• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

Background and Objectives：Supraglottic partial laryngectomy is oncologically sound surgical procedure for selected cases of laryngeal cancer which maintains physiologic speech and swallowing without permanent tracheostoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oncologic and functional results of supraglottic partial laryngectomy and neck dissection for supraglottic cancer. Materials and Methods：Between 1991-2005, Twenty-three supraglottic cancer patients, underwent supraglottic partial laryngectomy, were studied retrospectively. There were 5 patients with cT1, 14 with cT2, 4 with cT3 and 11 patients with cN0, 1 with cN1, 10 with cN2, 1 with cN3. All patients underwent neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy was added to twenty patients. They were reviewed with respect to primary subsites, extended subsites, treatment result, survival rate, factors affecting the prognosis, postoperative complication, time of decannulation and oral diet, and postoperative voice. Results：Among eleven patients with clinically negative node, six patients had pathologically positive nodes. So occult metastasis was 54.5%. Two patients recurred at cervical lymph node and one had distant metastasis to lung. Local and regional control were 100% and 91.3%. The overall 3-year and 5-year survival rate were 84%, 78%, respectively. Nineteen cases were squamous cell carcinomas and four were basaloid squamous cell carcinomas. Basaloid subtype was significantly affected to survival. Decannulation and oral feeding were possible in 100%. Conclusions：Supraglottic partial laryngectomy is oncologically safe and functionally good procedure in supraglottic cancers. Elective neck dissection is beneficial in management of occult cervical metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.5-14
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• 1999

The aim of treatment of cleft lip and palate is to correct the cleft and associated problems surgically and thus hide the anomaly so that patients can lead normal lives. This correction involves surgically producing a face that does not attract attention, a vocal apparatus that permits intelligible speech, and a dentition that allows optimal function and esthetics. In neonatal periods, gross distortion of tissues surrounding the cleft requires considerable effort and time due to post operative functional defect and scarring and induces milk feeding problem, malocclusion of deciduous or permanent dentition, congenital missing teeth, skeletal dysplasia. The occurrence of a cleft deformity is a source of considerable shock to the parents of an afflicted baby, and the most appropriate approach is very important things. Thus we tried to analysis of dental arch, shape and size of deformity in cleft patients. The results were obtained as follows. 1. When the cast measurements of UCLP subjects at first visit it was found that the mean length was 9.29mm at the alveolar cleft width, also that was 11.7mm at the anterior width and 14mm at the posterior cleft width. 2. Comparison of UCLP group at first visit and just lip surgery, it was found that the older group showed a insignificant reduction in the width of the cleft in the alveolar, canine, and tuberosity regions. 3. The maxillary casts of the UCLP group at 6 months differ Significantly from those of the at 3 months in both length and width. but there was no statistical difference except anterior ridge length of nonclefted site. 4. Comparison at 6 months and 18 months, there was a greater change in length of the alveolar cleft width, intercanine width, and anterior cleft width. Maxillary arch became wider at both the canine region and intertuberosity region. also posterior anteroposterior length was increased but anterior AP length was decreased from 8.1mm to 7.7mm. There was meaningful increase at intertuberosity length; however, a significant reduction in width t-t'

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-18
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• 1999

The aim of this study is the development of a fee - based model day care center for the elderly by inquiring into the current condition of facilities in America and in Korea, and in surveying the opinion of domestic elderly about day care facilities. A field trip to U.S. day care services was held between July 5 and July 15 in 1997, and an on-the-spot study for domestic facilities took place during March in 1998. Our research reveals that the overall supply of day care facilities can not meet future demand in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore a model must be created for day care centers of a that consists of a director from a professional group. an adequate environment, and a standardized in order to offer a qualified public health service linked to the home and community in Korea. The director of a day care center is a critical variable in determining the quality of service. Professional skills related to the needs of the elderly and the person's quality of service should be considered in appointing director for the center. This study belleves that a professional nurse should be the director of a day care center. The operating environment of a day care facility should be made up of considerable space comparable to the number of residents, should be in a comfortable and safe location, and should have equipment that provides a qualified, safe service to the elderly. Our model is designed for 20 persons and allocates 4 Peng per person. This model is comprised of a reading room. a craft room, a health room, a room for physical therapy, a dining room, a staff office, and a multi -purpose room connected to other rooms. Day care service should be a comprehensive service program meeting the multidimensional needs of the elderly. A comprehensive service program needs a team of various professionals made up of the elderly family, participants, nurses, social workers, physical therapists, nutritionists, and medical doctors. The program will also include health care service, physical therapy, speech therapy. diet, occupational therapy, transportation service, health and an education program, etc. In conclusion, a model of a day care center is developed with the following components: a professional director and an environment and program, that considers the physical, mental, and social characteristics of the elderly. A model should also motivate self-reliance self-fulfillment in the elderly in order to fulfill their health needs and to prevent isolation from society and mental depression. Furthermore, This facility will be a beneficial factor in reducing a family's burden on caring for the elderly that includes unnecessary hospital expenses. The following is a suggestion based on results this study: A service program should be developed to fit the conditions of the elderly in Korea by specifically analyzing the needs of the elderly.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 2013

Purposes of this study were to explore the process of experience that science teachers go through when participating in peer coaching meetings to improve teaching ability and to find out factors that affect each process of experience. The data were collected through recording of peer coaching meetings, videotapes of science class, and interviews. All the data were analyzed after transcription. The results of the study showed that even though Teacher K broke the ice and formed consensus among the peers by developing Content Representation (CoRe) at the beginning of the meetings, he became self-defensive rather than receptive of peers' opinions on the recorded class at the discussion session. But as the peer coaching went on, he realized that peer coaching was not about evaluation but rather on improving his teaching ability. In turn, he was able to look at his teaching in a more objective point of view and accepted suggestions from peer coaching discussion. The self-reflection of Teacher K acted as the key factor in the efforts to improve his teaching ability. He sought the concrete alternatives through the class analysis with fellow teachers and showed major changes in his teaching practice from the language habits, pronunciation, and speed of his speech to the interaction with students and class design. However, there was little change in knowledge of curriculum and assessment due to his strong orientation to improve students' grades as an academic high school teacher. Likewise, it was found that while peer coaching exert a strong influence on instructional methods and strategies of Teacher K, his strong orientation to improve students' grades hinders a balanced development of subcomponents of PCK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : Vowels and resonant including nasals and liquid are produced with vocal folds vibration have been used for voice therapy of hyperadduction patients. This study was conducted to investigate phonatory characteristics of vowels and resonant consonants through the EGG measures from Lx. Speech studio (Laryngograph Ltd, UK). Materials and Method : 7 male adults produced sustained vowel /a/, /i/, /u/, nasals /m/, /n/, /${\eta}$/and liquid /I/ and read the sentences (1nasals-liquid sentence, 1 non-nasals-liquid sentence) and tongue-tip trill and humming. Fx(Hz), Ox(%) were obtained of vowels, nasals, liquid and each of the posterior vowel /a/ of /ma/, /na/, /la/, /ha/ with same F0(around F#165Hz) and amplitude (75${\pm}$5db). And also DFx(Hz), DQx(%), CFx(%) and CAx(%) were obtained from reading two kinds of sentences. Results : Qx(%) was the highest in /u/ of vowels, and nasal/n/ of the resonant consonants and nasals-liquid sentence was higher Qx than non-nasals-liquid sentence but significant differences were not found. Qx(%) of the posterior vowel /a/ of nasal consonants/n/ was higher than in the isolated vowel/a/ and other posterior vowel of resonant consonants and fricatives /h/. Regularity or periodicity and higher Qx were observed in the nasals-liquid sentence than non-nasals-liquid sentence in graphs of QxFx & CFx produced by Quantiative analysis. In the nasalance score, /u/vowel was significant higher among the vowels and /I/ liquid was significant lower among the resonant consonants and nasals-liquid sentence is higher than non-nasals -liquid sentence. CQ(%) was not significantly correlated with nasalance(%). Conclusion : These findings might signify resonant phonation was not correlated with nasalance.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.293-322
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• 2005

The culpability of a person, as determined by due process of law, for any of his actions that are defined as criminal. Determination of such responsibility is a legal function, not a psychiatric one, although a psychiatrist may be called upon to present evidence to the court in order to aid the judge or jury in reaching a decision as to responsibility. Determination of responsibility varies with the laws of the state in which the accused is being tried, but in general all states base their laws on three famous judicial decisions concerning criminal responsibility. 1. the M'Naghten(McNaughton) rule(a. to establish such a defense the accused, at the time the act was committed, must be shown to have been laboring under such defect of reason as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, b. if he did know it, he did or know that what he was doing was wrong). 2. the irresistible impulse test. 3. the Durham decision. Under the Durham test, however, the psychiatrist may give any relevant testmony concerning the mental illness at issue. The psychological and behavioral appearance of a person, in clinical psychiatry this term is commonly used to refer to the results of the mental examination of a patient. The written report of the mental status usually contains specific references to the following areas: I. Attitude and General Behavior (1)General health and appearance. (2)General habits of dress. (3)Personal habits. (4)General mood. (5)Use of leisure time. (6)Degree of sociability. (7)Speech. II. Attitude and Behavior during interview (1)Co-operativeness. (2)Poise. (3)Facial expression. (4)Motor activity. (5)Mental activity. (6)Emotional reactions. (7)Trend of thought. III. Sensorium, mental grasp, and capacity (1)Orientation. (2)Memory and retention. (3)Estimate of intelligence. (4)Abstraction ability. (5)Tests of absurdity, interpretation of proverbs. (6)Judgment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 1996

In this thesis, we investigate the psychosocial variables within the family environments of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with (ADHD+CD/ODD) or without (ADHD) externalizing symptoms. The subjects in this research were 86 boys and girls(aged range 6 to 14 years) consisted of 20 ADHD, 22 comorbid ADHD(ADHD+CD/ODD) and 44 normal control group(NC). We have collected data on children and their mothers. The psychosocial variables included in the analysis are socioeconomic status, parent's educational level, life stress event, and the rate of psychiatric disorders in relatives. The self-reported questionnaires marital discord(MAS), parenting stress(PSI), and parenting attitute(MBRI) completed by mothers. The results indicated that ADHD+CD/ODD is supposed to have higher level of family adversity suggested by the lower SES, lower parental educational level, higher life stress events, and more psychic disorders in relatives compared with ADHD or normal control group. In MAS, ADHD+CD/ODD group has significantly the lowest scores on each factor of the measure of marital adjustment. Parents of ADHD+CD/ODD are much more likely to have positive parenting stress when compared with the parents of ADHD. Especially, mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the lowest tendency in the mean score on affective, accepted attitudd. In an inapropriate parenting attitude perceived by children, father of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most negative, contradictory attitude and mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most restrictive, negative and contradictory attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.114-132
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• 1988

Aiming to appraise student's health status and recommend improvement and strengthening of the school health services, statistical analysis of the results of health examination were done with summarized data which were collected nation-wide through the Ministry of Education. After analysis of data obtained, the results of the study summarized as follows; 1) Requested Adequate care Requested Adequate care showed from 5 % to 3% in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In sexes, Requested Adequate in girls (2.8%) more apparent than in boys (2.5%) 2) Eyes i) Weak vision, abnormal refraction of eyes (myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism), eye diseases (trachoma, others) were found as shown in the Table 2, Figure 3. Weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes showed from 2 % (Elementary), 5 % ( Secondary) to 4 % (Elementary), 14 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In both sexes, the older the age of students the more weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes had rapidly increased especially in over 15-year old. ii) Eye diseases (trachoma, others) showed from 2% to age of students the more diseases had students. 3) Ear, nose and pharynx Hearing disturbance, ear diseases (otitis mediae, others), nose (empyema, hypertrophy) and pharynx diseases were found as following 1) Hearing disturbance was found from 0.3%(Elementary), 1 %(Secondary) to 0.05 % (Elementary), 0.4 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively, however, recently the older the age of students the more had students. ii) Ear diseases showed from 1.7 % (Elementary) 1.0 % (Secondary) to 0.3 %(Elementary), 0.5%(Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. iii) In diseases of the nose and pharynx, tonsilitis showed from 2.5% (Elementary), 3.5 % (Secondary) to 1.8 % ( Elementary). 2.5% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 4) Skin Infectious skin diseases and other skin diseases were found from 1.5% to 0.6% in 1962 am 1984 respectively. 5) Teeth Dental caries (in milk and permanent teeth) and otner oral diseases are shown from 12 % (Elementary), 8%(Secondary) to 75%( Elementary), 25% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 6) Other defects and diseases A relatively higher morbidity was shown in the tubercular diseases, in anemia, and in heart diseases among the tuberculous diseases, nodular diseases, Pleurisy, heart diseases, anemia, beriberi, hernia, neurasthenia, speech difficulty, mental disorders, bone dysformity, motion difficulty of extremities. In both sexes, tuberculous diseases were found almost equally in both sexes and anemia in girls was more apparent than in boys. Trying to provide more effective health services in schools : i) A better and more effective physical examination should be carried out in each school and prior to the physical examination, the qualified daily observation of children by teacher should be keenly practiced. ii) According to the results of the required annual physical examination the leading cause of morbidity were dental caries, myopia, angina and otitis mediae and fore these diseases follow up should be carried out. iii) For prevention and treatment of diseases and defects health education for students in the classroom as well as to parents is urgently requested.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-455
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• 2012

Multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory mechanisms are largely divided into the phonological channel and the lexical-semantic channel. The former is called phonological short-term memory and the latter is called semantic short-term memory. Phonological short-term memory is further segmented into the phonological input buffer and the phonological output buffer. In this study, the language performance of each of three patients with similar levels of conduction aphasia was analyzed in terms of multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory. To this end, three patients with conduction aphasia were instructed to perform four different aspects of language tasks that are spontaneous speaking, repetition, spontaneous writing, and dictation in both word and sentence level. Moreover, the patients' phonological memories and semantic short-term memories were evaluated using digit span tests and verbal learning tests. As a result, the three subjects exhibited various types of performances and error responses in the four aspects of language tests, and the short-term memory tests also did not produce identical results. The language performance of three patients with conduction aphasia can be explained according to whether the defects occurred in the semantic short-term memory, phonological input buffer and/or phonological output buffer. In this study, the relations between language and multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory were discussed based on the results of language tests and short-term memory tests in patients with conduction aphasia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.207-213
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• 2018

To increase the acceptance of multicultural youth, it is necessary to grasp the factors influencing multicultural acceptance. This study was conducted to provide basic data for a future study for the promotion of multicultural acceptance of adolescents by systematically analyzing research trends in factors affecting the multicultural acceptance of Korean adolescents. From 2008 to 2017, we searched 6,435 papers combining the keywords 'multicultural,' 'acceptability,' 'teenager,' 'middle school' and 'high school,' and analyzed six articles. The qualitative evaluation refers to Community Guide and STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology(STROBE). The results revealed that factors influencing multicultural acceptance include gender, experience of overseas visits, life satisfaction, parental neglect and abuse, parent education, school and community factors, and community awareness. Multicultural acceptance of adolescents in Korea was influenced not only by specific factors, but also by various factors such as individual, family, school, and community. These factors were also found to change with age. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to provide an environment and education that promote multicultural acceptance.