• 한국의사학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2008

The concept of health has existed through the history of mankind; the recognition and adaptation of such concept has transformed over time with the development of culture throughout the age of humans. These concept wasn't absent in the content East Asian Medicines, which is represented by Huangdi's Internal Classic. However, due to imperialism and colonial polocies in the past, biomedical concepts of health has been accepted with force. The concept of "health" in pathological medicines of biomedicine refers to the of anatomical and biological completeness of the body system. In East Asia, Korean especially, a number of concepts regarding these subjects has been informed by Japanese physicians, such as Hukujawa Yukichi. Understanding the idea of body in the angle of philosophy, history, and medicine in the cultural area of East Asia is necessary.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2004

This thesis aims to provide an analytical basis for existing or new prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines. To this end, prescriptions presented in the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases of Plain Questions were analyzed based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. This thesis focused on symptoms and prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines, which were described in the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases of Plain Questions with regard to the year when Taeyang is affecting the earth energy and the cold energy is partially over-abundant. Those symptoms and prescriptions originate from the theory of the five elements and six climates. The symptoms were analyzed from the perspective of physiology. The prescriptions were first analyzed based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. Then, a mix formula of oriental medicines pursuant to those prescriptions was studied. Lastly, established prescriptions, which were in conformity with the above prescriptions, were selected. From the physiological point of view, symptoms with regard to the year when Taeyang is affecting the earth energy and the cold energy is partially over-abundant can be, based on the theory of the five elements and six climates, diagnosed as the symptoms from impaired heart due to excessive cold energy. Established prescriptions pursuant to prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines can be broken down into the following: Cassia Twig, White Peony and Anemarrhena Decoction (Gyejijakyakjimotang); Rhemannia Bolus with Eight Herbs (Palmijihoanghoan); Back to the Left Pill (Joaguihoan); Bone-Strengthening Pill (Hojamhoan); Major Eum-Replenishing Pill (Daeboeumhoan). Therefore, symptoms of six kinds of weather presented in the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases of Plain Questions can be analyzed from the physiological point of view. As a result, in addition to the methodology that analyzes existing prescriptions within the boundary of the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it is expected that a theoretical basis for new prescriptions can be provided by analyzing established prescriptions based on prescriptions from the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

Although the theory of Sasang Consititution is widely used in oriental clinic, there is only conceptual definition about the constitution not technical definition which is consented by every experts. In the present, the effect and different responses of constitutional medicines is the most widely accepted criteria among technical definitions. However, these medicines consist of several herbs which are included specific constitution. So, it is hard to define the characters about the Sasang Constitution through analysis of the medicines. In this paper, we collected the various information about the constitutional herbs, and constructed database and web application for accessing this information. It is useful and can be basis for finding the characteristics of constitutional medicines.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2012

The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Houttuynia cordata was assessed in poloxamer-407 induced hyperlipidemic mice model. The butanol fraction and its isolated compound, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, significantly reduced the blood triglyceride and total-cholesterol level and increased the blood HDL-cholesterol level. They also showed the significant reductive effect on the blood AST and ALT level, rising in proportion to the liver damage, in hyperlipidemic mice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.869-873
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• 2012

Balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts is important in bone homeostasis. Unusual balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts leads to bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Saururus chinensis has been widely used in oriental medicine. Saururus chinensis has been known that has antioxidant and anticancer effect. But, the effect of Saururus chinensis in osteoclast differentation remains unknown. We examined the effect of Saururus chinensis in receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. From the results of our study, we found that saururus chinensis clearly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMM) in a dose dependent manner without toxicity. Saururus chinensis inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, P38, AKT, and ERK induced by RANKL. The mRNA expression of NFATc1, TRAP, and OSCAR induced by RANKL was inhibited by Saururus chinensis treatment. Moreover Saururus chinensis suppressed the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 in BMMs treated with RANKL. These results suggest that Saururus chinensis may be a useful drug in the treatment of bone-related disease.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2004

The pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines have not been clearly defined in spite of their effective use in treating many diseases throughout the world. Many Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional medicine in far eastern countries including Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental drugs prevent allergic disease in vivo or in vitro models. Some Korean folk medicine inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect on systemic or local anaphylaxis reaction. Potential anti-anaphylactic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum-Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryong-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; Cichorium intybus; Perilla frutescens; Vitex rotundifolia; Terminalia chebula; Siberian Ginseng; Solanum melongena; Gahmi-Shini-San; Alpinia oxyphylla; Acanthopanax senticosus root; Prunella vulgaris; Allergina; Ixeris dentate; Acanthopanax senticosus stem; Tongkyutang; Salvia plebeia; Rubus coreanus; Sinpo- Tang; Dodutang; Forsythia fructus; Xanthii fructus; and Purple bamboo slat. Ensuring the effects and understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2008

This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the recovery effects of herbal medicines on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In the present study, the recovery effects of 251 herbal medicines on THLE-2 cells that had been damaged by acetaminophen were evaluated using an MTS assay. THLE-2 cells were cultured in 96-well plates and then pretreated with or without 60 ${\mu}M$ acetaminophen (${IC}_{50}$ value: 35.84) for 1 hr. Next, different herbal medicines were added to the wells, after which the cells were reincubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. After first round of screening, the candidate herbal medicines were selected based on a recovery rate of greater than 40% and their efficacy were then determined by dose response kinetic analysis. Among these extracts, 8 herbal medicines (Terminalia chebula, Pueraria lobata, Acronychia laurifolia, Lopatherum gracile, Oroxylum indicum, Cynanchum atratum, Senecio scandens, and Sophora flavescens) had a strong recovery effect on acetaminophen-induced damage in THLE-2 cells. Dose response non-linear regression analysis demonstrated that Senecio scandens showed the best recovery rate (98%), and that its ${EC}_{50}$ was 19.54 ng/mL. Additional studies of these herbal medicines should be conducted to determine if they possess novel therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of liver disorders.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1848-1852
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• 2008

Salmonella remains a primary cause of food poisoning worldwide, and massive outbreaks have been witnessed in recent years. Therefore, this study investigated the antimicrobial activity of methyl gallate (MG), which exhibited good antibacterial activity ($MIC=3.9-125{\mu}g/ml$) against all the bacterial strains tested. In a checkerboard dilution test, MG markedly lowered the MICs of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) against Salmonella. The combined activity of CPFX and MG against Salmonella resulted in fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) ranging from 0.0037 to 0.015 and from 0.24 to $7.8{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Meanwhile, the FIC index ranged from 0.31-0.37, indicating a marked synergistic relationship between CPFX and MG against Salmonella. Time-kill assays also showed a decrease in the CFU/ml between the combination and the more active compound. Therefore, this study demonstrated that MG and CPFX can act synergistically in inhibiting Salmonella in vitro.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2019

Background: In colorectal cancer (CRC), 40-60% of patients develop metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal and intricate process that increases the metastatic potential of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on colorectal metastasis through inhibition of EMT and the metastatic abilities of CRC cells. Methods: To investigate the effect of RGE on the metastatic phenotypes of CRC cells, CT26 and HT29 cells were evaluated by using an adhesion assay, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, zymography, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western-blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RGE, which showed an inhibitory effect on the transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)-induced EMT in HT29 cells. Additionally, the antimetastatic effect of RGE was evaluated in a mouse model of lung metastasis injected with CT26 cells. Results: RGE decreased the adhesion and migration ability of the CT26 cells and TGF-${\beta}1$-treated HT29 cells. The invasion ability was also reduced by RGE treatment through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity. Moreover, RGE suppressed the TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT via TGF-${\beta}1$/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression in HT29 cells and lung tissue in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that RGE inhibited colorectal lung metastasis through a reduction in metastatic phenotypes, such as migration, invasion, and the EMT of CRC cells.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

Objectives : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TG) that leads to inflammation and fibrosis. Crataegi Fructus ethanol extract (CE) is a korean traditional herb that used for digestive diseases. It has been investigated that CE has the effect that prevent hepatotoxicity caused by CCl4 or GaIN and regulate the inflammatory in several organs. However, a hypolipidemic effect of CF has not been reported. Methods : The purpose of this study is that examine the lipid accumulation inhibitory effect of CE on NAFLD. We checked the body and liver weight change of MCD-diet induced mice with/without administration of CE. The blood lipid levels of C57BL/6J mice were checked by biochemistry. Also we observed the liver histology of MCD-diet induced mice and investigate the molecular mechanisms in MCD-diet-induced NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice. Results : CE improved MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation and TG and TC levels. Also, CE decreased hepatic lipogenesis such as SREBP-1, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, ACC and FAS. Besides, we also found out that CE increased AMPK phosphorylation. These results indicated that CE has the same ability to activate AMPK and then reduce SREBP-1, and FAS expression, finally leading to inhibit hepatic lipogenesis and hepatic antioxidative ability. Conclusions : In this report, we found CE exerted a regulatory effect on lipid accumulation by decreasing lipogenesis in MCD-diet induced NAFLD model. Therefore, CE extract may be active in the prevention of fatty liver.