• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of pork and beef meat according to species (pork: modern genotype pork, Korean native black pork; beef: Holstein, Korean native cattle) and cuts (pork: shoulder, ham, loin; beef: loin, tenderness, round). Methods: The moisture content, protein content, fat content, ash content, fatty acid compositions pH, whater holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, color, and sensory characteristics were measured in triplicate. Results: The moisture content, pH, cooking loss, and shear force of modern genotype pork were significantly higher than the Korean native black pork; in addition, the moisture content of loin was significantly higher than shoulder and ham. The fatty acid compositions for different parts of pork showed no significant differences. Among the sensory characteristics, the parameters of pork were not significantly different. The moisture content of Holstein was significantly higher than Korean native cattle. The fatty acid composition of beef could not confirm the specific differences. Water holding capacity of Korean native cattle was higher than Holstein, while cooking loss of Korean native cattle was lower than Holstein. Overall acceptability scores of Korean native cattle was higher than Holstein. Conclusion: The study results of several parameters in selected raw meat samples provide useful information for developing new strategies to improve the quality of meat products consumption.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of carcass grade on the hardness, myofibrillar fragmentations index, protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of myofibril and actomyosin obtained from 1, 2, 3 and D carcass grade)subgrade) in Korean native cow. Proximate component, hardness, chewiness, myofibril fragmentation index, protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity if myofibril or actomyosin were not significantly different between 1st and 2nd carcass grade loin. The hardness and chewiness of 2nd carcass grade loin's were significantly lower than 3th grade loin's, but the myofibril fragmentation index, sarcoplasmic protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of myofibril were higher. The myofibrillar protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of actomyosin obtained from 3th carcase grade loin's were significantly higher than D grade loin's, but the hardness, chewiness and stroma protein extractability were lower. In conclusion, the degree of toughness in Korean native cow's loin was not significantly different between 1st and 2nd grade, but 3rd and D carcass grade were significantly higher, regardless of before and after aging.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.428-437
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• 2008

To identify transcriptional markers for beef traits related to meat tenderness and moisture, we measured the transcriptome of the Longissimus dorsi skeletal muscle in 10 Korean native cattle (KNC). We analyzed the correlation between the beef transcriptome and measurements of four different beef traits, shear force (SF), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), and loin eye area (LEA). We obtained non-overlapping and unique panels of genes showing strong correlations (${\mid}r{\mid}$ > 0.8) with SF, WHC, CL, and LEA, respectively. Functional studies of these genes indicated that SF was mainly related to energy metabolism, and LEA to rRNA processing. Interestingly, our data suggested that WHC is influenced by protein metabolism. Overall, the skeletal muscle transcriptome pointed to the importance of energy and protein metabolism in determining meat quality after the aging process. The panels of transcripts for beef traits may be useful for predicting meat tenderness and moisture.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary Kocetin$^{TM}$ on meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) beef. Samples were divided into 3 groups; dietary supplementation of Kocetin$^{TM}$ (KC) at 21 and 42 ppm (n=4), and non-supplemented control (n=3) for 75 days. The KC composed of 10% of quercetin which was a bioactive compound. After slaughtering the Hanwoo, each loin from 10 Hanwoos were obtained and analyzed. Dietary supplementation of KC did not affect the final pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, surface color, total phenolics content, radical scavenging activity, and sensory scores. Dietary quercetin also showed no difference in both TBARS and VBN values. Textural profile analysis results also showed no difference, except for adhesiveness and springness. Springness was significantly higher in loin from Hanwoo treated by dietary KC at 42 ppm when compared to control. Results revealed that the loin from Hanwoo fed dietary KC up to 42 ppm (approximately 4.2 ppm of quercetin) was not sufficient to have clear positive effects on meat quality of loin.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.511-519
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• 1999

To prevent the denaturation of ficin(EC 3.4.22.3) that is a proteolytic enzyme in fig(Ficus carica L.), fig conserve was heated to 55oC. The fig conserve was added as a tenderizer to native Korean cattle beef(KCB), dairy cattle beef(DCB), castrated dairy cattle beef(CDCB), and imported beef(IB). The composition of free amino acids, hydroxyproline content, shear force, cooking loss, morphological changes and sensory evaluation were then investigated to observe the effect of tenderizing beef with fig conserve. Free amino acids and cooking loss of treated beef were higher than those of control, whereas hydroxyproline and shear force were lower. Glutamine in treated beef decreased relatively but asparagine increased. Hydroxyproline was found, in increasing order of abundance, in DCB, CDCB, IB and KCB. By portion, loin was higher than tenderloin in free amino acids, hydroxyproline and shear force but was lower in cooking loss. Observation with a light microgram revealed a surprising loss of muscle fiber in treated beef. In sensory evaluation of uncooked beef, the control was redder than the treated beef(p<0.01~p<0.05). Treatment with fig conserve increased the juiciness of both cooked CDCB and IB(p<0.001) and decreased their hardness(p<0.01~p<0.001).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.551-569
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• 2024

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the changes in the biochemical characteristics and biological activity of peptide extracts derived from Chickso, Hanwoo, and Wagyu beef during digestion. The results of the in vitro digestion analysis revealed that the digestion rate, total free amino acid content, and antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of Chickso loin and shank myofibrillar proteins were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of Hanwoo and Wagyu loin and shank myofibrillar proteins. Particularly, the peptide extracts of Chickso loin and shank had a high angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. In mice in vivo digestion experiment, the blood serum of mice fed with Chickso loin peptide extract (<10 kDa) showed the highest antioxidant enzyme activity. Thus, Chickso peptide extracts were deemed to be similar or more bioactive than Hanwoo and Wagyu peptide extracts, and can be used as bioactive materials.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.540-545
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• 2007

본 연구는 감귤박 급여가 한우등심의 이화학적 특성 및 기호성에 미치는 영향을 연구할 목적으로 수행하였다. 시료는 감귤박을 급여하지 않은 한우등심(TMR-0)과 감귤박을 급여한 한우등심(TMR-1)으로 하였다. TMR-0는 비육우용 배합사료와 건초를 분리 급여하면서 관행적으로 사육하였으며, TMR-1은 육성기 및 비육전기 일부(약 17개월)는 TMR-0와 같은 방법으로 사육한 후 나머지 10개월(비육전기 및 후기) 동안은 감귤부산물 TMR 사료를 급여하였다. 한우등심의 명도, 적색도 및 황색도는 TMR-0 및 TMR-1 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. pH는 TMR-1이 TMR-0보다 유의적으로 낮았으며, VBN함량, TBARS값 및 EDA는 TMR-0 및 TMR-1 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 한우등심의 보수력, 동결감량 및 가열감량은 TMR-0 및 TMR-1사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었지만, 해동감량은 TMR-0(7.35%)가 TMR-1(3.04%)보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 한우등심의 경도는 TMR-0가 TMR-1보다 높고, 탄성은 TMR-1이 TMR-0보다 유의적으로 높았으며, 응집성, 뭉침성, 저작성 및 전단력은 TMR-0 및 TMR-1 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 저장 중 pH 및 VBN 함량은 TMR-0 및 TMR-1사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었지만, TBARS값은 저장 4주째 TMR-1이 TMR-0보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 생육의 색깔 및 향기는 TMR-0 및 TMR-1 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 가열육의 풍미 및 연도는 TMR-1이 TMR-0보다 유의적으로 우수하였으며, 맛, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호도는 TMR-0 및 TMR-1 사이에 유의성이 없었다(p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to examine the performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean native beef cattle) heifers and the fatty acid composition of muscle tissues of the heifers when the animals fed diets containing four levels of dried wormwood (Artemisia sp.). For the experiment the animals were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and concentrate mixed at 3:7 ratio (on DM basis). The treatments were designed as a completely randomized design with two feeding periods. Heifers were allotted in one of four dietary treatments, which were designed to progressively substitute dried wormwood for 0, 3, 5 and 10% of the rice straw in the basal diet. There was no difference in body weight gain throughout the entire period between the treatment groups. Feed conversion rate was improved (p<0.05) only by the 3% dried wormwood inclusion treatment compared with the basal treatment. Carcass weight, carcass yield and backfat thickness of all treatment groups were not altered by wormwood inclusion. The 5% dried wormwood inclusion significantly increased (p<0.05) the size of loin-eye area over the other treatments. The higher levels (5 and 10%) of dried wormwood inclusion resulted in the higher (p<0.05) water holding capacity (WHC) in loin than the lower levels (0 and 3%) of wormwood inclusion. The redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values of meat color were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the top round muscle of heifers fed the diet containing 3% dried wormwood. There was a profound effect of the progressively increased intake of dried wormwood led to the linear increase of unsaturated fatty acid content and the linear decrease of saturated fatty acid content in the muscle tissues of Hanwoo heifers. It is concluded that the feeding diets containing dried wormwood substituted for equal weights of rice straw at 5% levels would be anticipated to provide better quality roughage for beef heifer production and economical benefits for beef cattle producers.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2010

본 연구는 수소 및 거세우(24-30개월) 15두(각 육질등급별 3두씩)를 공시축으로 이용하여 우육의 부위(목심, 채끝, 우둔, 양지머리, 등심)에 따른 육질등급($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1, 2, 3)별 일반성분, pH, 육색, 보수력, 가열감량, 콜레스테롤 및 트랜스지방산 함량을 조사하였다. 일반성분에서 단백질함량은 16.66-22.64% 범위고 수분함량은 57.40-75.69% 범위 였으며 지방함량은 0.61-24.74%로 나타났다. 육질등급별 단백질함량은 $1^{++}$등급 목심, 채끝, 양지머리, 등심부위가 16.66-19.26%범위로 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 나타난 반면에 3등급에서는 21.50-22.48%로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 수분함량은 3등급이 다른 육질등급에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면에 지방함량은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). pH는 5.49-5.88범위로 $1^+$등급 목심(5.61)과 채끝(5.51)이 3등급 목심(5.88), 채끝(5.92)부위보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타난 반면에 우둔과 양지머리 및 등심부위에서는 육질등급 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지않았다(p>0.05). $L^*$은 $1^{++}$ 등급육이 38.52-42.69범위로 3등급육(33.02-36.08)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). $1^{++}$, 2등급 등심의 $L^*$은 각각 42.69, 40.15로 우둔부위(38.52, 35.42)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). $a^*$은 3등급 채끝(15.36)과 등심부위(18.48)가 1등급 채끝과 등심부위(23.35, 28.11)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 보수력은 등급 또는 부위에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 가열감량은 $1^{++}$ 등급 등심부위(22.21)가 3등급(27.67%)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05) $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1 등급 우둔과 양지머리부위가 28.98-31.39% 범위로 채끝과 등심부위(22.21-24.81%)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량(mg/100 g)은 $1^{++}$(41.26), $1^+$(43.23), 1등급(48.63) 등심이 2(36.02), 3등급(29.84)보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타냈으며(p<0.05) $1^+$(43.23), 1등급 등심(48.63)이 $1^+$, 1등급 우둔부위(36.64, 35.39)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 트랜스지방산 함량은 1.08-2.62% 범위로 3등급이 다른 육질등급에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과는 한우의 육질등급별로 일반성분 및 콜레스테롤과 트랜스지방산 함량에 대한 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.726-735
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• 2009

본 연구는 국립축산과학원 한우시험장에서 사육된 한우 육질등급($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1, 2, 3)과 5부위(chuck, strip loin, top round, brisket, loin) 간에 따른 전단력, 근절길이와 콜라겐 함량을 조사하고자 실시하였으며, 수소 및 거세우(24-30개월) 총 15두(5등급$\times$3두)를 공시 축으로 이용하였다. 전단력은 $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1등급에서 목심은 각각 5.47 kg/0.5 $inch^2$, 5.46 kg/0.5 $inch^2$, 6.54 kg/0.5 $inch^2$로 3등급 목심(8.41 kg/0.5 $inch^2$)보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1등급에서 양지는 등심 및 채끝부위보다 유의적으로 가장 높았으며(p<0.05) $1^+$등급에서 양지(3.24 kg/0.5 $inch^2$)는 등심(1.00 kg/0.5 $inch^2$)과 채끝(1.13 kg/0.5 $inch^2$)보다 전단력수치가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 육질등급 간에 근절길이는 $1^{++}$등급 양지부위가 3.72um으로 유의적으로 가장 길었고 3등급에서는 1.62로 가장 짧았다. $1^{++}$등급과 2등급에서 양지부위의 근절길이가 채끝 및 우둔부위보다 유의적으로 길게 나타났다(p<0.05). 총 콜라겐함량은 $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1등급에서 채끝부위가 각각 1.17, 1.18, 1.14로 유의적으로 낮았던 반면 3등급 채끝부위가 1.63으로 유의적으로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 3등급에서는 양지부위가 3.22로 등심 및 채끝, 목심, 우둔부위보다 콜라겐의 함량이 유의적으로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 한우고기를 육질등급에 따라 5부위를 탕, 구이와 스테이크의 3가지로 관능적인 특성을 조사한 결과 요리형태 탕, 구이와 스테이크의 관능평가에서 $1^{++}$등급이 다른 등급과 비교하였을 때 연도와 다즙성이 유의적으로 가장 높았던 반면에 3등급 한우고기는 연도와 다즙성이 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 평가되었다(p<0.05). 부위에 따라서는 등심부위가 탕, 구이와 스테이크의 관능평가에서 연도와 다즙성이 유의적으로 가장 높았으며 우둔부위가 유의적으로 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구결과 한우고기는 전단력 및 관능 특성이 5부위 모두 육질등급 및 부위에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 한편 근절길이 및 콜라겐 함량은 부위에 따라 차이는 있었으나 목심, 우둔 및 등심부위의 경우 육질등급에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.