• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.2125-2130
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• 2016

In this paper, we researched the excellency of 3D graphic nursery contents which is developed by mobile AR technology. AR technology has currently people's attention because of the potential to be core contents of future ICT industry. We applied AR nursery contents for kid's subtitle language selection in Korean, Chinese and English education. The original fairy tale consisted of 6~8 scenes for the 3D contents production, and was adapted and translated. Dubbing was dubbed by the native speaker using the standard pronunciation, and the effect sound was edited separately to fit the scene. After composing a scenario, constructing a 3D model, constructing a interaction, constructing a sound effect, and creating content metadata, the Unity 3D game engine is executed to create a project and describe it as a script. It provides a fun and informative tradition of fairy tales with abundant content that incorporates ICT technology, accepting advanced technology-based education, and having opportunities to perceive software in daily life.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.448-454
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of using the free flap in the reconstruction of maxillary defects. Methods: 27 consecutive cases of maxillary reconstruction with free flap were reviewed. All clinical data were analyzed, including ideal selection of flap, time of reconstruction, recurrence of cancer, postoperative complications, flap design, and follow-up results. The main operative functional items, including speech, oral diet, mastication, eye globe position and function, respiration, and aesthetic results were evaluated. Results: Among the 24 patients who underwent maxillary reconstruction with the free flap, 14 patients underwent immediate reconstruction after maxillary cancer ablation, and 10 patients underwent delayed reconstruction. There occurred 1 flap loss. Recurrences of the cancer after the reconstruction happened in 2 cases. Postoperative complications were 3 cases of gravitational ptosis of the flap, 2 cases of the nasal obstruction, and 1 case of fistula formation. Out of 27 free flaps, there were 15 latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps, 5 radial forearm, 4 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, 1 scapular flap, 2 fibula osteocutaneous flap, respectively. Flaps were designed such as 1 lobe in 9 cases, 2 lobes in 9 cases, and 3 lobes in 5 cases. Among the 14 patients who had intraoral defect or who had palatal resection surgery, 2 patients complained the inaccuracy of the pronunciation due to the ptosis of the flap. It was corrected by the reconstruction of the maxillary buttress and hung the sling to the upper direction. All of the 14 patients were able to take unrestricted diets. In 6 patients who had reconstruction of inferior orbital wall with rib bone graft, they preserved normal vision. Aesthetically, most of the patients were satisfied with the result. Conclusion: LD free flap is suggested in uni-maxilla defect as the 1st choice, and fibular osteocutaneous flap and calvarial bone graft to cover the larger defect in bi-maxilla defect.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2021

Background: The clinical significance of lip-tie, or a tethered maxillary frenulum, remains under debate. Clinicians and parents are often perplexed when deciding whether procedures available to relieve a seemingly tight or severe maxillary frenulum are needed. Purpose: No previous studies have assessed the consequences of not subjecting a tethered maxillary frenulum in newborns to surgical intervention. This study aimed to contribute the first prospective trial on this topic with a relatively extended follow-up of these newborn infants. Methods: This prospective observational questionnaire-based cohort trial was performed in a community setting and aimed to determine whether lip-tie is associated with an increased likelihood of eventual feeding or oral disorders. Results: The convenience sample comprised of 61 consecutively arriving infants with concomitant tethered frenula who were treated at the clinic for various reasons. This cohort was compared with a random sample of 66 age-matched children for a mean follow-up period of 6.42 years. Infants undergoing oropharyngeal procedures were excluded. Awareness of a deviation in oral structures was reported by 18% of the study group versus 0% of the controls. Mothers participating in the study group (24.6%) less frequently recalled painful nipples or discomfort during breastfeeding than those in the control group (47.0%) (P<0.01). There were no intergroup differences in other types of feeding difficulty, dental hygiene, pronunciation, or speech development. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a tethered labial frenulum is not associated with an increase in breastfeeding disturbances or oral disorders. These data encourage clinicians to question the need to intervene in cases of tethered maxillary frenula.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2018

When oral cancer develops in the maxilla, oro-nasal communication occurs after surgical treatment including removal of the primary site. Restoration through an obturator is necessary to prevent food from storing due to non-oral opening, and to ensure proper pronunciation and aesthetic restoration. In this case, the patient was treated with right hemi-maxillectomy due to oral cancer and has residual abutment and poor periodontal support due to the effect of head and neck radiotherapy. The obturator was treated with a hybrid telescopic double crown denture. Reporting a successful prognosis in 18 months of follow-up.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2018

Prosthetic rehabilitation of an edentulous patient who has a maxillary defect is difficult to achieve for many clinicians. The maxillary defect causes leakage of air during pronunciation and compromises denture stability, support and retention by reducing denture-bearing area and breaking peripheral seal. In these patients, the sizes and shapes of defects are very important factors which attribute to prognosis of maxillary obturators. This case report shows the prosthetic rehabilitation of the patient who had maxillectomy on the right maxillary sinus because of squamous cell carcinoma. The patient had a stepwise treatment protocol which started with pre-operative dental examination and followed by surgical, interim and definitive obturation phase. In this case, an acceptable level of retention could be obtained due to well-defined static defects and the preserved premaxillae and the patient was satisfied with the result of the treatment in the aspect of function and esthetics.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2021

This study investigated the change in lip movement during speech according to aging. For the study, 15 elderly women with an average of 69 years and 15 young women with an average of 22 years were selected. To measure the movement of the lips, the ratio between the minimum point and the maximum point of movement when pronouncing a double vowel was analyzed in pixel units using image analysis software. For clinical utility, the software was produced by applying an automated algorithm and compared with the results of handwork. This study found that the range of the width and length of lips in double vowel tasks was smaller for the elderly than that of the young. A strong positive correlation was found between manual and automated methods, indicating that both methods are useful for extracting lip contours. Based on the above results, it was found that the range of the lips decreased when ignited as aging progressed. Therefore, monitoring the condition of lip performance by simply measuring the movement of lips before aging progresses, and performing exercises to maintain lip range, will prevent pronunciation problems caused by aging.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.55
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• pp.173-192
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• 2014

Through excavation on Anapji Pond from March 1975 to December 1976, it was discovered that the whole area around Anapji Pond had been called East Palace (東宮) since 7th century and that the original name of East Palace was Wolji Palace (月池宮) through excavation in 1980. The excavation proved that the original name of Anapji Pond was 'Wolji.' In academic world, there are many scholars who recognize this place as the Crown Prince's palace for being called East Palace. East Palace (which is read Dong Palace with pronunciation in Korean alphabet) actually is another name for Crown Prince's palace. This place, however, cannot have served as Crown Prince's palace as 'independent, exclusive space.' After 7th century, there were detached palaces in Silla including East Palace South Palace North Palace and Yang Palace other than Jeong Palace in Wolseong. East Palace is a palace located in the east. The palace's name is based on bearing and it does not indicate Crown Prince's palace. This article proves that East Palace cannot have been Crown Prince's palace through newly analyzing materials related to Wolji Palace.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.707-715
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• 2021

This study attempts to investigate what systematic support is needed for foreign national students studying in South Korea by analyzing the relationship between foreign national students' life satisfaction and experiences of discrimination. The study utilized neo-racism as a theoretical framework and assumed that foreign national students' experiences of discrimination may lower life satisfaction while disrupting related policies to be effective. Cluster sampling was used to collect surveys, and a total number of 322 cases were analyzed. The study result reveals that experiences of discrimination resulting from students' nationality and Korean language pronunciation led to low life satisfaction in general. Based on the findings, the authors suggest ways to promote awareness around (un)intentional discriminatory actions both at institutional and political levels.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2023

Due to a mistranslation of Sanskrit to Chinese, East Asian Buddhist community misunderstands the original meaning of the fundamental word, 'sachal(寺刹)'. Sanskrit chattra, a parasol on top of a venerated Indian stupa buried with Buddha's sarira, became the symbol of majesty. The Indian stupa was transformed into a pagoda in China, and the highlighted parasol on the summit was transliterated into chaldara(刹多羅), an abbreviation for chal (刹), and finally designated the whole pagoda(塔). Sachal consists with lying low monastery and high-rise pagoda. Tapsa(塔寺), an archaic word of temple, is exactly the same as sachal, because chal means tap, pagoda. However, during the 7th century a Buddhist monk erroneously double-transliterated the Sanskrit 'kshetra,' meaning of land, into the same word as chal, even despite phonetic disaccord. Thereafter, sutra translators followed and copied the error for long centuries. It was the Japanese pioneer scholars that worsen the situation 100 years ago, to publish Sanskrit dictionaries with the errors insisting on phonetic transliteration, though pronunciation of 'kshe-' which is quite different from 'cha-.' Thereafter, upcoming scholars followed their fallacy without any verification. Fallacy of chal, meaning of land, dominates Buddhist community broadly, falling into conviction of collective fixed dogma in East Asia up to now. In the Buddhist community, it is the most important matter to recognize that the same language has become to refer completely different objects due to translation errors. As a research method, searching for corresponding Sanskrit words in translated sutras and dictionaries of Buddhism is predominant. Then, after analyzing the authenticity, the fallacy toward the truth will be corrected.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 2024

Background Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a major complication of cleft palate repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of VPI after cleft palate repair based on 27 years of one surgeon's experience. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 652 patients who underwent cleft palate repair between 1995 and 2021. After exclusion of those with other syndromes or developmental disorders, the study included 374 patients with sufficient follow-up until the age of 4 years, when language evaluation was possible. VPI status was categorized through subjective and objective tests into normal, VPI, and borderline. We analyzed potential differences in VPI incidence by multiple factors. Factors with significance were analyzed to confirm the relationships between subvariables. Results Of the 374 patients, 311 (83.2%) exhibited normal pronunciation, 51 (13.6%) had VPI, and 12 (3.2%) were borderline. Primary cleft palate repair performed after 18 months was associated with a higher incidence of VPI than repair conducted before 18 months (p = 0.005). The incidence of VPI was higher in cases of submucous cleft palate than in the other types based on the Veau classification (p = 0.011). However, in the multivariable analysis, only the submucous type showed statistically significant results (p = 0.026). Conclusion A total of 374 people underwent primary cleft palate repair, and 13.6% of those with VPI required secondary therapy. The incidence of VPI was relatively high among patients with primary cleft palate repair after 18 months and patients with submucous cleft palate.