• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.950-968
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• 2020

This study derives the modern characteristics of the paisley ornament through an analysis of the paisley ornament shown in fashion since the 2010s based on a theoretical review of the paisley ornament used in Kashmir India shawls for artistic inspiration in the fashion-textile field. It classified the paisley ornament in fashion since the 2010s into types of 'basic structure of body and coif', 'abnormal paisley ornament shapes', 'complex structure of paisley ornament', 'complex structure with other motif', 'a pair of symmetrical reflection motif', 'regular of repetitive arrangement', 'complex arrangement of irregularity and regularity' and 'free arrangement of irregularity'. A comparative analysis with the historical paisley ornament shows that paisley ornaments have contemporary characteristics like 'Bisector structure of centerline in criterion of the body', 'Composite structure of extended 1-repeat', and 'Free structure of engineered placement'. A modern design was inspired by the historical art forms; however, it was used in free utilization of motifs and patterns in terms of size, direction, proportion and space. These were the expression of a design identity that originated from the aesthetic ability and career of a designer as well as the technology of computer programs for the improvements in time and cost efficiency.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2008

Expression of the seven open reading frames (ORFs) of single-stranded DNA Curtoviruses such as Beet curly top virus (BCTV) and Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) is driven by a bi-directional promoter. To investigate this bidirectional promoter activity with respect to viral late gene expression, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a GUS reporter gene under the control of either the BCTV or BSCTV bi-directional promoter were constructed. Transgenic plants harboring constructs showed higher expression levels when the promoter of the less virulent BCTV was used than when the promoter of the more virulent BSCTV was used. In transgenic seedlings, the reporter gene constructs were expressed primarily in actively dividing tissues such as root tips and apical meristems. As the transgenic plants matured, reporter gene expression diminished but viral infection of mature transgenic plants restored reporter gene expression, particularly in transgenic plants containing BCTV virion-sense gene promoter constructs. A 30 base pair conserved late element (CLE) motif was identified that was present three times in tandem in the BCTV promoter and once in that of BSCTV. Progressive deletion of these repeats from the BCTV promoter resulted in decreased reporter gene expression, but BSCTV promoters in which one or two extra copies of this motif were inserted did not exhibit increased late gene promoter activity. These results demonstrate that Curtovirus late gene expression by virion-sense promoters depends on the developmental stage of the host plant as well as on the number of CLE motifs present in the promoter.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 1998

Matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)는 배발생 및 재조직화 등의 정상적인 생체형성과 관절염, 암전이, 치근막염, 골조송증 등의 질병과정에서 collagen이나 proteoglycan과 같은 세포외기질의 구성성분을 분해하는 아연(zinc)효소군이다. 지금까지 다양한 종에서 mmp의 유전자가 클로닝되고 그 기능이 연구되어 왔지만 아직 어류에서는 연구결과가 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 한국의 부산연안에 많은 연골어유 투툽상어(Scylliorhinus toraxzame)로부터 RT-PCR(reverse transcriptase dependent polymerase chain reaction)의방법으로 mmp cDNA의 일부를 클로닝하였다. 이것은 염기서열에서 인간, 쥐 및 닭의 membrane type matrix matalloproteinase-3(mt3-mmps)의 염기서열과 74% 동일성을 보이며, 아미노산서열에서는 90%이상의 동일성을 갖고 있다. 또한 MMP에 나타나는 cysteine switch domain, zinc binding domain(HExGH motif), propeptide cleavage site, and RRKR motif등을 가지고 있다. 이러한 결과로부터 본 연구에서 클로닝된 RT-PCR단편은 두툽상어의 mt3-mmp 또는 이와 유사한 유전자의 cDNA이라 믿어진다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권11호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2007

본 논문은 인간이 동물로 혹은 동물이 인간으로 변신한 작품을 중심으로 애니메이션의 변신 모티프에 내재된 사상적 토대는 무엇인지, 그리고 변신 모티프가 서사에 어떤 의미와 기능을 부여하는지를 살펴보았다. 변신 모티프를 중심으로 한 애니메이션 텍스트 분석의 결과 <브라더 베어>는 동물로의 변신이 징벌의 개념으로 작용하고 있으며 동물이란 인간이 돌봐야 할 대상, 즉 정복과 극복의 대상으로 보는 인간 중심적 관점이 강하게 작용하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면, <곰이 되고 싶어요>는 소년이 곰이 되어가는 과정을 통해 자연(동물)을 정복의 대상이 아니라 대자연의 순리를 겸허한 시선으로 바라봄으로써 삶과 자연, 자연과 인간에 대한 깊은 성찰을, <천년여우 여우비>는 금지된 것에 대한 경계를 넘고자 하는 주체적 존재에 대한 시선을 견지하는 등 각 작품마다 인간과 자연(동물)의 관계를 다양한 관점으로 표현하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2020

Bacterial surface display systems have been developed for various applications in biotechnology and industry. Particularly, the discovery and design of anchoring motifs is highly important for the successful display of a target protein or peptide on the surface of bacteria. In this study, an efficient display system on Escherichia coli was developed using novel anchoring motifs designed from the E. coli mipA gene. Using the C-terminal fusion system of an industrial enzyme, Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, six possible fusion sites, V¹⁴⁰, V¹⁷⁶, K¹⁷⁹, V²²⁶, V²³², and K²³⁴, which were truncated from the C-terminal end of the mipA gene (MV¹⁴⁰, MV¹⁷⁶, MV¹⁷⁹, MV²²⁶, MV²³², and MV²³⁴) were examined. The whole-cell lipase activities showed that MV¹⁴⁰ was the best among the six anchoring motifs. Furthermore, the lipase activity obtained using MV¹⁴⁰ as the anchoring motif was approximately 20-fold higher than that of the previous anchoring motifs FadL and OprF but slightly higher than that of YiaTR232. Western blotting and confocal microscopy further confirmed the localization of the fusion lipase displayed on the E. coli surface using the truncated MV¹⁴⁰. Additionally the MV¹⁴⁰ motif could be used for successfully displaying another industrial enzyme, α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis. These results showed that the fusion proteins using the MV¹⁴⁰ motif had notably high enzyme activities and did not exert any adverse effects on either cell growth or outer membrane integrity. Thus, this study shows that MipA can be used as a novel anchoring motif for more efficient bacterial surface display in the biotechnological and industrial fields.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2020

The root meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana is protected by the root cap, the size of which is tightly regulated by the balance between the formative cell divisions and the dispersal of the outermost cells. We isolated an enhancer-tagged dominant mutant displaying the short and twisted root by the overexpression of ZINC-FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (ZAT1) encoding an EAR motif-containing zinc-finger protein. The growth inhibition by ZAT1 was shared by ZAT4 and ZAT9, the ZAT1 homologues. The ZAT1 promoter was specifically active in the outermost cells of the root cap, in which ZAT1-GFP was localized when expressed by the ZAT1 promoter. The outermost cell-specific expression pattern of ZAT1 was not altered in the sombrero (smb) or smb bearskin1 (brn1) brn2 accumulating additional root-cap layers. In contrast, ZAT4-GFP and ZAT9-GFP fusion proteins were distributed to the inner root-cap cells in addition to the outermost cells where ZAT4 and ZAT9 promoters were active. Overexpression of ZAT1 induced the ectopic expression of PUTATIVE ASPARTIC PROTEASE3 involved in the programmed cell death. The EAR motif was essential for the growth inhibition by ZAT1. These results suggest that the three related ZATs might regulate the maturation of the outermost cells of the root cap.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.842-852
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• 2018

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway and involves in the regulation of various cellular and developmental processes. Ligand binding releases the intracellular domain of Notch receptor (NICD), which interacts with DNA-bound CSL [CBF1/Su(H)/Lag-1] to activate transcription of target genes. In the absence of NICD binding, CSL down-regulates target gene expression through the recruitment of various corepressor proteins including SMRT/NCoR (silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors/nuclear receptor corepressor), SHARP (SMRT/HDAC1-associated repressor protein), and KyoT2. Structural and functional studies revealed the molecular basis of these interactions, in which NICD coactivator and corepressor proteins competitively bind to ${\beta}-trefoil$ domain (BTD) of CSL using a conserved ${\varphi}W{\varphi}P$ motif (${\varphi}$ denotes any hydrophobic residues). To date, there are conflicting ideas regarding the molecular mechanism of SMRT-mediated repression of CSL as to whether CSL-SMRT interaction is direct or indirect (via the bridge factor SHARP). To solve this issue, we mapped the CSL-binding region of SMRT and employed a 'one- plus two-hybrid system' to obtain CSL interaction-defective mutants for this region. We identified the CSL-interaction module of SMRT (CIMS; amino acid 1816-1846) as the molecular determinant of its direct interaction with CSL. Notably, CIMS contains a canonical ${\varphi}W{\varphi}P$ sequence (APIWRP, amino acids 1832-1837) and directly interacts with CSL-BTD in a mode similar to other BTD-binding corepressors. Finally, we showed that CSL-interaction motif, rather than SHARP-interaction motif, of SMRT is involved in transcriptional repression of NICD in a cell-based assay. These results strongly suggest that SMRT participates in CSL-mediated repression via direct binding to CSL.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2002

Topoisomearse II is an essential enzyme in all organisms with several independent roles in DNA metabolism. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the C-terminal region of topoisomerases II is associated with hetero-logous protein-protein interactions in human and yeast. In this study, we identified that RTP1, a rat homologue of EIA binding protein BS69, is another topoisomerae II interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening. RTP1 has an E1A-binding domain and a MYND motif, which are known to be required for transcriptional regulation by binding to other proteins and interaction with the leucine zipper motif of topoisomerase II. The physical interaction between RTP1 and topoisomerase ll$\alpha$ was examined by GST pull-down assay in vitro. The expression level of RTP1 peaks in S phase as that of topoisomerase ll$\alpha$. These results suggest that the interaction between topoisomerase ll$\alpha$ and RTP1 might play an important role in regulating the transcription of genes involved in DNA metabolism in higher eukaryotes.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2009

As fashion brand logos have been used conspicuously, they have been recognized as a part of the product design. Since the 2000s, fashion designers have actively begun to apply fashion brand logos to product designs by transforming, patterning, and distorting, so the importance of fashion brand logos were emphasized. This article has attempted to establish the implications between fashion brand personality and the motif which is applied to a fashion brand logo. 27 of fashion brand logos were chosen because they are easy to access and have a history of more than 10 years. As a result, these 27 logos were categorized into 5 animal motifs: a horse, a bird, a snake, a dog and a tiger. In recent years, numerous studies have found that the appearance and behavior of an animal affects their symbol system which is recognized by humans. To deduce the symbolism which is communicated by a brand logo, archetypical symbols of 5 animals were analyzed as mentioned and the brand personality and image of 27 brands. As a result, there are implications between the archetypical symbol of animal motifs and a brand image and brand personality. A majority of the adjectives which express the archetypical symbolism of animal motifs as well as brand image and brand personality are similar. Moreover, the personalities of fashion brands categorized by animal motifs are different from each other, so how each animal motif communicates different images and symbols was explored.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.485-486
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• 2017

Many intrinsically unstructured/unfolded proteins (IUPs) contain transient local secondary structures even though they are "unstructured" in a tertiary sense. These local secondary structures are named "pre-structured motifs (PreSMos)" and in fact are the specificity determinants for IUP-target binding, i.e., the active sites in IUPs. Using high-resolution NMR we have delineated a PreSMo active site in the intrinsically unfolded mid-domain (residues 201-300) of SUMO-specific protease 4 (SUSP4). This 29-residue motif which we termed a p53 rescue motif can protect p53 from mdm2 quenching by binding to the p53-helix binding pocket in mdm2(3-109). Our work demonstrates that the PreSMo approach is quite effective in providing a structural rationale for interactions of p53-mdm2-SUSP4 and opens a novel avenue for designing mdm2-inhibiting anticancer compounds.