• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.1013-1021
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• 2001

A series of rabbit common extensor tendon specimens of the humeral epicondyle were subjected to tensile tests under two displacement rates (100mm/min and 10mm/min) and different elbow flexion positions 45°, 90°and 135°. Biomechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength, failure strain, energy absorption and stiffness of the bone-tendon specimen were determined. Statistically significant differences were found in ultimate tensile strength, failure strain, energy absorption and stiffness of bone-tendon specimens as a consequence of different elbow flexion angles and displacement rates. The results indicated that the bone-tendon specimens at the 45°elbow flexion had the lowest ultimate tensile strength; this flexion angle also had the highest failure strain and the lowest stiffness compared to other elbow flexion positions. In comparing the data from two displacement rates, bone-tendon specimens had lower ultimate tensile strength at all flexion angles when tested at the 10mm/min displacement rate. These results indicate that creep damage occurred during the slow displacement rate. The major failure mode of bone-tendon specimens during tensile testing changed from 100% of midsubstance failure at the 90°and 135°elbow flexion to 40% of bone-tendon origin failure at 45°. We conclude that failure mechanics of the bone-tendon unit of the lateral epicondyle are substantially affected by loading direction and displacement rate.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2009

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Play an important role in the human diet and are used in the production of edible fermented products such as kimchi and yoghurt. LAB are regarded as safe food additives used to enhance the nutritive value of foods. Plant-origin lactic acid bacteria (PLAB) cultured in vegetal media are now widely used in food industries. PLAB have been found to activate intestinal immunity, modulate the balance of the intestinal bacterial from, and enhance intestinal function. They are known for their strong resistance to acid; this enables them to persist for a longer duration in the human intestine. PLAB can also survive in the intestinal environment under conditions of poor nutrition. They have stronger vitality as compared to LAB of animal origin. Due to the unique characteristics of PLAB, they are being widely used in Japan for processing foods such as yoghurt and beverages. Recently, PLAB has also been used as the culture for processing yoghurt in Korea. We expect further research on the functional effects of PLAB.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.973-978
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• 1991

From January, 1982, to December, 1990, 15 patients underwent pericardiectomy for chronic constrictive pericarditis on Department Of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University. There were 9 male and 6 female patients [male to female ratio was 1.5: 1] ranging from 15 years to 63 years old [mean age 35.0]. All patients underwent pericardiectomy through a median sternotomy, partial cardiopulmonary bypass was performed on two patients. There were 3 postoperative death [20%]. Six cases [40%] were tuberculous origin 5 cases [34%] were Idiopathic [nonspecific chronic inflammatory change was considered to idiopathic], 2 cases [13%] were malignant origin, 2 cases [13Yo] were pyogenic origin. Dyspnea on exertion was evident in all patients and abdominal distention, general weakness, palpitation, peripheral edema were found. Eleven patients showed low voltage of QRS wave, 7 patients showed diffuse ST-T wave change, 2 patients showed atrial fibrillation on EKG. There were 6 patient showed pericardial thickening, 5 patients showed evidence of restriction, 5 patients showed pericardial effusion, 4 patients showed low cardiac output on preoperative echocardiogram. Hemodynamic response to pericardiectomy were observed; preoperative CVP 26.8 cmH2O declined to 15.0 cmH2O. Preoperative NYHA Functional class showed class II - 1, class III - 10, class IV - 4, postoperative NYHA functional class showed class I - 7, class II - 4, class Ill - l.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 1984

The origin of the East sea is discussed in the light of modern geophysical theories such as plate tectonics and sea-floor spreading. The origin of the East Sea was due to the tensional force of the back-arc spreading which was initiated as early as late Cretaceous time of Paleocene. The spreading was asymmetric with a fast movement of eastward or southeastward and a slow westward motions. The spreading, however, was confined to the East Sea due to the change of the Pacific Plate north-northwest to west-northwest during Eocene time. Further intensifying research based on more accurate seismic data as well as on geophysical and geological informations should be carried out continuously to understand if the spreading of the Japan Sea died out due to triple junction formed by mention of the Pacific, the Eurasian, and the Philippine plates since the Quaternary.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.396-401
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• 2009

The nucleotide sequence contains 2 open reading frames encoding a 45-amino-acid protein homologous to a transcriptional repressor protein CopG, and a 203-amino-acid protein homologous to a replication protein RepB. Putative countertranscribed RNA, a double-strand origin, and a single-strand origin were also identified. A shuttle vector, pUCL2.1, for various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was constructed on the basis of the pCL2.1 replicon, into which an erythromycin-resistance gene as a marker and Escherichia coli ColE1 replication origin were inserted. pUCL2.1 was introduced into E. coli, Lc. lactis, Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum, Lb. paraplantarum, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The recombinant LAB maintained traits of transformed plasmid in the absence of selection pressure over 40 generations. Therefore, pUCL2.1 could be used as an E. coli/LAB shuttle vector, which is an essential to engineer recombinant LAB strains that are useful for food fermentations.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.64-68
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• 2007

The classic graphical method to determine the epicenter uses differences between the arrival times of P and S waves at each station. In this research, a robust approach is proposed, which provides a fast and intuitive estimation of earthquake epicenters. This method uses an empirical relationship between epicentral distance and traveltime of the first arrival P phase of local or regional earthquake. The relationship enables us to estimate epicentral distances and draw epicentral circles from each station with P-traveltimes counted from a probable origin time. As the assigned time is getting close to the origin time of the earthquake, epicentral circles begin to intersect each other at a possible location of the epicenter. Then the possibility of the epicenter can be expressed by a function of the time and the space. We choose the location which gives the minimum standard deviation of the origin time as an estimated epicenter. In this research, 918 P arrival times from 84 events occurring from 2005 to 2006 listed in the KMA earthquake catalog are used to determine the empirical P-traveltime function of epicentral distances.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.291-303
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• 2020

This various factors that affect beef consumption behavior between different types of beef such as Hanwoo, Australian, American, and domestic Yukwoo. Previous studies usually used almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model to show the degree of substitution between meats especially domestic and foreign beef. This a real expenditure each individual and to explain what factors affect consumers especially focusing on various beef. Hence, previous studies used shares and prices as key variableshowever, this study use various socio-demographic variables, consumption tendency, satisfaction and importance for beef consumption, purchasing usage and part, etc. This study a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model to enhance efficiency of estimates because error terms of four beef consumption equations are correlated. For, an on-line survey was performed Aug. 5 - 14, and we obtained 979 effective samples. The results show that high income group (more than 700 mil. won per month) purchases more beef than other groups. The origin of orders is Hanwoo, Yukwoo, Australian beef, and American beef. A family who member purchases more Yukwoo than other groups. foreign affects beef consumption regardless of its origin. Individuals who think origin and taste prefer Hanwoo. However, individuals who think price prefer Australian beef.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1145-1157
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• 2003

The surface sediments inside Hallim Harbor, one of the major harbors of Jeju Island, were sampled three times (June, September and December, 2001) and analyzed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), recommended by US-EPA as priority pollutants, to assess their distribution levels and to suggest their possible origins. The concentrations of PAHs ranged from 19 to 496 ng/g on a dry weight basis with a mean value of 245 ng/g, and the levels were low to moderate in comparison with other areas in the world. Based on comparisons of individual and total PAH concentrations with effects-based and equilibrium partitioning-based on sediment quality guidelines, the potential for the biological effects were expected to be low. The sedimentary PAHs may be correlated with organic carbon and mud contents to some extent. From the examinations of the four PAH origin indices, such as LMW/HMW (low molecular weight 2-3 ring PAHs over high molecular weight 4-6 ring PAHs), phenanthrene/anthracene ratio, fluoranthene/pyrene ratio, chrysene/benzo〔a〕anthracene ratio, it can be concluded that the sediment PAH contaminations were ascribed to both pyrolytic and petrogenic origins.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1234-1240
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• 2015

Heat shock RNA 1 (HSR1) is described as a "eukaryotic heat-sensing noncoding RNA" that regulates heat shock response in human and other eukaryotic cells. Highly conserved HSR1 sequences have been identified from humans, hamsters, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. In a previous study, however, it was suggested that HSR1 had originated from a bacterial genome. HSR1 showed no detectible nucleotide sequence similarity to any eukaryotic sequences but harbored a protein coding region that showed amino-acid sequence similarity to bacterial voltage-gated chloride channel proteins. The bacterial origin of HSR1 was not convincible because the nucleotide sequence similarity was marginal. In this study, we have found that a genomic contig sequence of Comamonas testosteroni strain JL14 contained a sequence virtually identical to that of HSR1, decisively confirming the bacterial origin of HSR1. Thus, HSR1 is an exogenous RNA, which can ectopically trigger heat shock response in eukaryotes. Therefore, it is no longer appropriate to cite HSR1 as a "eukaryotic functional noncoding RNA."

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.302-304
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• 1994

In this paper, we introduce the current implementation status of the absolute position recognition technique using sonars for the navigation of a mobile robot. Using this technique, we have developed the supervisory controller of the autonomous vacuum cleaning robot which can recognize the user-specified origin, moves its body to the origin, and follow the specified trajectory starting from the origin. With the satisfactory results, we expect the autonomous cleaning robot to be commercialized in a very near future.