• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2012

Objectives : School-age children have mixed dentition and are sensitive to dental caries. Their dental condition is more important as it is directly related with oral health in their life, and parents' attention and education are necessary as the children can not manage their oral health voluntarily. Methods : To evaluate the effect of parents' occupational status on the oral health of children, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed the results along with the results of oral examination with 952 students and their parents of an elementary school located in Ulsan conducting school oral health projects on May, 2009. Results : As dental caries prevalence rate recorded 33.7%, 56.8% and 66.9% in non-dual income, professional dual income and non-professional dual income families, respectively, the rate of children of dual income families was significantly higher than that of non-dual income ones (p<0.05). Conclusions : For professional dual income families, although working mothers contribute to economic stability, they took less time to care or to educate their children compared to no-working mothers so that they need to pay more attention to oral health of children. In addition, more interest to and education for children of non-professional dual income families showing relatively lower socio-economic level and lack of time for children, were also necessary in school projects on oral health education and prevention.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1982

We studied this experiment to compare the effects of exercise and other body conditions: i.e., Flack test, cold pressor test and bicycle ergometry on the electrocardiogram. We had sixty healthy college students who were thirty nine men and twenty one women. Their $mean{\pm}SD$ values of physical characteristics were as follows: age; $22.0{\pm}1.4$, weight; men $61.7{\pm}5.6\;kg$, women $46.2{\pm}7.47\;kg$. We observed the changes of P-Q and Q-T interval, R and T amplitude, mean QRS vector, S-T segment deviation, and P and T vector. The result obtained were summarized as follows: P vector was shifted rightward regardless of the type of stress. T vector was shifted var-in each stress but in the bicycle ergometry T vector was shifted leftward. Mean QRS vector was shifted rightward immediately after the bicycle ergometry. Percentage of the occurrence of the depression of S-T segment was 21.7% at the immediately after the submaximal bicycle ergometry in lead II. The elevation of S-T segment was often observed after the mild stresses. Increased amplitude of T wave in the cold pressor test and decreased amplitude of T wave in the bicycle ergometry were observed. In the bicycle ergometry and other stresses, the precise mechanism of S-T segment changes was unexplained but insufficient repolarization in base or apex of the left ventricle due to heart strain was indicated by so called S-T vector analysis.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on activation of lumbar paraspinal muscles of normal healthy people. Diaphragmatic breathing may affect activation of trunk muscles. The assumptions are as follows: the crural diaphragm attatches to the lumbar vertebrae from L1 to L3, the voluntary downward pressurization of the diaphragm increases intra-abdominal pressure, and this increases the stiffness of the spine. Methods : Sixty male college students ranging 19 to 34 years were screened and % maximal voluntary contraction(% MVC) of trunk muscles on the four positions of back extension exercise was compared during the pre and post of inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing. Results : 1. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the dynamic right arm and left leg extension position(p<0.05). 2. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the dynamic left arm and right leg extension position(p<0.05). 3. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the static lying prone extension position(p<0.05). 4. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the static lying on prone position(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study will be used as the purpose of data collection of lumbar paraspinal muscles on diaphragmatic breathing and be introduced as the new therapeutic intervention for management of patients with back pain.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2015

PURPOSE: We aims to promote the development of proprioception measurement using smartphones, goniometers, and laser pointers as compared to the conventional use of electrogoniometer measurement. METHODS: Measurements using an electrogoniometer were previously proved to be reliabile and valid. Among E-university students, 20 who had no fracture, operation history, or inflammatory arthritis were examined. These subjects had not performed regular exercise in the past 3 months. Proprioception measurements were performed using four different measurement tools, three times per day, for test-retest analysis. RESULTS: No notable test-retest differences were noted for any of the measurement methods (P>0.05). With regard to the test-retest reliability for each measurement method, we observed that the readings from both the electrogoniometer and smartphone have high reliability (ICC>0.80), whereas the readings from the laser pointer have moderate reliability (ICC>0.60). When assessing the concurrent validity between electrogoniometers with individual measurements, we did not observe any notable difference between the smartphone and electrogoniometer (P>0.05) and these tools in fact showed high correlation (r>0.60, P<0.05) and a moderate reliability (ICC>0.60). Moreover, there was no notable difference in between electrogoniometers and laser pointers (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CONCLUSION: The findings of this suggested that proprioception can be measured by using smart-phones, and proved that this method has sufficient credibility. Moreover, we noted that the concurrent validity with smartphones was high in comparison with the conventional electrogoniometer, which also indicates the validity and credibility. Based on these findings, we conclude that the measurement of proprioception by using a smartphone can be widely adopted.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of self-stretching (SS) and joint mobilization (JM) on pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), autonomic system function in chronic cervical pain patient with forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: A total of 30 male college students were selected as study subjects, and were divided into Group I (general physical therapy; GPT, n=10), Group II (GPT+SS, n=10), Group III (GPT+JM, n=10). All groups were evaluated three times a week for 4 weeks. Pain was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), CVA was measured using digital goniometer and autonomic system function (heart rate; HR, skin conductivity; SC, LF norm, HF norm, LF/HF ratio) was measured by Biofeedback ProComp Infiniti. After 4 weeks, paired t-test was used to compare the changes within the group and one way ANOVA was used to compare those between the groups. RESULTS: In Group I, VAS was significantly decreased. In Group II and III was a significantly change in all items. In comparison between Group I and II was a difference in all items except HR. In comparison between Group I and III was a difference in all items. In comparison between Group II and III was a difference in VAS, LF norm and LF/HF ratio. CONCLUSION: This study showed that SS and JM can effectively reduce pain and normalize the autonomic system function.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

Purpose : To identify changes and relationships in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene polymorphism, body composition, and physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over a three-year period spanning elementary school to middle school (2015-2018) Methods : A total of 84 male student participants were divided into two groups based on FTO genotype: aa+at (group A) and tt (group T) and tracked down. Body composition, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscle strength, power, and other characteristics were measured in the two groups in both 2015 and 2018, respectively, and the changes over the three-year period were analyzed and compared. Results : Increases in height and weight did not differ significantly between the two groups, but body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in group A (p=.035). With regard to physical fitness, there was no significant difference in flexibility, but cardiovascular endurance, strength, and power were significantly higher in group T (p<.001, p=.063, and p=.040, respectively). Conclusion : Group A is more likely to become obese than group T because of their lower level of physical fitness and increased BMI relative to group T. This result supports previous studies showing that group A has a relatively low level of physical activity and a greater tendency to eat fatty foods as compared with group T. Therefore, we suggest that the FTO gene polymorphism should be identified early and that students educated on diet and physical activity to help prevent adult obesity.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study to provide preliminary data to effective halitosis control. Methods : A survey was carried out the self-perception of causative factors of halitosis in 98 female college students in Chungnam province. In addition, the levels of oral gas and breath gas were measured by use of the B&B checker, and an analysis was made of the correlation between halitosis and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Results : 1. Subjective halitosis awareness degree different degree of dryness, 'None', 'some', 'little' people who feel as the 'little fly' (68%), 78.3%, 70% was higher (p<0.05), halitosis interest 'very worried', 'worry', 'normal' person with a' not at all 'to 58.3% higher (p<0.01). 2. In regard to OCD severity, 49.0%, 34.7% and 16.3% were found to be mild, moderate and severe respectively. Halitosis tended to be severe in proportion to OCD severity, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. Oral gas had a positively correlation with breath gas (r=0.329, p<0.01), but had a negative one with OCD severity (r=0.204, p<0.05). Conclusions : Symptoms of oral dryness and halitosis interest were associated with self-perception of halitosis. The levels of oral gas and breath gas were in inverse proportion to OCD severity. Hereat, it needs to analyze psychogenic factors properly as regards the diagnosis or treatment of halitosis.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transverse abdominal muscle contraction on pulmonary function in supine position. Methods : 10 female and 10 male college students were recruited this study. Pulmonary Function test was measured with QUARK SPIRO. To check the changes in lung function with transverse abdominal muscle contraction, we tested pulmonary function in the supine, with and without transverse abdominal muscle contraction. While the transverse abdominis was activating, we investigate in the change of forced expiration. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics VER.12.0 for window version p-values less than 0.05 were used to identify significant differences. Statistical analysis was used Paired t-test to know difference between activated and non-activated TrA of forced expiration. Results : The subject with transverse abdominal muscle contraction showed significant increments in variable of FVC, FEV1, PEF compared to the pre-intervention results (p<0.01). Conclusion : These results indicate that spontaneous contraction of the TrA helps pulmonary function. And the selective contraction of the transverse abdominis at the end of forced inspiration makes increases in the lung capacity.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

Purpose : This study examines the effect of trunk stabilization program on the body balance, lung capacity, and muscular activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique of healthy adults. Method : A survey was conducted for 20 students of K University located in the city of Y in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province of Korea. The trunk stabilization program consisted of a hollowing exercise, curl-up, bridging exercise, and birddog exercise. This was performed 14 times in total (7 times a week for two weeks). For analysis, good balance was used to measure both static and dynamic balancing ability. A peak flow meter was used to measure the maximum expiratory flow, and MP150 was used to measure muscular activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique. Result : After the trunk stabilization program, the participants showed a difference in score and time taken to achieve static and dynamic balance, and muscular activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique at a statistically significant level (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the left-to-right distance and front-to-back distance in a dynamic balance, and the lung capacity (p>0.05). Conclusion : The results showed that the trunk stabilization program was effective in enhancing both static and dynamic balancing ability and muscular activity. It also increased the lung capacity although the change was not at a statistically significant level.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activities of infraspinatus, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and triceps brachii in different supporting surface intervals during push-up exercise. Method : Subjects of the study were 18 healthy male students without any orthopedic or neurological injuries including neck and shoulder surgeries and can perform a push-up exercise required for the study. EMG was used to measure the muscle activities of four muscles. Result : There were statistically significant differences of all the muscles in three different supporting surface intervals(p<0.5). Muscle activity of upper trapezius was the highest(MVIC 39.40%) in the narrowest width and the lowest in the widest width. In infraspinatus, muscle activity was the highest(MVIC 36.23%) in the narrowest width and the lowest in the widest width. In serratus, muscle activity is the highest(MVIC 58.04%) in the widest width and the lowest in the narrowest width. In triceps brachii, muscle activity is the highest(MVIC 68.51%) in the widest width and the lowest in the narrowest width. Conclusion : Muscle activities are at the highest with the narrowest width in the upper trapezius and the infraspinatus. In the serratus and triceps brachii, however, muscle activities are at the highest with widest width.