• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.153-156
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• 2010

Korean folk medicine 'GulGeoRiIp' has been used to gastroentric trouble and indigestion from drinking. The botanical origin of the crude drug has never been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of GulGeoRiIp, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Daphniphyllum species growing in Korea, i.e. Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. and D. glaucescens Blume were studied. As a result, GulGeoRiIp was proved to be the leaf of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.(Euphorbiaceae).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.193-196
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• 2003

Korean folk medicine 'Bong Seon Wha Dae' has been used to cure constipation and acute gastritis by meat. The botanical origin of the crude drug has not been studied pharmacogostically. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Bong Seon Wha Dae', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Impatiens species growing in Korea, I.e. I. Balsamina L., I. Noli-tan-gere L., I. Textori Miq. And I. textori Miq. for. pallenscens Hara were studied. As a result, 'Bong Seon Wha Dae' was proved to be the stem of I. Balsamina L.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.117
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• pp.191-222
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• 2011

Traditionally, the origin of the Han River has been thought as Utongsu(于筒水) and Geumgangyeon(金剛淵). As both of these places are located in Odaesan(五臺山) the $Ma{\tilde{n}}ju{\acute{s}}ri$(文殊) Holy Place, we can well assume the possibility of Buddhist influence on them. In the Buddhist understanding on the origin of the Han River, what we should first notice are 'the recognition on the water of Buddhism' and 'the recognition on the river in Indian culture.' With the reviews, we may come to see by what standpoint these could become existed, if there were Buddhist influences on the recognition of Han River's origin. Based on these Buddhist and Indo-cultural view points, the author tries to make more dearly the definition of Utongsu and Geumgangyeon that are recognized as the origin of the Han River. Through it, we can check the relation of Buddhism and Indian culture in their influence on the concepts of Utongsu and Geumgangyeon. In Indian culture, what is noticed in relation with the origin of the river is Anavatapta, in which the sacredness of the water named the 8 virtuous waters is recorded. It is the materialistic sacredness which can be compared with the sacred feature of Utongsu that "its color and taste are far greater than other waters, and so is its weight. ${\cdots}$ Its color and taste do not change even after it flows into the Han River." Furthermore, both of Anavatapta and Utongsu have the same symbolism of dragon that the highest dragon king and a divine dragon were told to live in respective lakes. This similar structure found in the recognition of two rivers' origin may become an evidence of Buddhist influence on the recognition of the Han River's origin. The recognition of the Han River's origin is based on the traditional culture. Therefore, it may be natural that there is the Buddhist culture in it. At the same time, some viewpoints of Chinese culture can be found in it. So, the traditional recognition on the Han River's origin comprises diversity and complexity of Indian and Chinese cultures together.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2011

Korean folk medicine 'SaCheolNaMuIp' has been used to cure jaundice. The botanical origin of the crude drug has been no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of 'SaCheolNaMuIp', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves of Euonymus species growing in Korea, i.e. E. japonica and E. fortunei var. radicans were studied. As a result, it was clarifyed that SaCheolNaMuIp was the leaf of Euonymus japonica.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.293-296
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• 2011

'JaGuiNaMu' is one of the Korean crude drugs used mainly to cure neuralgia, bone fracture, jaundice, and headache. With regard to the botanical origin of 'JaGuiNaMu', it has been considered to be Albizzia species of Leguminosae, but there was no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of 'JaGuiNaMu', the anatomical characteristics of the branch of Albizzia species growing wild in Korea, A. julibrissin and A. coreana were studied. As a result, it was clarified that 'JaGuiNaMu' was the branch of Albizzia julibrissin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2010

HooBakIp is one of the Korean crude drugs used mainly to cure a headache, apoplexy and dyspepsia. With regard to the botanical origin of HooBakIp, it has been considered to the Machilus thunbergii of Lauraceae in Korea. But there has no pharmacognostical conformation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of HooBakIp, the anatomical characteristics of the leaf of Machilus thunbergii, Machilus thunbergii var. obovata and Machilus japonica were studied. As a result, it was clarified that HooBakIp from Korea was the leaf of Machilus thunbergii.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Korean folk medicine 'DulGugWha' has been used to cure common cold, cough and chronic and acute gastiritis in Korea. The botanical origin of the crude drug has never been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of 'DulGugWha', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Chrysanthemum species growing in Korea, i.e. C. boreale, C. indicum, C. zawadskii and C. zawadskii var. latilobum were studied. As a result, 'DulGugWha' was proved to be the whole plant body of Chrysanthemum boreale of Compositae.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.45-70
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• 2015

Purpose - This study's purpose is to examine the effects of the country-of-origin antecedents on overall attitudes and the impact of overall attitudes on satisfaction and loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study provides useful insights into international female purchasing behavior in the cosmetic industry in South Korea. This study explores the elements of country-of-origin antecedents, (cultural interest, perception of brand image, perception of fashion, perception of product quality, perception of price, and perception of advertising), on overall attitudes as well as the effect of overall attitudes on satisfaction and loyalty. Results - The results show that the effects of such antecedents are significant. Additionally, the effect of overall attitudes on satisfaction and of satisfaction on loyalty were significant. Conclusions - The findings of this study provide some important practical implications. First, with customer brand awareness growing along with products standards, considering the concepts points of parities and points of differences, the Korean cosmetic industry should try to establish brand associations with natural organic ingredients in its cosmetic items, distinguishing them from the majority of non-Korean brands.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.1 s.140
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

The Chinese crude drug, 'Man Sam(蔓蔘)', which is derived from the root of Codonopsis plants of the family Campanulaceae, has been used as a tonic. In China, the same crude drug derived from Codonopsis plants, called 'Dang Same(?蔘)', has been used as remedies for anorexia, fatigue, cough, etc. Although Codonopsis roots have been widely used for medicinal purposes in Korea, the botanical origin of the crude drug has never been studied pharmcognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Man Sam', the root morphology and anatomy were examined for the Korean species of Codonopsis species, such as C. lanceolata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Trautv., C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. and C. ussuriensis (Rupr. et Maxim.) Hemsl. The study shows that 'Man Sam' is the root of Codonopsis pilosula.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.2 s.125
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• pp.128-134
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• 2001

The Korean folk medicine 'Am Cho' has been used as the folk remedy for diuretic, stomach and liver cancer. The botanical origin of the crude drug has not been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Am Cho', the comparative morphological and anatomical characteristics have been studied of Lepisorus species growing wild in Korea, i.e. L. annuifrons, L. onoei, L. thunbergianus, L. ussuriensis and 'Am Cho' form Korea. As a result, it was clarified that 'Am Cho' from Korea was derived from Lepisorus onoei.