in movable-housing planning rather than relying on just one type.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1973

This article has an aim to study what kind of housing system our ancestors lived with during the Yi-Dynasty by analyzing the house-plan of upper-class society of that period since the house of lower-class was very insignificant as it has always been while the house of upper-class represented the period. With this study we can clearly see how we ought to go in the right direction toward the development of our Korean genuine housing by renovating and renewing those unreasonable points in our traditional housing system. It is firmly believed that we should-keep our own unique traditional lovely housing system for being destroyed by the whirl-wind of modernization and the demand of rationalism and efficiency-centered idea of the western mind. From this view point we think it is very urgent to see this matter correctly and find out the real way how we should do in order to keep our own good things for ourselves and make them preserved. This essay is divided into three parts as follows : 1. Thoughts on selecting the good housing area. 2. The aspect of housing reflected upon composing the house-plan. 3. The characteristic sentiments reflected upon the interior construction and decoration. We can find several characteristic points in the housing system of the Yi-Dynasty as follows : 1. In Korea, the thought of natural geography (Poongsu-seul), apart fro scientific view, which seems rather superstitious to us, modern young people, has been highly recommended by the people of our country from old days connected with the prosperity of our life. They also neglected about the social circumstances such as, market, transportation, and education, which are now considered as very important. They only put their concern on this natural environment which they called Poongsu. 2. In construction of house-plan, the house was not built for living with reasonable convenience, but for showing prestige of the upper-class people reflecting its social organization under the feudalism of the period. Furthermore, the most of the housework was done actually by those servants and maids of the house, and not the family themselves. The only concern for the upper-class people was to show off their authority, and so this sense of authority was revealed in the housing as well. 3. Both the outside appearance of the house and the interior decoration or the furniture are all very artistic and lovely. They were so refined and beautiful with their delicate taste which truly seem against our modern rationalism and uniformity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2019

This study was conducted for the purpose of examining the Outstanding Universal Value, World Heritage Values, in Suzhou classical gardens and the operational method of the protection management of historic gardens, and the results of the study are as follows; The first, as a world heritage, Suzhou gardens proved OUV by showing the taste and lifestyle of the literati, the unique class of Chinese history, to the natural environment of the East Yangtze Delta region. In addition, it showed the exchange of international culture with unique Chinese garden techniques. Second, a authentic reconstruction of garden have original value because it exist records of the near past. The 20th-century archives described by the contemporary language and describing the heritage through images using such media as photography and drawing played a decisive role in restoring gardens. Third, the protection management of Suzhou gardens, which began in the 1950s, was carried out in detail, including the reconstruction of components such as buildings, the restoration of plant materials and horticulture technique, the creation of a list through the records of trees, the maintenance of props such as plaque, furniture, and the project to improve water quality and restore waterscape. The last, after the World Heritage inscribing, Garden's protection management was proceeded in two directions. One is that through the reorganization of the administrative management system and the enactment of laws related to Suzhou classical Gardens, the listing heritage is strictly protected and managed, and the other is that the historical gardens are used to establish urban masterplan and urban identity in Suzhou. The range of garden properties greatly expanded by distinguishing the principle of conservation from protection to rational use and the grade of protection, such as whole protection, maintenance protection and protection of historical sites.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.220-237
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• 2021

This study carried out the conservation treatment for the mattress put on the bed, which is one of 4 items in National Folklore Cultural Heritage, the Red-lacquered Furniture with the inlaid mother-of-pearl design used by Empress Sunjeonghyo (presumed), after identifying the characteristics of the manufacturing techniques and the used materials. And the study intends to compare it with the mattress placed in the Daejojeong in the Changdeokgung Palace in order to identify the characteristics of mattresses domestically used during the 1920s and 1930s. From the analysis of the mattress presumably used by Empress Sunjeonghyo, it was identified that the mattress frame was made of pinaceous hemlock spruce while the webbing and twine in the structural parts were made of jute. The findings are as follows: the burlap had a filling material that was made of jute; the straw mat was made from Oryza; and, the rest of the filling material was cotton. Rayon was used for the top cover while cotton was used for the bottom. As a result of research on the materials and the inner structure, it was found that mattress was manufactured in the form of the upholstery style mainly found in chairs and day-beds in Western furniture. Based on analysis results, materials identical to the original were adopted during the conservation treatment. Next, the process of dismantling, cleaning, repair, reinforcement and assembling was conducted. During the dismantling process, the top cover was newly discovered and some letters (Yokohama, Kobe, and Joseon) were found in the burlap filling, but there was no trace which can clarify its maker or production place. dry cleaning was carried out on the structural parts, filling materials, and the cover, and then the repair and reinforcement were done, preserving the existing materials in the upholstery structure and using the same materials for conservation. The webbing in the structural parts was reinforced using materials identical to the original, and the twine was used for arranging and fixing the springs into wooden frames. For the damaged cotton cloth and burlap, reinforcement materials identical to the original were put over it and sown. For the damaged area of the top cover, reinforcement cloth was cut and then added inside and the damaged area was sown. Assembling was carried out in the reverse order of the dismantling. After the burlap identical to the original material was inserted into the areas in contact with the springs and then fastened, a filling pad, reinforcement cloth, a straw mat, cotton cloth, cotton felt, wide cotton cloth for protecting the cover, and the cover were layered and fastened with tacks. The two mattresses used by Empress Sunjeonghyo differed only by the period of production and followed the same Western upholstery style consisting of the frames, filling materials, and covers. During the conservation treatment process, a velvet cover was newly discovered and the traces of repair in the past were found. Furthermore, identifying straw mats, straw bags, and straws for filling material, this study confirmed changes in the materials used according to the production environment. In the future, it is expected to see changes in the conservation materials during the conservation treatment and manufacturing techniques used for chairs and sofas in the upholstery style belonging to the modern cultural artifacts.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of change in the composition of indoor spaces in Korean-style houses which have been repaired and improved extensively through the 'Bukchon Improvement Project' and are being utilized for public purposes. For this, we conducted a field survey through visiting the house sites from the 5th to the 26th of May, 2006. Conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. Bukchon Korean-style houses maintain centripetal space composition, in which the rooms surround the court. Centering on the court, the hierarchy of spaces is determined, and the hierarchy of spaces and the composition of internal layout are restructured centering on the court and the main hall without change in direction and position. The main hall is sometimes converted to a room, but it maintains an open space relation with other spaces centering on the court, and therefore, even after its use has been changed, it is still the most Korean-style space. In addition, with floor heating, the common sitting-style life is maintained continuously although the rooms have been converted and standing-style furniture is used. In this way, publicly promoted policies for Korean-style houses are allowed within the limit that the appearance is maintained and the internal spaces do not change the overall structure. However, in order to maintain the tradition of Korean-style houses and utilize them as various spaces, the following supplementations are necessary. First, the main hall and the inner court of a Koreanstyle house should be utilized actively. The court sometimes keeps individuals' privacy or expands the space by extending the view to outdoor spaces, and is sometimes used as an open space through interconnection between the inside and the outside of the house. Second, consideration should be given to vertical spaces. Horizontal expansion causes a change of floor plan. Thus, space should be secured using various cross-sectional changes, such as a kitchen and a loft over the kitchen. Third, structure should be changeable in order to adjust the size of spaces. Thus, through research on traditional windows, we need to develop changeable walls that can be installed and removed easily according to the use of spaces.