• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.590-595
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate form of pollution brought by residual of mine tailing in agricultural land, and get basic information need for environment restoration. Guundong mine was completely restored region by implementation the soil pollution prevention plan. The districts is soils in Guundong mine vicinity the Mahul-ri, Muan-myeon, Miryang city, Gyeongsangnam-do. The nature of soil studied is the Shinra series andesite and mineral deposits which contain brimstone and heavy metals such as gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. The residual mine tailing and around agricultural land of heavy metals analyzed with 0.1N HCI solubility. The chemical properties of surface soil in upper part around mining area were pH 4.3-4.4, organic matter 19-21 g $kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ 85 mg $kg^{-1}$, exchangeable Ca 0.21-0.25 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, exchangeable Mg 0.04 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. The pH, exchangeable Ca, and Mg were increased with soil depth. The contents of 0.1N HCl extractable Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni in soil (siteI) which influenced by outflow water from mine tailing were 97, 0.6, 197, 0.28 및 0.12 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively. The vertical distribution of heavy metals in soil varied considerably among the metals kind. In case of siteI, The content of Cu, Pb, and Cr in soil was highest at surface soil. However, the content of Cd, Zn, Ni, and Mn was high at middle part of soil profile.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

Soil samples collected in an area of Gahak Mine were investigated for the characterization of mineralogical and physicochemical properties of contaminants in soils. It is found that soils in the study area are contaminated by lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), in which their concentrations are 595.3 mg/kg, 184.9 mg/kg, 712.8 mg/kg, and 10.64 mg/kg, respectively. All the concentrations exceed the concern criteria of Korean standard. Upon distribution patterns of metals identified by the sequential extraction procedure, our results show that more than 50% of metals are found as a residual type, and 30% are accounted for the association of Fe/Mn oxides. Interestingly, XRD results show that minium (Pb₃O₄) and cuprite (Cu₂O) are identified in the soil samples, suggesting that the sources of the contaminants for Pb and Cu are these minerals. In SEM images, tens of µm of Pb oxides and Pb silicate-minerals are observed. We, therefore, note that the contamination of metals in the study area results from the direct influx and disturbance of tailings. Our findings indicate that the characterization of physicochemical and mineralogical properties of contaminated soils is a critical factor and plays an important role in optimizing recovery treatments of soils contaminated in mine development areas.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

Recently, the population of toxic and/or unusable jellyfish is increasing during summer along the east coast of Korea, causing massive economical and ecological damage to fisheries, nuclear power plant and marine environment. To solve this problem, this study was carried out using jellyfish as a potential soil additive for horticulture. The jellyfish was solidified and homogenized, then mixed with a commercial bed soil. Allium tuberosum ROTH was planted to control bed soil (BS) and jellyfish powder mixed bed soil groups (Mixed bed soil, MBS), and following parameters were measured during five weeks: water content, electrical conductivity and growth of leaves. At the end of the experiment, bacterial community structures of each pot were analyzed by DGGE. The relative water adsorption of jellyfish powder was about 2.5 times greater compared to its dry weight. The water content of MBS group was significantly higher than BS group 6.5 to 14.2%, and the electric conductivity of MBS group was measured around 2.8 dS/m where BS group was resulted average of 1.8 dS/m. However, the leaves of BS group were grown 30% longer compared to MBS group. DGGE analysis of MBS group was shown in high number of phylum Bacteroidetes and increased diversity of Sphingobacteriia compared to BS group. Jellyfish powder as a soil additive surely will be a good candidate as humectant and microbiota stimulator, although there are several obstacles such as high electrical conductivity and residual alum salt which used for solidification of jellyfish.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.215-224
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• 2021

In this study, to investigate the effect of stabilization of Pb-contaminated soil near a smelter site for the reduction of environmental risk of Pb leaching, commercial stabilizers were amended with the Pb-contaminated soil and evaluated leaching characteristics of Pb in soil by TCLP and SPLP leaching test. Also, performing sequential extraction procedure speciation of Pb in the amended soil was investigated. Limestone, AC-2 (Amron), Metafix (Peroxychem) that possess stabilization performance towards heavy metal in soil and mass production is available were selected as candidates. AC-2 contained a CaCO₃ and MgO crystalline phase, while Metafix had a Fe₇S₈ crystalline phase, according to XRD studies. Pb content in SPLP extract was lower than the South Korean drinking water standard for Pb in groundwater at 4% AC-2 and Metafix treatment soil, and TCLP-based stabilization effectiveness was more than 90%. The findings of the sequential extraction method of soil treated with Metafix revealed that fractions 1 and 2 of Pb, which correspond to relatively high mobility and bioavailable fractions, were lowered, while the residual fraction (fraction 5) was raised. As a consequence, the order of performance for Pb stabilization in polluted soil was Metafix>AC-2>limestone.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2010

In this study, the rhizoremediation of petroleum and heavy metal-contaminated soil was characterized employing Zea mays and two plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria, Gordonia sp. S2RP-17 and Serratia sp. SY5 which have petroleum-degrading activity and heavy metal-resistance, respectively. After 51 days, the average dry weights of Zea mays' root without and with the inoculation of rhizobacteria were $1.9{\pm}0.2$ and $5.6{\pm}0.7\;g$, respectively. Compared with initial TPH concentration in soil ($21,576{\pm}3,426\;mg-TPH{\cdot}kg-dry\;soil^{-1}$), the residual TPH concentrations were $220{\pm}98\;mg-TPH{\cdot}kg-dry\;soil^{-1}$ in soil planted with Zea mays, and $20{\pm}41\;mg-TPH{\cdot}kg-dry\;soil^{-1}$ in soil planted with Zea mays and inoculated with rhizobacteria. These results indicated that the inoculation of S2RP-17 and SY5 could promote TPH removability in soil as well as the growth of Zea mays' root. There was little positive effect of the rhizobacteria inoculation on the removability of heavy metal such as Cu, Cd and Pb in soil planted with Zea mays.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

Coal combustion fly ash, which has a high available Si content and alkaline pH, was selected as a potential source of soil amendment in this study. Two field experiments were carried out to evaluate the possibility of heavy metal accumulation in silt loam (Pyeongtaeg series) and loamy sand (Nagdong series) of rice (Oryza sativa) paddy soils to which 0, 40, 80, and $120Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of fly ash were added. Rice yields increased significantly with fly ash application and the highest rice yields were achieved following the addition of around $90Mg\;ha^{-1}$ fly ash. Fly ash increased the soil pH but did not increase heavy metal uptakes of rice and heavy metal concentration in soils, due to very low concentration of heavy metals in the selected fly ash. Labile fraction of heavy metals (exchangeable + acidic fraction) was scarcely contained and most of them were stable and unavailable form (oxidizable and residual fraction). In conclusion fly ash could be a good supplement to an inorganic soil amendments without heavy metal contamination in paddy soils.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 1992

For reducing the residual effects of Quinclorac to followed-by crops of paddy rice, three tests by different soil improvers, different cultural performances with tillage and application of composts, and cultivation of different depletion crops were evaluated, respectively. Among seven soil improvers, activated carbon, composts and perlite showed significant promisable feasibility to reduce phytotoxicity of tomato seedlings as affected by Quinclorac residuals, And comparing to untreated check, the application of tillage and composts prior to transplanting of tomato seedling could helpful to reduce Quinclorac residuals in the soil, but tomato and lettuce, most susceptible crops to Quinclorac, were not remarkably protected by those cultural performances. Also among cultivation of depletion crops just after rice harvest, Italian ryegrass, tall fescue, rape and oats engaged to deplete and reduce Quinclorac residuals for tomato seedling growth, however alfalfa and hairy vetch, relatively susceptible plants to Quinclorac were not promisable.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1997

To find out the residual effect of phosphate fertilization on botanical composition, mineral contents and mineral nutrient deprivation of pasture plants, this experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with six treatments(0-0, 50-50, 100-65, 150-65, 200-65 and 250-65kg $P_2O_5$/ha), those were composed of three P,O, fertilization level(0, 50 and 65kg P,OJha) after phosphate fertilization trial with six treatments(0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250kg $P_2O_5$/ha) from 1989 to 1992, and conducted at hilly land in Kwangju, Kyonggi Province 60m 1993 to 1994. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The botanical composition of pasture plants without phosphate fertilization was very poor. With increasing available phosphate of soil, the percentage of grasses and legumes were remarkably increased and weeds was decreased. With 150-65kg $P_2O_5$/ha application for two years, the average DM yield was composed of 80.6% grasses, 15.4% legume and 4.0% weeds, the percentage was similar to that of 200-65kg $P_2O_5$/ha. As available phosphate of soil increase, P, K and Mg content of pasture plants were increased, but Ca/P ratio was lowed and the other mineral contents tended not to be regular. The mineral nutrient contents deprived by DM yield was increased as available phosphate of soil was increased, but those were not different between 150-65 and 250-65kg $P_2O_5$/ha. However, mineral nutrient of $P_2O_5$,$K_2O$ and MgO were higher in 200-65 and 250-65kg $P_2O_5$/ha. Most of applied mineral elements were accumulated at a subsurface(0-2.5cm) of grasslands, and mineral tended to be decrease than that of soil chemical analysis before the experiment of residual effect of phosphate fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1983

The object of this study was to investigate the distribution of Cd fractions in paddy soils in relation to some soil characteristics and to find out the relationships between soil Cd fractions and Cd content in brown rice. Thirty six soils and rice samples were collected from the paddy field adjacent to zinc mining sites at harvest time in 1981. Total Cd content of brown rice samples was analyzed. A sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate Cd in soils into the designated forms of exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bonded, carbonate, sulfide, and residual Cd. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The distribution of Cd fractions in soil showed a wide difference depending on soil properties. As an average value it was observed that organically bonded Cd amounted 43.7%; residual Cd, 6.5%; and other fractions, 10-15%. 2. With higher soil pH, organically bonded and carbonate Cd fraction tended to be higher but exchangeable fraction lower. Other forms of Cd showed no difference with soil reaction. 3. Organically bonded fraction was positively correlated with soil organic matter content, while others except adsorbed fraction showed an adverse tendency. 4. The relation of fraction distribution to soil C E C was similar to the case of organic matter. 5. Cadmium content in brown rice showed significant possitive correlation with organically bonded Cd content (r = 0.655) and carbonate, Cd content of soil (r = 0.328) but there was no significant correlation with contents of other forms.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.41-47
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• 2006

The evaluations of daily safe yield and reciprocal influence of hot spring wells are important subjects that the specialized agencies of hot spring has to survey. The survey of hot spring had been executed by Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) prior to 1996. However, as of 2006, eight specialized agencies of hot spring are working on it and so the survey of hot spring is not consistent now. This study was carried out to analyze data from hot spring in the same way by every specialized agency. The time of residual drawdown was applied to evaluate daily safe yield because some of wells have slow recovery of drawdown. The reciprocal influence between hot spring wells was evaluated by drawdown of observation wells when a new well was pumped.