• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.22
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• pp.259-304
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• 1992

This paper examines 'Religion Class' in the scheme of the DDC. The major findings of the study are summerized as follows. 1. The first edition of DDC was published in 1876 in order to classify Amherst College Library collections. In spite of the continuous study and revision of the experts, the frameworks of the DDC systems are still kept unchanged. Only their subdivisions, reflecting those developments in the academic world, are developed and detailed more sophisticatedly. 2. The division of 200 does not function as generalities for all class of religion. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the division of 200 to serve generalities for all the religions of the world. 3. Standard subdivision for the christian religion and for the non-christian religion is different. So, the mnemonic nature has become weakened due to the dual standard subdivisions and the classification number becomes much longer and complicated. Therefore, one standard subdivision for all religions of the world is required. 4. Religion science was organized in late 19 C and developed continuously, but the DDC does not accomodate the religion science as a science. Accodingly, the DDC should be revised recognize religion science as a science not the christian science. 5. The deployment of classification scheme in Dewey's 200 is severely biased. That is to say, 9 division were assigned for christian religion, whereas only 1 division was assigned for non-christian religion. Therefore, an adjustment should be made to allocate subdivisions equally to all religions of the world. 6. General classification order of religion is prehistoric, primitive, ancient, modem and world religion in religion science. But, DDC does not accept this general classification order of religion, sticking to the biased expansion towards christianity. Therefore, DDC must adopt the general classification order of religion in the religion science. 7. Lastly, because of the limitation of decimal notation in DC, DDC does not accomodate new subject equally and classification number becomes longer. Therefore, centesimal expansion is proposed in order to make the classification number short, to enlarge its capacity of inclusion of new subject and to maintain consistency in the scheme.

• The Journal of Korean-Japanese National Studies
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• no.32
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• pp.35-68
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• 2017

The map where so-called 'New Religion' of Korea in the Colonial Era is entangled with 'Religion (Christianity, Buddhism, Shindo)' recognized by the Japanese Government General of Korea and nationalism. Accordingly positive research on how religious ideal and ideology in 'New Religion' in Korea was practically applied and practiced in the society is a crucial task. Meanwhile there is survey data representing the status in the long term from 1860s to early 1930s in regard to 'New Religion' of Korea in the Colonial Era. In other words it is 'Pseudo Religion in Joseon' by Murayama Jijun published in 1935. Most part of them are shown through statistics data. In particular he took a look at the distribution of 'Pseudo Religion', ups and downs of religious influence, faith consciousness, its impact and religious ideological movement and social movement. Therefore, if this statistical data could be utilized through quellenkritik, it is thought to have value of significant reference in research on Korea's 'New Religion'. This paper utilizes many statistics included in the survey data among critical review on recognition in Murayama's 'New Religion in Korea' as basic texts. During the procedure this paper seeks to look at the geology of Korean 'New Religion' and attempts basic consideration in the quantitative term related to trend and ups and downs of the groups. Through this basic research I hope that 'public concern of New Religion' in modern Korea and research on re-establishment will move forward.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• no.22
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• pp.15-50
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• 2012

This paper consists of two parts. The first part presents a review of academic studies on the concept of religion in Western countries; why the subject matters and how it has been discussed and evaluated. The second part contains a self-reflection of the conceptual analyses of religion from the Korean point of view; how we evaluate "their" studies and an attempt to understand the more than one hundred years of reception of the concept of religion in Korea. The idea of religion is an important part of the modern "map" that Korean society was obliged to accept in the middle of its crisis during the second half of the nineteenth century. Examining this process and the context of its reception can help to understand our intellectual and religious heritage. In this vein, it is of primary importance to consider how the modern concept of "Jonggyo" is different from the traditional concept of "Gyo".

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.291-326
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• 2018

The present lecture aims to discuss Nietzsche's critique of metaphysics, religion and morality through the affect. Nietzsche's philosophical attempt for the existential health of man made possible by the affirmation of the earth as a world of realistic life. The affirmation about the nascent Earth means that one feels the world as a world of pleasure. But metaphysics and religion have imagined the earthly world of this world as a place against lust. That is, metaphysics and religion suppress the actual affect of man. From the aspect of metaphysics, religion and morality, the human affect is dangerous. But according to Nietzsche, affect is the basic condition revealed by man's nature. The present lecture aims to discuss Nietzsche's critique of metaphysics, religion, and morality in the guide to his concept of affect.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.35
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• pp.73-107
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• 2020

Daesoon Jinrihoe tends to be perceived as a 'nationalistic religion' by both internal members of the religious body and outside scholars of religious studies. However, the character of this particular nationalistic religion is rather complex. On top of emphasizing the special status of the Korean ethnic group while focusing on nationalism as a nationalistic religion, Daesoon Jinrihoe futrther asserts an implication of the universality of world religion aiming to bring relief to humankind and the world. This dynamic is one of the specificity of nationalistic religion and also the universality of world religion. However, this dual logic of specificity and universality is not characteristic of only Daesoon Jinrihoe. Many religions in the world have also exhibited duplicity as nationalistic religions and world religions. And this thesis pays attention to Sectarian Shinto as it formed in modern Japan. Kyoha Shinto formed when the modern Japanese government established the national Shinto system which had a total of 13 sects. Most of them do not only call themselves a nationalistic religion, inheriting the ethnic tradition of Japanese people, but also jump into overseas missionary work. This started during the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars. With that in mind, how did the overseas missionary work of Sectarian Shinto aspire for status as a world religion while maintaining their identities as nationalistic religions? Furthermore, how did their movements fare in their efforts to become world religions? Thus, this thesis aims to examine the possibility Daesoon Jinrihoe becoming a world religion through some cases of Sectarian Shinto that showed the duplicity as nationalistic religions and world religions. Also, this thesis makes suggestions regarding the future direction of Daesoon Jinrihoe. As such, this paper aims to review the new direction of Daesoon Jinrihoe as it stands on the borderline between being a nationalistic religion and a world religion. This is done by examining the historical flow of theory regarding 'nationalistic religion' or 'minjung religion' which have long been discussed in Korean society. Also examined is the case of Won Buddhism which likewise aims to simultaneosuly be both a nationalistic religion in Korea and a world religion abroad.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2002

Purpose: This study has been designed to identify attitudes to euthanasia held by Korean nurses. Method: Data were collected through a survey, and the participants in the study were 234 Korean nurses. Convenience sampling method was used and analysis of the data was done with SPSS PC for descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results : 1. The mean score for euthanasia was 2.80. and the sub dimension mean scores were, patients' rights. 3.24, quality of life, 2 78, respect for life, 2.68, medical ethics, 2.50. 2. With respect to the general characteristics of participants there were statistically significant difference in total score according to religion (P= .01), and degree of influence of religion on behavior (P= .00). 3. There were statistically significant difference in score of quality of life according to religion (P= .04), degree of influence of religion on behavior (P= 00), decisions in euthanasia (P=.04), and legal permission (P= .04). 4. There was statistically significant difference in score of patient's right according to legal permission (P = .04). 5 There were statistically significant difference in the score of respect for life according to religion (P= .00), degree of influence of religion on behavior (P= .00), decision in euthnasia (P= .00), and legal permission (P= .00).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.625-639
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• 2003

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between managerial characteristics of the nursing organization and organizational effectiveness. Method : The data were gathered from the self-reported questionnaires of 717 nurses who work for eight different general hospitals located around Seoul and Kyounggi province. The period of data collection was from December 12 to December 7, 2002. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, and ANOVA with SAS & SPSS Program were used. Result : 1) Managerial Characteristics of the Nursing Organization were positively related to all of the organizational effectiveness. Transactional leadership were negatively related to all of the organizational effectiveness. 2) 'Shared Value' and 'Communication' showed a significant difference except religion. 'Autonomy' showed a significant difference except religion, major field of practice. 'Job Motivation' showed a significant difference except marital status, religion. 'Transformational leadership' showed a significant difference except marital status, religion, major field of practice. 3) 'Job satisfaction' showed a significant difference except religion, major field of practice. 'Organizational commitment' and 'Organizational citizenship behavior' showed a significant difference except religion. Conclusion : From the above results, the highly perceived with managerial characteristics of the nursing organization is very implicative to enhance the organizational effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify the level of spirituality in student nurses and to provide baseline data to develop a spirituality development education program. Method: The participants were 499 students in departments of nursing in 5 universities in Busan. The data were collected between June 7 and July 18, 2002. The instrument was used Howden's spirituality assessment scale. Collected data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, $Means{\pm}SD$, t-test F-test, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The SPSS program was used. Results: 1) The mean score for spirituality was $101.14{\pm}8.70$ (range 26-130). 2) The mean score for perceived health state was $3.42{\pm}0.80$. 3) Spirituality according to general characteristics showed significant differences for sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home. 4) Spirituality according to religious characteristics showed significant differences for influence of religion, necessity of religion, help from religion, subjectivity of God in life, reading religious books, participation in religion ceremonies. 5) There was a significant positive correlation between perceived health state and spirituality. Conclusion: The spirituality of the student nurses was high and differed according to sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home, religious characteristics, spirituality, and perceived health status.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.142
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• pp.99-119
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• 2017

Buddhism tends to be accepted as an institutional religion. This is probably due to the historical background in which Buddhism has been accepted as a representative institutional religion along with Christianity since the mid-20th century. In particular, Buddhism is accepted as an institutional religion based on tradition. Buddhism is also accepted as philosophy. Even if the western philosophical background is embraced that defines philosophy as the pursuit of intellectual clarity and wisdom in life, Buddhism is deemed to be classified as a philosophy that allows for the possibility of philosophical criticism without unconditionally believing the truth that Gautama Buddha discovered. The possibility of Buddhism as philosophy like this is directly linked to the possibility of Buddhism for doing philosophy. Doing philosophy in Buddhism can be presented in three processes: keeping a distance from daily life, the observation and concentration based on the distance, and the formation of a new world-view. Doing philosophy is rooted in the same way as meditation in the lives of people tired from post-capitalist everyday life. Nonetheless, Buddhism clearly has the characteristics of religion, thus posing a challenge of establishing a new relationship between religion and philosophy. The tradition of a strict separation between the religion and philosophy in Christian civilization is still working as a factor that keeps Buddhism from being classified as philosophy. In cases where the pursuit of intellectual clarity and practical wisdom in life is incorporated into the purpose of philosophy, Buddhism can be categorized into having the distinctive function of religion "spiritual peace", and sharing the common function of philosophy and religion "enlightenment." In that sense, it can also be an important task to seek a new perspective on the relationship between religion and philosophy.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• no.25
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• pp.195-241
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• 2014

When the objective of a modern state focuses on securing basic human right of an individual and realizing public good in a state community, the direction of policy on religion of a state can not deviate far away from such objective. Meanwhile, the policy on religion of modern states today mostly takes the church and state separation principle as its basis. The states secure religious freedom and enforce the separation of church and state by differentiating religion and the mundane world and establishing the relation between the two. This study examined the church and state separation principle, which is an important system device of recent age nation-states, and explored the possibility of more active policy on religion. First, the relationship among religion, state and politics was examined from more structural and functional viewpoint. Next, how the separation of church and state principle has become recent age political principle and what was the settlement process of church and state separation in other countries are summarized. At last, the actual situation of church and state separation in Korea, the structural limitation of it and the direction of policy on religion are examined. The application experience of church and state separation principle is quite short in Korean society. In addition, when there is a religious issue, there is the trend of evading the issue unconditionally or responding to it passively. However, the religious culture in Korean society is one of the biggest cultural resources and social assets. Since it has big potential as driving force for the advance of state, it is regretful to leave religion alone as it is. Therefore, this study explored the original limitations of church and state separation principle which are limiting the religious policy of of state and searched for a theoretical basis for the utilization of resources in religious culture as driving force of state by overcoming the limitations. This study examined the situation in Korea by paying attention to how differently the church and state separation principle is being applied in other states, The separation of church and state, which is the basis of policy on religion in Korea, belongs to 'similar separation type' like in Japan; therefore, there is a trend of doctrinaire interpretation or arbitrary interpretation. This study suggests that it is required to overcome this limping state and settle down the church and state separation principle, which fits to Korean society, as a social and cultural practice. It is also suggested that more active policy on religion would be enforced by wider interpretation of church and state separation.