• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 1999

The physical map of bacteriophage $\PhiFC1$ DNA was constructed with the restriction endonucleases SalI, BamHI, EcoRI, XbaI, and AvaI. The 40.5-kb DNA restriction map is shown to be circularly permuted representing the headful packaging mechanism of the phage. The DNA restriction fragments containing the packaging initiation site(pac) was localized on the restriction map and the nucleotide sequences of the region were analyzed. Four open reading frames (ORFs), following one another with the same orientation, were found at the region. The 2nd ORF (ORF-ts) has significant amino acid sequence homologies to the previously known terminase small subunits of other bacteriophages. The putative terminase small subunit gene has a presumptive NTP-hydrolysis motif and a helix-turn-helix motif. The cleavage site for the first round of packaging was found to be located at the coding sequence of the putative terminase small subunit gene. The fourth ORF, even if partially sequenced, has a good amino acid sequence homology to the portal vertex proteins of other bacteriophages representing the evolutionarily conserved arrangements of genes near the pac site of this bacteriophage, $\PhiFC1$.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2002

Eukaryotic replication protein A (RPA) is a single-stranded(ss) DNA binding protein with multiple functions in DNA replication, repair, and genetic recombination. The 70-kDa subunit of eukaryotic RPA contains a conserved four cysteine-type zinc-finger motif that has been implicated in the regulation of DNA replication and repair. Recently, we described a novel function for the zinc-finger motif in the regulation of human RPA's ssDNA binding activity through reduction-oxidation (redox). Here, we show that yeast RPA's ssDNA binding activity is regulated by redox potential through its RPA32 and/or RPA14 subunits. Yeast RPA requires a reducing agent, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), for its ssDNA binding activity. Also, under non-reducing conditions, its DNA binding activity decreases 20 fold. In contrast, the RPA 70 subunit does not require DTT for its DNA binding activity and is not affected by the redox condition. These results suggest that all three subunits are required for the regulation of RPA's DNA binding activity through redox potential.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.254-259
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• 2004

The wild-type and temperature-sensitive (ts) repressor genes were cloned from the temperate mycobacteriophage L1 and its mutant L1cIts391, respectively. A sequencing analysis revealed that the $131^{st}$ proline residue of the wild-type repressor was changed to leucine in the ts mutant repressor. The 100% identity that was discovered between the two DNA regions of phages L1 and L5, carrying the same sets of genes including their repressor genes, strengthened the speculation that L1 is a minor variant of phage L5 or vice versa. A comparative analysis of the repressor proteins of different mycobacteriophages suggests that the mycobacteriophage-specific repressor proteins constitute a new family of repressors, which were possibly evolved from a common ancestor. Alignment of the mycobacteriophage-specific repressor proteins showed at least 7 blocks (designated I-VII) that carried 3-8 identical amino acid residues. The amino acid residues of blocks V, VI, and some residues downstream to block VI are crucial for the function of the L1 (or L5) repressor. Blocks I and II possibly form the turn and helix 2 regions of the HTH motif of the repressor. Block IV in the L1 repressor is part of the most charged region encompassing amino acid residues 72-92, which flanks the putative N-terminal basic (residues 1-71) and C-terminal acidic (residues 93-183) domains of L1 repressor.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.361-373
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• 2020

Integrins such as lymphocyte function-associated antigen -1 (LFA-1) have an essential role in T cell immunity. Integrin activation, namely, the transition from the inactive conformation to the active one, takes place when an intracellular signal is generated by specific receptors such as T cell receptors (TCRs) and chemokine receptors in T cells. In an effort to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation, we had previously established a high-throughput cell-based assay and screened a chemical library deposited in the National Institute of Health in the United States. As a result, several hits had been isolated including HIKS-1 (Benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid, 2-[3-[(2-carboxyphenyl) thio]-2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolinyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-,3-ethyl ester). In an attempt to reveal the mode of action of HIKS-1, in this study, we did drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay finding that HIKS-1 interacted with the IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a 189 kDa multidomain scaffold protein critically involved in various signaling mechanisms. Furthermore, the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) provided compelling evidence that HIKS-1 also interacted with IQGAP1 in vivo. Taken together, it can be concluded that HIKS-1 interferes with the TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation by interacting with IQGAP1 and thereby disrupting the signaling pathway for LFA-1 activation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2015

In this study, it is reported that a large polyprotein can be stoichiometrically cleaved by the use of caspase-3-dependent proteolysis. Previously, it has been shown that the proteolytic IETD motif was partially processed when treated with caspase-3, while the DEVD motif was completely cleaved. The cleavage efficiency of the DEVD-based substrate was approximately 2.0 times higher than that of the IETD substrate, in response to caspase-3. Based on this, 3 protein genes of interest were genetically linked to each other by adding two proteolytic cleavage sequences, DEVD and IETD, for caspase-3. Particularly, glutathione-S transferase (GST), maltose binding protein (MBP), and red fluorescent protein (RFP) were chosen as model proteins due to the variation in their size. The expressed polyprotein was purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) via a hexa-histidine tag at the C-terminal end, showing 93 kDa of a chimeric GST:MBP:RFP fusion protein. In response to caspase-3, cleavage products, such as MBP:RFP (68 kDa), MBP (42 kDa), RFP (26 kDa), and GST (25 kDa), were separated from a large precursor GST:MBP:RFP (93 kDa) via SDS-PAGE. The results obtained from this study indicate that a multi-protein can be stoichiometrically produced from a large poly-protein by using proteolytic recognition motifs, such as DEVD and IETD tetra-peptides, for caspase-3.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.44-61
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• 2012

The 21st century directs designomics to achieve wealth by designing old beyond a simple recognition of the importance of culture. One of the representative local cultures of Gyeongnam is Gaya culture. The Gaya period had over 600 years history with rich and excellent iron manufacturing skill and advanced pottery culture. It is the very time to reevaluate the importance of Gaya equivalent to the Three Kingdoms in our ancient history which was has been so far ignored and isolated. In order to develop unique and excellent culture of Gaya as local fashion cutural goods, questionnaire survey on the recognition of Gaya culture and cultural goods purchasing status had been conducted to target visitors of Representative National Museum. Data Analysis Using SPSS 18.0 Win was performed with frequency analysis and t-test. As to the questionnaire survey, important criteria for purchasing in case of buying cultural goods could be found and the residents in Gyeongnam had higher recognition of developing cultural goods by the motif of Gaya relics. 'Mounted vessel in the shape of warrior on horseback(12.4%)' and 'Chariot wheel-shaped Pottery(10.8%)' were selected the most suitable motif, 'Cellphone strap(11.0%)' and 'key holder(10.2%), 'cup (7.2%)'were selected the most suitable item of cutural goods. These will be actively reflected in the development of fashion cultural goods design applying Gaya relics.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.121-137
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• 2020

This thesis makes it an aim to develop designs of Shinhanbok coats interpreting and applying the formative structure of the lattice window pattern in Huijeongdang of the Changdeokgung palace, one of the best architecture in Chosun dynasty. Literature review about the history and characteristics of the window of Huijeongdang of the Changdeokgung palace was performed on the basis of the internet resources and papers, and the examples of the fashion design applying the lattice window patterns were analyzed. Then, three style Shinhanbok coats were designed and presented with making use of 6 kind of lattice window patterns as its motif. The coats were designed in flexible size, attempting to clad any kind of body size and shapes. Design 1 drawn from Wanjasal, Tisal, Design 2 drawn from Ajasal, Yongjasal, Tisal, design 3 drawn from Bitsal, Jungjasal. In conclusion, lattice window patterns of the traditional beauty highlighted in view of modern times might be suggested as the motif for expressing the proportion with balance and rhythm with stability. The division of the space with the line was tried with the technique of the bias cutting, stitching and taping with the design of simplicity signified in the aesthetics of the vacant space in addition to its ornamental effects. Thus, this study would like to contribute to the popularity of the Shinhanbok outlined in modern application and unique taste through the study and applications of the traditional lattice window pattern of Korea.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.793-803
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• 2020

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumour progression by contributing to angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and immunotherapy resistance. Although recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can promote the expansion of MDSCs in the tumour environment, the mechanisms involved in this process are largely unknown. Here, we report that microRNA 449c (miR-449c) expression was upregulated in myeloid progenitor cells upon activation of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) under tumour conditions. MiR-449c upregulation increased the generation of monocytic MDSCs (mo-MDSCs). The increased expression of miR-449c could target STAT6 mRNA in myeloid progenitor cells to shift the differentiation balance of myeloid progenitor cells and lead to an enhancement of the mo-MDSCs population in the tumour environment. Thus, our results demonstrate that the miR-449c/STAT6 axis is involved in the expansion of mo-MDSCs from myeloid progenitor cells upon activation of CXCR2, and thus, inhibition of miR-449c/STAT6 signalling may help to attenuate tumour progression.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2008

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, which leads a variety of secondary metabolites to participate in differentiation and protection of plant against environmental stresses. In this study, we isolated a full-length cDNA of the C4H gene from a black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.), using a reverse transcriptase-PCR and rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. The full-length cDNA of the RocC4H gene contained a 1,515 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 504 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of about 57.9 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) value of 9.1. The genomic DNA analysis revealed that RocC4H gene had three exons and two introns. By multiple sequence alignment, RocC4H protein was highly homologous with other plant C4Hs, and the cytochrome P450-featured motifs, such as the heme-binding domain, the T-containing binding pocket motif (AAIETT), the ERR triad, and the tetrapeptide (PPGP) hinge motif, were highly conserved. Southern blot analysis revealed that RocC4H is a single copy gene in R. occidentalis.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.35-50
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• 2019

Modern family culture manifests various different social phenomenon due to shifts caused by increased societal response to industrialization in our country. It is noted that as our lifestyle patterns have shifted from being work-oriented to family-oriented, by focusing on the trend where there is an increase in families enjoying hobby and leisure activities together and where families go shopping together, I attempted to propose various different family-look' designs. In this research study we designed and planned family normal clothes designs that are required and desired for family gatherings and family events, and these designed were produced using 3D virtual clothing design software technology. The research method used the formative features of natural plants and textiles containing a symbolic motif as an element of design, and the creation of family formal clothes were designed and planned based on the method. The development of family formal clothes designs was implemented using CLO 3D virtual clothing design software. Because utilizing 3D virtual clothing design software enables prototyping various types of designs, silhouettes, fabrics and textiles, and color schemes etc. in a short amount of time, it was possible to utilize an advantage from using the software as leveraged to propose designs with a strong symbolic motif and symbolism . Also, by confirming and examining the strengths and weaknesses of the design process when using CLO 3D, It can improve the utilization of IT technologies, and this study aims to provide that efficiency.