• Title/Summary/Keyword: Korean refineries

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Analysis of Cell Disruption in Microalgae Using Continuous Low Frequency Non-Focused Ultrasound (연속저주파를 이용한 미세조류 파쇄)

  • Choi, Jun-Hyuk;Kim, Gwang-Ho;Park, Jong-Rak;Jeong, Sang-Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2021
  • Recently, many studies have been conducted on substituting fossil fuels with bio-refineries in existing industrial systems using biomass. Among the various bio-refineries, microalgae have received wide attention because it uses inorganic compounds to produce useful substances, which are extracted by a cell disruption process. Although numerous cell disruption methods exist, cell disruption efficiency has been studied by ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasound is a high-frequency (20 kHz or higher) sound wave and causes cell disruption by cavitation when passing through a solvent. In this study, we used the microalgal species Chlorella sp., which was cultured in a plate-type photobioreactor. The experiment was conducted using a continuous low-frequency processing device. The reduction of cells with time due to cell disruption was fitted using a logistic model, and optimum conditions for highly efficient cell disruption were determined by conducting experiments under multiple conditions.

MINERAL PROCESSING and COPPER EXRACTIVE METALLURGY Complete Metal Recovery

  • Kim, J.Y.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.22-34
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    • 2003
  • Processing and smelting of copper containing sulphide concentrates result in the accumulation of impurities into various process streams. All primary copper smelters and refineries around the world produce significant amounts of slag, dust, sludge, residues and others, which contain copper and precious metals. The recovery of these valuable metals is essential to the overall economics of the smelting process. Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of particular slag and Cottrell dusts from primary smelters and Dore furnace (TBRC) slag and Pressure Leached Anode slimes from a copper refinery have been carried out to understand the basic behind the recovery processes. Various process options have been evaluated and adapted for the treatment of slag from different smelting furnaces and Cottrell dusts as well as the intermediate products from copper refineries. Besides the hydro- or pyre-metallurgical treatments, the above mentioned physical separation options such as magnetic, gravity separation, flotation and precipitation flotation processes have been successfully identified and adapted as the possible process options to produce a Cu-rich or precious metal-rich concentrates for in-house recycling and other valued by-product for further treatment. The results of laboratory, pilot plant and production operations are presented, and incorporation of several alternative flowsheet is discussed in this paper.

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Estimation Technique of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants(HAPs) Emitted from Petroleum Industrial Process/Equipment (석유정제산업 공정과 공정장비에 기인한 휘발성 유해 대기오염물질(HAPs)의 배출량 산정기법)

  • Jo, Wan Geun;Gwon, Gi Dong;Dong, Jong In;Gang, Gyeong Hui
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.703-710
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    • 2004
  • Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

Total value recovery in the copper smelting and refining operations

  • Kim Joe. Y.;Kong Bong S.
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.590-597
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    • 2003
  • Processing and smelting of copper containing sulphide concentrates result in the accumulation of impurities into various process streams. All primary copper smelters and refineries around the world produce significant amounts of slag, dust, sludge, residues and others, which contain copper and precious metals. The recovery of these valuable metals is essential to the overall economics of the smelting process. Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of particular slag and Cottrell dusts from primary smelters and $Dor\'{e}$ furnace (TBRC) slag and Pressure Leached Anode slimes from a copper refinery have been carried out to understand the basic behind the recovery processes. Various process options have been evaluated and adapted for the treatment of slag from different smelting furnaces and Cottrell dusts as well as the intermediate products from copper refineries. Besides the hydro- or pyro-metallurgical treatments, the above mentioned physical separation options such as magnetic, gravity separation, flotation and precipitation flotation processes have been successfully identified and adapted as the possible process options to produce a Cu-rich or precious metal-rich concentrates for in-house recycling and other valued by-product for further treatment. The results of laboratory, pilot plant and production operations are presented, and incorporation of several alternative flowsheet is discussed in this paper.

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An Empirical Study on the Decision Making Factors for the fleet composition of oil Tankers with Reference to the Korean Refineries (원유수송 선대구성을 위한 의사결정요인 도출에 관한 실증적 연구 - 한국 정유사를 중심으로 -)

  • Bek, Gi-hon;Lee, Tae-Woo;Chang, Young-Tae
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.373-381
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    • 2002
  • There has been an interesting trend showing that the number of tankers owned by major oil company has been decreasing since the 1980s, while the number of tankers chartered by them is increasing. So do Korea oil refineries in the period 1990s. Therefore, the following question is raised: Why have oil refinery companies, national and international, been much more dependent upon chartered ships than their owned ships since 1980s\ulcorner This paper tried to answer the above question. In so, doing ten decision-making factors for fleet composition of oil tankers are drawn through literature survey on the research topic with questionnaires and interviews to the four big Korean oil refineries.

Overviews on Energy Savings through Lubrication Improvements (윤활유 개선을 통한 에너지 절감 동향)

  • 이안성
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2000
  • As one of the strategies to sustain the maximum output with the total minimum cost, huge plants worldwide, such as steel mills, refineries, petrochemical plants, and etc., may and will plan and implement the minimization of operating and maintenance costs for their own. This paper is to review the foreign cases of energy savings through lubrication improvements as one of the actions for that purpose and summarize their directions, and also to look at one such local test case.

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A Study on Rheological Behavior of Korean Straight Asphalts (국내 스트레이트 아스팔트의 거동 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Nam-Ho;Hwang, Sung-Do;Park, Young-Cheol
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.121-133
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    • 1999
  • This study was based on the evaluation of 9 asphalts that were produced in five major Korean refineries. The study was concentrated to identify the problems of the current asphalt specification (KS M 2201) and to determine the ranges of visco-elastic asphalt behavior. As a conventional asphalt property. asphalt penetration, ring and ball(R&B) softening point, asphalt viscosity, and flash point of asphalt were measured. Also Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) were used to evaluate visco-elastic properties of asphalts in the $-20^{\circ}C$ through $30^{\circ}C$ temperature range. These properties before and after the short-term (RTFO) and long-term (PAV) aging were compared and analyzed to achieve the research objectives. The conclusion from this study can be summarized by the followings. The low temperature rheological behavior of all the straight asphalt from five major Korean refineries is similar regardless of asphalt grade. In the mean while, the rheological behavior at high and intermediate temperature of Korean straight asphalt varies depending on asphalt grade.

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Development of a Forecasting Model for Refinery Crude Column Overhead Corrosion Control (원유 증류 공정 탑 상부의 부식 예측 모델 개발)

  • Kim, Seung-Nam;Kim, Jung-Hwan;Moon, Il
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.143-148
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    • 2011
  • Corrosion at the top of a distillation column is a common problem in refineries and chemical plants. In particular, severe damage has been inflicted in refineries by corrosive materials such as hydrogen sulfide and chlorine. Therefore, the mechanism of the corrosion occurring at the top of a distillation column has been analyzed, and a model for forecasting the corrosion rate has been developed. Four major materials were selected for modeling: $H_2S$, $CO_2$, $H^+$ and $Cl^-$. These were selected by taking into consideration their effect on the corrosion rate. Studies on the transport phenomenon and reaction engineering for this model were carried out, and the reliability of the model was verified on the basis of the data measured at a real refinery.

Research and Development Trends on Bio-oil Upgrading via Catalytic Vapor Cracking (촉매 접촉 분해법을 활용한 바이오오일 개질 연구 동향)

  • Park, Hyun Ju;Jeon, Jong-Ki;Park, Sung Hoon;Yim, Jin-Heong;Sohn, Jung Min;Park, Young-Kwon
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2009
  • Bio-oil has attracted considerable interest as one of the promising renewable energy resources because it can be used as a feedstock in conventional petroleum refineries for the production of high value chemicals or next-generation hydrocarbon fuels. Currently, catalytic vapor cracking is considered the most potential upgrading method for stabilization of bio-oil, which is a pre-process required prior to feeding bio-oil into refineries. This review introduces the recent research and development trends on bio-oil upgrading via catalytic vapor cracking, focusing on catalysts and upgrading methods used.

High-temperature Mechanical Properties Measurement and Life Assessment of Boiler Equipment by Instrumented Indentation Technique (계장화 압입시험법을 이용한 보일러 설비의 고온 기계적 물성 측정과 수명 평가)

  • Ro, Dong-Seong;Hong, Jeong-Wha;Kim, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Jung-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2009
  • Recently power plants and oil refineries are focusing on capacity enlargement for better efficiency through higher temperature and higher pressure. Thickness of boiler tubes becomes lessened due to oxidation and erasion caused by high temperature bums gas flowing over tubes outside. Accordingly, mechanical stress of tubes is increasing and that is a critical factor to make a crack and fracture. To prevent those sorts of accidents, aging assessment for proper periodic repair and replacement should be conducted reliably and reasonably. We performed IIT test on Cr-Mo steel, one of the most heat-resistant materials for facilities in power plants, and we report the test result and the considerable effectiveness of IIT test.