• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.594-598
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• 2017

정수 형태의 배열로 이루어진 데이터가 주식 시장과 같은 원본으로부터 셀 수 없을 정도로 매일 생성되고 있다. 정수 배열을 저장하는 데에 감마 코드, 델타 코드, 피보나치 코드 등을 포함한 범용 코드가 일반적으로 사용된다. 이 배열을 적은 공간을 차지하게 하면서 빠른 시간에 특정 원소에 접근하는 연산을 수행할 수 있게 하려는 시도가 진행되었다. 본 논문에서는 간결한 자료구조의 특성을 활용하여 부호화된 정수 배열에서의 임의 접근을 가능하도록 한 코드 시스템을 제시한다. 이는 코드 시스템에 사용되는 구획 문자 비트열을 압축하면서 질의 수행 시간을 상수 시간에 지원하는 자료구조를 통해 구현되었다. 실험 결과를 통해 범용 코드 시스템보다 더 적은 공간과 시간을 사용해 정수 배열을 표현할 수 있다는 것을 보인다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.85-117
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• 1997

This paper is focused on management control system. From a management control perspective, strategies should be viewed as useful, but not absolutely necessary, guides to the proper design of an MCS. When strategies are formulated more clearly, more control alternatives become feasible and it becomes easier to implement each form of management control effectively. The common and important category of controls are action controls, personnel and cultural controls, and results controls. Action controls involves ensuring that employees perform(or do not perform) certain actions that are known to be beneficial(or harmful) to the organization. Personnel and cultural controls take steps to ensure that employees will control each others' behaviors. Results controls involve rewarding individuals(and sometimes groups of individuals) for generating good outcomes or punishing them for poor outcomes. The results controls of ROI-type measure cause to make managers excessively short- term oriented, or myopic. When managers' orientations to the short - term become excessive -when the management are more concerned with short-term profit than entity value-the managers are said to be myopic. We car, solve myopic problem by introducing AR(abnormal return), near-perfect indicators of value creation. The results - control ideal would be to hold all employees accountable for the wealth they individually create(or destroy) for the owners of the entities in which they work. This ideal is approachable for top management of publicly traded corporations because for these organizations, the wealth created(returns to shareholders) can be measured directly for any period(such as a year, a quarter, or a month) as the measurement period pin(or minus) the change in the market value of the stock.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2018

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the strategies for managing firms' business activities but may have heterogeneity depending on ownership structures. This study investigates the association between group-affiliation and CSR activities. Drawing on a theory from the prior research, this study predicts that group-affiliated firms are less likely to invest on CSR activities. For instance, prior research finds that controlling shareholders expropriate the values of minority shareholders. As one of the motivations of investing on CSR activities is the harmonization among the stakeholders, it leads to the prediction that firms controlled by large shareholders are less likely to engage in CSR activities. Second, group-affiliated firms under poor financial performance benefit from other group members through sharing their financial resources. Thus, there is less incentive for managers of group-affiliated firms to increase their financial performance by conducting CSR. By leveraging firms listed in Korean stock market and CSR score from Korea Economic Justice Institute, the result shows that the group-affiliation is negatively related to CSR activities. The result is consistent in case of applying propensity score-matched sample. Based on the findings of this study, this paper contributes to the related literature by showing the significant association between group-affiliation and CSR decisions.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various Republic of Korea policies, including the medicine cost rationalization policy implemented By investigating the management strategy/performance changes of the industry caused by such policies. Methods : Pharmaceutical companies listed on the national stock exchange and the KOSDAQ were examined for 10 years from 2004 to 2013. Their financial statements were collected and market changes before and after drug price policy implementations were compared. Results : From the result of this research, among the medicine related policies, the drug price rationalization policy was found to have a significant effect on business management strategies in terms of safety, profitability and growth potential after its implementation. After the drug pricing transparency policy was implemented, management strategies were affected significantly in terms of safety and profitability. Conclusions : As a result, all of the medicine related policies were found to have regulatory effects. Based on these findings, implications, research limitations and future study plans are presented.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.99-128
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• 1998

The increasing importance of IT rose to the top of list of marketing managers' key concerns and IT has been used widely in performing various marketing activities and decisions. However, little was known about how to employ IT in various marketing activities and how to use IT as a strategic marketing means. Also, comprehensive empirical studies have rarely been conducted. This study examines the effectiveness of integrative use of marketing and IT. More specifically, this study attempts to identify the factors that influence the effectiveness of marketing information systems. The manufacturing firms listed in the Korean Stock Market were surveyed. the major findings of this study are as follows. First, the variables of organizational characteristics such as formalization of decision making cooperation between marketing function and IS function, and degree of decentralization were significantly related to the success of marketing information systems. The variables of user highly associated with the success of marketing information systems. Second, it was also found that the support capability of marketing information systems is the major factor of the effectiveness of marketing information systems. Third, the variables marketing function and IS function, and ratio of export sales to total sales were three variables such as marketing knowledge of marketing managers, cooperation were the main factors to affect the users' satisfaction with the information system. These results imply that, in order to increase the effectiveness of marketing information systems, a firm should enhance a cooperation between marketing function and IS function, diversify the support capability of IS, and strengthen the computer mind and computer knowledge of end-uses.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.19-44
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• 2015

This paper examines the effect of the global financial crisis on corporate investment in Korea. Specifically, the crisis was considered to have possibly constrained firm-level investment as the negative shock to the credit supply dramatically unfolded. As Duchin et al. (2010) demonstrated, if a negative supply-side shock is evident during a crisis period, larger cash holdings before the crisis will lead to fewer constraints to corporate investment, or vice versa. In order to investigate the supply-side effect of the crisis, we use firm-level financial data, including firms listed on the Korean stock market as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. We find that corporate investment declined significantly after the crisis, even if we control for factors associated with the demand side, such as contemporaneous capital productivity and cash flow. More importantly, the decline is positively and significantly related to cash holdings before the crisis, implying the negative effect of a credit supply shock. Small and medium enterprises experienced relatively sharp investment declines compared to those of larger firms, and the relationship between pre-crisis cash amounts and the degree of investment decline is greater than that in large firms. Additionally, we examine whether the negative effect persists up to the present, finding evidence that the cash-investment relationship continues in small and medium-sized enterprises.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.35-54
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• 2020

Purpose - It seems common sense that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a key driver of business sustainability. Nevertheless, there has been little research on the performance of socially responsible activities, including economic and environmentally responsibility activities, in internationally diversified firms. Design/methodology - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CSR activities on management performance. For this evaluation, an empirical analysis was conducted with total of 2,520 cases, selected from companies listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index market for six years from 2013 to 2018. As proxies for management performance, financial data such as a total asset net profit ratio and a total asset operating ratio were used. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to test hypotheses. Findings - The results of this analysis indicated that firms in the CSR outstanding group were ranked significantly higher than other groups in management performance. In addition, CSR activities of internationally diversified firms positively influenced the total asset net profit ratio and total asset operating ratio. Originality/value - The results suggest that the CSR activities of these firms can play a significant role in enhancing management performance in the economic status of Korea, where the degree of export dependency is high.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2021

본 연구는 1990년도부터 2019년까지 거래소에 상장된 기업들을 대상으로 발생액 추정모형의 설명력 변화를 분석하였다. 기존의 발생액 추정모형에 사용된 재무적 변수들이 특성이 시간이 지남에 따라 변화하거나, 전체 발생액 중에서 재량적 발생액의 비중이 변화하면 모형의 설명력에도 변화가 있을 것으로 기대하고 이를 가설화하여 분석하였다. 회귀 분석결과 수정 Jones 모형(1995)은 시간의 경과에 따라 그 설명력이 점차 낮아짐을 발견하였다. 이는 발생액 자체의 증가와 모형에 포함된 변수들의 분포가 변화함에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구의 시계열적 분석 결과는 이익조정 연구 등 학술적인 면이나 회계 정보를 이용하는 이용자에게 중요한 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Purpose: This study used ESG grade, but defined AESG, adjusted to the size of a company and examines whether it can be used as an investment strategy. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis sample in this study is a company that has given an ESG rating among companies listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. We examine the results through portfolio analysis and Fama-macbeth regression analysis. Results: As result of examining the long-only performance and the long-short performance by constructing quintile portfolios, it was observed that a significant positive return was shown. It was observed that there was an alpha that could not be explained in asset pricing models. Also, AESG had a return prediction effect in the result of a Fama-Macbeth regression that controlled corporate characteristic variables in individual stocks. Next, we confirmed AESG's usage through various portfolio composition. In the portfolio optimization, the Risk Efficient method was the most superior in terms of sharpe ratio and the construct multi-factor model with Value, Momentum and Low Vol showed statistically significant performance improvement. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that it can be helpful in ESG investment to reflect the ESG rating of relatively small companies more through the scale adjustment of the ESG rating (i.e.AESG).

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2023

Background: Recent research on occupational injuries in companies has faced difficulties in obtaining representative data, leading to studies relying on surveys or case studies. Moreover, it is difficult to find studies on how a company's industry characteristics affect occupational injuries. This study aims to address these limitations. Methods: We collected 11 years of disclosure data from 1,247 listed companies in the Korean stock market and combined it with their occupational injury histories collected by the Republic of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) to build a dataset. We attempted to analyze a linear panel model by dividing the dataset into manufacturing, construction, and other industries. Results: The higher proportion of full-time employees and better job skills correlate with lower occupational injuries in other industries. The wage increase reduces occupational injuries in manufacturing and other industries, but the substitution effect produces the opposite outcome in construction. Also, foreign ownership and credit ratings increase effectively reduce occupational injuries mainly in the manufacturing industry. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in explaining the relationship between corporate characteristics and occupational injuries, it is necessary to consider the nature of the industry more closely, and in particular, employment and labor policies for preventing occupational injuries need to be selectively applied according to industry. In addition, to improve the limitations and increase the usability of the research results, further detailed studies are needed in the future.