• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the changes and predictive factors of mothers' parenting competencies during their children's second to third grades in primary school. Methods: We used the data from the Panel study of Korean Parental Educational Involvement. We classified 373 mothers into three groups, 'reduced' parenting competency, 'maintained' parenting competency, and 'increased' parenting competency, and conducted one-way variance analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: First, the mothers' parenting competency decreased between their children's 2nd year and 3rd year in primary school. Second, the 'reduced', 'maintained', and 'increased' groups differed from each other in the degree of change in self-system competency, level of understanding of school life, number of counseling sessions with homeroom teachers, and social networking. Third, the degree of change in self-system competency and social networking predicted the increase in mothers' parenting competency. The degree of change in self-system competency and the level of understanding of school life predicted the maintenance of mothers' parenting competency. Conclusion/Implications: This study, for the first time, has revealed the change in mothers' parenting competency and its predictive factors after the second year in primary school. How to support the growth of mothers' parenting competency was also discussed.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.334-345
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to analyze and compare 24 hrs personal exposure levels of MF at microenvironments such as home, school, educational institute, internet pc game room, transportation, and other places according to time activity patterns using various metrics for children attending the primary schools located near and away from the power lines, and to characterize the major microenvironments and impact factors attributed personal exposure level. The study was carried out for 44 children attending a primary school away from the lines(school A) and 125 children attending a school away from 154 kV power lines(school B), all who aged 12 years and were 6 grade, from July 2003 to December 2003. All participants filled in a questionnaire about characteristics, residence, use of electrical appliances and others. Children wore a small satchel in which EMDEX II and Lite (Enertech, Co. Ltd) and a diary of activity list for period of registration in 20 minutes blocks. All statistical calculations were made with the SAS System, Releas 6.12. The summary of results was presented below. First, about the characteristics of subjects, there no differences between two groups. The subject almost spent about 56 % of their time at home and about 20~25 % of their time at school. Fifty percent of children spent 2 hours at private educational institutes. Second, the personal exposure measurements of children in school B was statistically higher than those of children in school A by various metrics such as arithmetic mean, geometric mean, percentile(5, 25, 50, 75, 95), maximum, rate of change metric, constant field metric. The arithmetic and geometric mean magnetic fields during the time the children were at school B were 0.98 and $0.86{\mu}T$ and were about 23 times higher than those of children were at school A. In conclusion, the significant major determinants of personal exposure level is the distance from the power line to microenvironments.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1172-1179
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine eating behaviors and nutrient intakes of 256 third grade primary school children(134:boys, 122:girls) in Kwangju. There were no significant differences in the heights, weights, physical circumferences measurements between the boys and girls, but the skinfold thickness measurements were significantly different. Most nutrient intakes were higher than the Rec ommended Dietary Allowances but the intake of energy, calcium, and vitamin E were lower than the RDA. The intakes of calcium, niacin, and vitamin E of the girls were significantly lower than those of the boys. With regard to meal volume, 13.6% of the subjects has been 'much'. With regard to meal speed, 24.6% of the subjects has been 'fast'. The study also found that 50% of the subjects skipped breakfast, 67.6% of the subjects had irregular meal times, 64.6% of the subjects ate snacks after dinner and 85.9% of the subjects ate snacks. These results show that the nutrient intake of children was related to snack eating more than regular meals. With regard to dietary behavior and nutrient intakes, meal volume, meal speed, skipping breakfast, eating snacks and eating snacks after dinner were major influences. But regularity of meal time was not influence on nutrient intakes. These results suggest that children's eating behaviors are in needs of correction. This reasserts the importance of nutrition education to children through teachers, parents and dietitians. The findings of this study should be applied to nutrition education to ensure better physical fitness of children.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

To determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children living on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, children (3-10 years) in 39 kindergartens and primary schools were examined using the cello-tape anal swab method, during July and August 2000. Of 1,661 children examined, $307(18.5\%) $were found to be positive for E. vermicularis eggs. The highest infection rate $(59.3\%)$ was found in a kindergarten and a branch school of Shinyang primary school on Chujado, Jeju-do (Province), Remarkable differences in egg positive rates were observed in different localities. The egg positive rate for boys $(21.3\%)$ was significantly higher than that of girls $(15.4\%)$ (P=0.02). However, positive rates were not significantly dependent on age. The results of the present study show that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among pre-school and primary school children living on the western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, and indicate the need for efforts to control this infection.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1993

Pedestrian injury have been the most important cause of death in children 1 to 14 years of age. This study was attempted to analyze the status and factors of the pedestrian safety education for primary school children. The purpose of this study was to provide the baseline study on pedestrian safety education. The data were collected from 313 respondents of 5th grade elementary school children in Seoul during April 26 through May 6, 1993. The data were cross tabulated for percent distribution and analyzed by multiple regression using SAS for personal computer program package. Major findings are as follows: (1) 50% of the respondents had never received any safety education for Pedestrian. The primary provider of pedestrian safety education was parent. (2) Respondents' knowledge on traffic rules, traffic signals, natures of motor vehicle is high(above 88%). (3) Respondents are very negative to the attitude of playing on the street and transversing under d1e overpass(about 80%). (4) 58% of respondents had never played on the street and 49% of respondents had never run on the street. (5) Factors affecting the knowledge of traffic safety was respondents' sex and job of their mothers(p＜0.05). (6) Factors affecting the attitude of traffic safety was economic status(p＜0.01). (7) Factors affecting the practice of traffic safety was education of respondents' fathers. (8) The multiple regression analysis showed that sex was statistically significant in affecting traffic accident of pedestrians (p=0.05). In order to prevent children's traffic accidents, education for pedestrians' safety by both parents and teachers should be strengthened.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intakes and food lifestyles between double income families' children and full-time housewives' children. The subjects included 525 children ages 4 to 7 years old. The proportion of children receiving regular meals was 77.8%. One of the primary reasons for skipping breakfast was 'no appetite'(49.9%). In terms of food habit score 20.8% of the subjects belonged to the 'good' category and children from double income families had significantly higher scores than in full-time housewives' children(p<0.01). The first consideration for meal preparation was significantly different between the two types of families : for 44.3% of the children from it was double income families it was 'favorite', while for 42.8% of full-time housewives' children it was 'nutrition'(p<0.001). Mothers' attention to food for the health of their children was the primary reason in the response 'have regular meals each day'(90.6%). Vitamin C and fat intakes were significantly different between double income families' children and in full-time housewives' children(p<0.01, p<0.05). In conclusion, double income families' children have a lower frequency for eating breakfast and lower intakes of nutrients, such as Ca, P, K, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, and vitamin C than full-time housewives' ones.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of childhood sleep problems at pediatric clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. Methods: Children (n=936) and their parents who visited 5 primary and 1 secondary pediatric outpatient clinics were invited to complete a Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Results: Among patients, 901 (96.3%) answered questionnaires in sufficient detail for evaluation. The participant's mean age was $4.35{\pm}3.02years$ (range, 0-18 years). The male to female ratio was 1:0.93 (466 boys, 435 girls). Habitual snoring (>3 day/week) was reported in 16.9% of the participants. The prevalence of habitual snoring in children <2 years and those between 2-5 years was 9% and 18%, respectively. Sleep disordered breathing was found in 15.1% (106 of 700) of children >2 years. Insomnia was reported in 13.2% of children. The prevalence of sleepwalking, night terrors, and bruxism, is 1.6%, 19%, and 21.1%, respectively. Snoring was associated with increased incidence of sleepwalking, night terrors, and bruxism. Age was associated with insomnia and habitual snoring (P<0.05). Insomnia was more prevalent in younger (21%) than in older children (6%). Snoring was more frequent in both preschool (34%) and school-aged children (33%). The frequency of sleep disordered breathing and insomnia did not vary significantly with gender. However, snoring was more prevalent in boys. Conclusion: Sleep problems are frequent among children in Korea. Children with snoring have an increased risk of sleepwalking, night terror, and bruxism. Primary clinicians should consider children's sleep habits to improve their health.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2008

Purpose: The objective of this study was to study the effect of the obesity control program to the extent of the overweight children's knowledge about obesity, physical exercise, dietary habits and the extent of obesity. Methods: A total of 61 elementary school children between the age of 9-12 were chosen for this study: 31 overweight children whose extent of obesity exceeded over 20% when measured using Broca index and other 30 overweight children of the same category for the comparison as a control group. The obesity control program made up of regular physical exercise for five days per week and a weekly diet education and consultation was implemented for the period of 8 weeks. Results: The knowledge about obesity, regular physical exercise, and diet habits were significantly improved after implementing the obesity control program, as compared to the control group. But the extent of obesity was not significantly decreased. Conclusion: These results suggest that the studies are needed to define factors of effective program and develop the effective program for decreasing the extent of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1969

For the purpose of finding out the differences between urban and rural primary school children aged from 7 to 12 in their physipue, 1146 (578 boys and 567 girls) urban children and 1378 (693 boys and 635 girls) rural children were obserbed by the author during 2 months period from September, 1968 to October, 1968. Following were the findings obtained from this study. 1. Physique In general, urban children showed superiority than rural children if their physique, There could be seen significant differences in their height, weight and chest-girth specially in the age group of 11 and 12. 2. Physique indices In the physique indices based on the height, the value of urban children showed superiority than rural children in relative weight but in relative chest-girth it was the other way around and there were no significant differences between these two groups in relative sitting height. The Kaup index showed higher value in urban children and the Vervaeck index in the rural children and there were no significant differences between these two groups in the Rohrer's index. 3. Comparing these figures with the Korean Standard Value, urban children showed superiority and rural children showed inferiority. Our children were inferior than the Japanese children in their physiques.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to propose the baseline data for the development of a stress measurement tool for primary school students. The data were collected from 650 students from four primary schools in the Chon-buk area from April 1 to May 30, 1995. Through a pretest and literature review a questionaire was designed with 57 stressors experienced by school children in daily life. Reliability of the tool was tested by a Cronbach's alpha and the result was ${\alpha}=.9137$. Factor analysis was applied to organize the 57 items together. As the result, 8 factors were obtained and these factors explained 40% of the variance. The 8 factors were: 1) Life events related to family, 2) Conflict related to friend & senior or junior, 3) Educational attitude of parents, 4) Own personality, 5) School life events, 6) Scolding by teacher and parent, 7) Conflict with interpersonal relationship, and 8) Change of situation.